Annual CO₂ emissions from cement, per square kilometre by country
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
151
Highest
581.5 tonnes per square kilometre
Hong Kong
Lowest
0 tonnes per square kilometre
Somalia
Median
8.06 tonnes per square kilometre
Years covered
64
1961–2024
Data points
11,429
What the numbers show
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement, per square kilometre is currently reported for 151 countries. The highest value is 581.5 tonnes per square kilometre in Hong Kong; the lowest is 0 tonnes per square kilometre in Somalia.
The median across all reporting countries is 8.06 tonnes per square kilometre, and the mean is 26.39 tonnes per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 80 countries rose and 63 fell. The largest increase was in Cambodia (up 1,079.7%), and the largest decrease in Estonia (down 100.0%).
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement, per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | 581.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 15.8% | volatile |
| 2 | Bahrain | 403.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 40.7% | volatile |
| 3 | Barbados | 245.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 49.7% | volatile |
| 4 | South Korea | 210.77 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.2% | volatile |
| 5 | Qatar | 168.73 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 21.1% | volatile |
| 6 | Vietnam | 141.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.0% | volatile |
| 7 | Cyprus | 101.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 8 | Luxembourg | 93.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 33.0% | falling |
| 9 | Lebanon | 90.41 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 64.6% | volatile |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 86.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 47.6% | volatile |
| 11 | Israel | 84.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.8% | rising |
| 12 | Kuwait | 82.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 29.6% | volatile |
| 13 | Belgium | 71.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 14 | China | 65.8 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.4% | volatile |
| 15 | India | 62.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 60.6% | volatile |
| 16 | Japan | 55.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 23.5% | flat |
| 17 | Turkey | 54.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 18 | Trinidad and Tobago | 49.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 15.5% | rising |
| 19 | Dominican Republic | 48.37 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.5% | volatile |
| 20 | Malaysia | 46.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 62.6% | volatile |
| 21 | Switzerland | 38.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 22 | Thailand | 34.69 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Cambodia | 34.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1,079.7% | volatile |
| 24 | Philippines | 33.62 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 34.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Albania | 33.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.2% | volatile |
| 26 | Jamaica | 33.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.5% | rising |
| 27 | Iraq | 30.14 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 260.0% | volatile |
| 28 | Germany | 29.43 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 29 | Egypt | 27.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.7% | volatile |
| 30 | Tunisia | 27.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Slovakia | 26.92 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 32 | Ireland | 26.64 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 33 | Denmark | 24.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 34 | Greece | 23.26 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 21.5% | rising |
| 35 | Italy | 22.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.1% | falling |
| 36 | Iran | 22.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.1% | volatile |
| 37 | Portugal | 22.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 32.9% | rising |
| 38 | Slovenia | 22.61 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.9% | rising |
| 39 | North Korea | 22.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 40 | Poland | 21.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 41 | Laos | 21.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 481.6% | volatile |
| 42 | Armenia | 20.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 140.2% | volatile |
| 43 | Jordan | 19.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 2.5% | volatile |
| 44 | Croatia | 19.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.6% | rising |
| 45 | Czechia | 19.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 0.1% | falling |
| 46 | Austria | 18.69 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.9% | falling |
| 47 | Pakistan | 18.68 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.1% | volatile |
| 48 | El Salvador | 18.35 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Moldova | 17.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 50 | Togo | 17.43 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 117.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Romania | 16.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.4% | falling |
| 52 | Senegal | 16.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 63.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Nepal | 15.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 93.5% | volatile |
| 54 | Indonesia | 15.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.8% | volatile |
| 55 | Spain | 15.69 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.8% | rising |
| 56 | Tajikistan | 15.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 278.5% | volatile |
| 57 | United Kingdom | 14.98 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 58 | Serbia | 14.8 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 63.2% | rising |
| 59 | Saudi Arabia | 13.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 0.1% | volatile |
| 60 | Azerbaijan | 13.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 61 | Rwanda | 13.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 739.0% | volatile |
| 62 | Nigeria | 11.99 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 41.2% | volatile |
| 63 | Guatemala | 11.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.2% | volatile |
| 64 | Belarus | 11.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.8% | rising |
| 65 | Georgia | 11.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 3.9% | volatile |
| 66 | Bangladesh | 10.88 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 88.2% | volatile |
| 67 | France | 10.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.6% | falling |
| 68 | Bulgaria | 10.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.1% | falling |
| 69 | Morocco | 9.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 15.3% | volatile |
| 70 | Mexico | 9.8 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 71 | Oman | 9.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.3% | volatile |
