Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Air temperature at 2 meters by country
This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days...
What the numbers show
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Air temperature at 2 meters is currently reported for 2 countries. The highest value is 16.26 Degrees celsius in Armenia; the lowest is 9.14 Degrees celsius in Luxembourg.
The median across all reporting countries is 12.7 Degrees celsius, and the mean is 12.7 Degrees celsius.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Armenia | 16.26 Degrees celsius | 2025 | down 5.6% | flat |
| 2 | Luxembourg | 9.14 Degrees celsius | 2025 | down 8.6% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Fort-de-France 34.19 Degrees celsius
- Sacramento 21.27 Degrees celsius
- Cajeme 31.41 Degrees celsius
- Porto 14.64 Degrees celsius
- San Luis Rio Colorado 31.07 Degrees celsius
- Nantes 14.41 Degrees celsius
- Yuma 31.04 Degrees celsius
- Valparaíso 14.39 Degrees celsius
- Hermosillo 31.01 Degrees celsius
- Toledo 13.36 Degrees celsius
- Campeche 30.81 Degrees celsius
- Coimbra 12.99 Degrees celsius
- Navojoa 30.73 Degrees celsius
- Braga 12.69 Degrees celsius
- Piedras Negras 30.09 Degrees celsius
- Treviso 11.87 Degrees celsius
- Phoenix 29.75 Degrees celsius
- Santiago 10.92 Degrees celsius
- Carmen 29.41 Degrees celsius
- Mexicali 29.38 Degrees celsius
- Ahome 29.14 Degrees celsius
- Villahermosa 29.01 Degrees celsius
- Pima 28.75 Degrees celsius
- Merida 28.52 Degrees celsius
- Cúcuta 28.37 Degrees celsius
- Iguala de la Independencia 28.35 Degrees celsius
- Tampa-Pinellas 28.28 Degrees celsius
- Nuevo Laredo 28.23 Degrees celsius
- Apatzingan 27.98 Degrees celsius
- Webb 27.79 Degrees celsius
- Greater Darwin 27.78 Degrees celsius
- Culiacan 27.65 Degrees celsius
- Arauca 27.65 Degrees celsius
- Minatitlan 27.62 Degrees celsius
- Ciudad Valles 27.62 Degrees celsius
- La Paz 27.59 Degrees celsius
- Veracruz 27.5 Degrees celsius
- Delicias 27.45 Degrees celsius
- Maicao 27.36 Degrees celsius
- Othon P. Blanco 27.33 Degrees celsius
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 35°C. Tropical nights correspond to the days when the minimum temperature is above 20°C, and icing days to the number of days when the maximum temperature is below 0°C. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org