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Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period by country

This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days...

Countries reporting
2
Highest
0.0872 Degrees celsius
Luxembourg
Lowest
-0.2189 Degrees celsius
Armenia
Median
-0.0659 Degrees celsius
Years covered
45
1981–2025
Data points
59,625

What the numbers show

Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period is currently reported for 2 countries. The highest value is 0.0872 Degrees celsius in Luxembourg; the lowest is -0.2189 Degrees celsius in Armenia.

The median across all reporting countries is -0.0659 Degrees celsius, and the mean is -0.0659 Degrees celsius.

Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Luxembourg 0.0872 Degrees celsius 2025 down 90.8% volatile
2 Armenia -0.2189 Degrees celsius 2025 down 129.3% volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities by country. Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 02 September 2026, from https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/air-temperature-hot-days-tropical-nights-and-icing-days-cities-and-fuas-change-in-air/

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Paste this into a page to link back to these figures. The data itself is free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required); please keep the attribution.

<a href="https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/air-temperature-hot-days-tropical-nights-and-icing-days-cities-and-fuas-change-in-air/">Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities by country</a> — Statizoid

About this data

Indicator
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period
Unit
Degrees celsius
Source
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence
OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
1,325 places, 59,625 data points, 1981–2025
Last refreshed

This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 35°C. Tropical nights correspond to the days when the minimum temperature is above 20°C, and icing days to the number of days when the maximum temperature is below 0°C. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org