| 72 | Ecuador | 8.82 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 16.7% | volatile |
| 73 | Latvia | 8.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.0% | volatile |
| 74 | Costa Rica | 8.47 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.2% | volatile |
| 75 | Bhutan | 8.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.6% | volatile |
| 76 | Sri Lanka | 8.06 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.8% | rising |
| 77 | Djibouti | 8.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 182.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Lithuania | 7.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 79 | Uzbekistan | 7.77 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.0% | rising |
| 80 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 7.47 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.0% | rising |
| 81 | Panama | 7.29 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 31.8% | volatile |
| 82 | Syria | 6.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 62.2% | volatile |
| 83 | Kyrgyzstan | 6.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 55.0% | volatile |
| 84 | Honduras | 6.46 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Hungary | 5.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 86 | Ukraine | 5.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 0.9% | falling |
| 87 | Kenya | 5.61 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 82.2% | volatile |
| 88 | Algeria | 5.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 58.7% | volatile |
| 89 | Myanmar | 4.74 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 515.4% | volatile |
| 90 | South Africa | 4.64 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 91 | Peru | 4.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.5% | volatile |
| 92 | Burkina Faso | 4.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 669.2% | volatile |
| 93 | Colombia | 4.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 94 | Benin | 4.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 115.4% | volatile |
| 95 | United States | 4.07 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.5% | rising |
| 96 | Haiti | 3.88 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Cameroon | 3.85 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 261.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Tanzania | 3.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 171.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Uganda | 3.28 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 67.6% | volatile |
| 100 | Brazil | 3.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Cuba | 2.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 57.0% | flat |
| 102 | Sweden | 2.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 14.2% | falling |
| 103 | Ethiopia | 2.62 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 40.2% | volatile |
| 104 | Malawi | 2.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 92.6% | volatile |
| 105 | Uruguay | 2.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.4% | rising |
| 106 | Liberia | 1.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 107 | Turkmenistan | 1.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 27.6% | volatile |
| 108 | Kazakhstan | 1.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.7% | volatile |
| 109 | Norway | 1.63 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.1% | falling |
| 110 | Nicaragua | 1.57 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 111 | Russia | 1.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 112 | Yemen | 1.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 38.9% | volatile |
| 113 | Bolivia | 1.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 114 | Finland | 1.46 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 115 | New Zealand | 1.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 38.8% | rising |
| 116 | New Caledonia | 1.42 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 35.9% | volatile |
| 117 | Mozambique | 1.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 85.2% | volatile |
| 118 | Argentina | 1.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 16.7% | rising |
| 119 | Zambia | 1.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.6% | volatile |
| 120 | Venezuela | 1.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 67.3% | rising |
| 121 | Chile | 1.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 16.8% | rising |
| 122 | Congo | 1.01 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 94.3% | volatile |
| 123 | Zimbabwe | 1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 21.9% | rising |
| 124 | Angola | 0.9014 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 43.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Paraguay | 0.8737 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.8% | volatile |
| 126 | Gabon | 0.8572 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 216.7% | volatile |
| 127 | Sudan | 0.8328 tonnes per square kilometre | 2019 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 128 | Canada | 0.8306 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.0% | rising |
| 129 | Libya | 0.6607 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 57.1% | volatile |
| 130 | Eritrea | 0.5774 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 21.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Mali | 0.5716 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 172.7% | volatile |
| 132 | Namibia | 0.5684 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 54.4% | volatile |
| 133 | Mongolia | 0.3867 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 230.1% | volatile |
| 134 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.3627 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 543.0% | volatile |
| 135 | Australia | 0.3555 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.0% | rising |
| 136 | Chad | 0.1846 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 200.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Ghana | 0.1721 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 86.4% | volatile |
| 138 | Suriname | 0.124 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 139 | Madagascar | 0.0999 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | unchanged | volatile |
| 140 | Burundi | 0.099 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 141 | Guyana | 0.0667 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Niger | 0.0286 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 93.1% | volatile |
| 143 | Afghanistan | 0.0163 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 62.9% | volatile |
| 144 | Botswana | 0.0075 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 145 | Bahamas | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 145 | Cape Verde | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 145 | Estonia | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Fiji | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 145 | Iceland | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 145 | Netherlands | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Somalia | 0 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | — | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Annual co2 cement Our World in Data
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.