Carbon dioxide emissions by income level, per square kilometre by country
Carbon dioxide emissions by income level divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
204
Highest
74,392 tonnes per square kilometre
Singapore
Lowest
0.6335 tonnes per square kilometre
Central African Republic
Median
205.31 tonnes per square kilometre
Years covered
64
1961–2024
Data points
11,625
What the numbers show
Carbon dioxide emissions by income level, per square kilometre is currently reported for 204 countries. The highest value is 74,392 tonnes per square kilometre in Singapore; the lowest is 0.6335 tonnes per square kilometre in Central African Republic.
The median across all reporting countries is 205.31 tonnes per square kilometre, and the mean is 1,736 tonnes per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 136 countries rose and 68 fell. The largest increase was in Laos (up 456.7%), and the largest decrease in Curacao (down 66.3%).
Carbon dioxide emissions by income level, per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 74,392 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 2 | Bahrain | 48,754 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Hong Kong | 31,737 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 4 | Macao | 31,722 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 25.7% | volatile |
| 5 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 21,107 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 6 | Qatar | 10,950 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.3% | volatile |
| 7 | Bermuda | 10,185 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 17.5% | rising |
| 8 | Maldives | 7,739 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 76.0% | volatile |
| 9 | Kuwait | 7,268 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 72.7% | volatile |
| 10 | Trinidad and Tobago | 6,743 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.2% | volatile |
| 11 | South Korea | 5,980 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 7.4% | volatile |
| 12 | Malta | 5,486 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 27.4% | volatile |
| 13 | Curacao | 5,157 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 66.3% | falling |
| 14 | Aruba | 5,115 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.6% | volatile |
| 15 | Netherlands | 3,409 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 27.1% | rising |
| 16 | Barbados | 3,167 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 17 | United Arab Emirates | 3,126 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Nauru | 2,923 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.0% | falling |
| 19 | Belgium | 2,802 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 12.4% | falling |
| 20 | Luxembourg | 2,734 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 21 | Japan | 2,639 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 23.7% | rising |
| 22 | Israel | 2,432 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 12.7% | volatile |
| 23 | Mauritius | 2,337 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Brunei | 2,287 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 25 | Germany | 1,638 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 27.9% | falling |
| 26 | Lebanon | 1,530 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 34.8% | volatile |
| 27 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1,511 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.0% | volatile |
| 28 | Seychelles | 1,428 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.4% | volatile |
| 29 | China | 1,309 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.2% | volatile |
| 30 | United Kingdom | 1,293 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 31 | British Virgin Islands | 1,275 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 32 | Vietnam | 1,183 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 106.0% | volatile |
| 33 | Grenada | 1,096 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 54.1% | volatile |
| 34 | India | 1,074 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 48.7% | volatile |
| 35 | Italy | 1,021 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.6% | rising |
| 36 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 995.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.9% | volatile |
| 37 | Czechia | 980.14 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 27.4% | falling |
| 38 | Andorra | 907.4 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 7.6% | flat |
| 39 | Poland | 891.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.8% | flat |
| 40 | Malaysia | 883.35 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Saint Lucia | 880.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 42 | Marshall Islands | 853.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 43 | Bangladesh | 832.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 60.3% | volatile |
| 44 | Liechtenstein | 822.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.3% | rising |
| 45 | Switzerland | 811.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.3% | rising |
| 46 | Palestine | 793.37 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 68.4% | volatile |
| 47 | Cyprus | 789.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.3% | volatile |
| 48 | Jamaica | 775.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 49 | Denmark | 709.23 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 50 | Dominican Republic | 687.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 56.2% | volatile |
| 51 | Austria | 683.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 12.1% | rising |
| 52 | Turkey | 666.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 39.7% | volatile |
| 53 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 657.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 0.1% | volatile |
| 54 | Slovenia | 633.3 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 6.0% | falling |
| 55 | Slovakia | 605.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 56 | Philippines | 586.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 74.7% | volatile |
| 57 | Iraq | 538.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 69.9% | volatile |
| 58 | United States | 536.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.3% | rising |
| 59 | Faroe Islands | 529.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.8% | rising |
| 60 | Thailand | 524.11 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 1.7% | volatile |
| 61 | North Korea | 519.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 57.1% | falling |
| 62 | Palau | 491.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 63 | France | 490.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 64 | Iran | 488.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.5% | volatile |
| 65 | Ireland | 483.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 9.6% | rising |
| 66 | Azerbaijan | 481.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.0% | flat |
| 67 | Serbia | 479.74 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.4% | falling |
| 68 | Spain | 440.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.0% | rising |
| 69 | Tuvalu | 440 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 80.1% | rising |
| 70 | Hungary | 438.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 71 | El Salvador | 433.03 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 46.6% | volatile |
| 72 | Indonesia | 429.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 61.8% | volatile |
| 73 | Greece | 413.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 32.1% | rising |
| 74 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 399.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.3% | volatile |
| 75 | Portugal | 387.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 25.9% | rising |
| 76 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 379.41 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 77 | South Africa | 362.57 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.7% | rising |
| 78 | Sri Lanka | 336.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.6% | volatile |
| 79 | Croatia | 329.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 4.6% | flat |
| 80 | Saudi Arabia | 321.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.3% | volatile |
| 81 | Uzbekistan | 317.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 28.7% | flat |
| 82 | Bahamas | 306.66 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 48.8% | volatile |
| 83 | Romania | 297.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.6% | falling |
| 84 | Comoros | 295.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 233.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Bulgaria | 291.28 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 86 | New Caledonia | 284.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 3.9% | volatile |
| 87 | Belarus | 275 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 12.4% | falling |
| 88 | Oman | 267.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.9% | volatile |
| 89 | Armenia | 263.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 90 | North Macedonia | 262.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 7.6% | falling |
| 91 | French Polynesia | 262.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 7.0% | volatile |
| 92 | Jordan | 261.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.3% | volatile |
| 93 | Egypt | 259.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.7% | volatile |
| 94 | Equatorial Guinea | 249.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.3% | volatile |
| 95 | Ukraine | 245.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 44.7% | falling |
| 96 | Mexico | 237.14 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.8% | rising |
| 97 | Cuba | 235.46 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.5% | rising |
| 98 | Pakistan | 233.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.2% | volatile |
| 99 | Dominica | 227.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1.2% | volatile |
| 100 | Micronesia (country) | 214.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.0% | falling |
| 101 | Tonga | 211.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.6% | volatile |
| 102 | Tunisia | 210.25 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Lithuania | 200.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 2.3% | falling |
| 104 | Estonia | 194.4 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 55.0% | falling |
| 105 | Guatemala | 185.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 48.1% | volatile |
| 106 | Ecuador | 185.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.1% | volatile |
| 107 | Montenegro | 176.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 108 | Costa Rica | 173.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.9% | volatile |
| 109 | Syria | 173.06 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.9% | volatile |
| 110 | Turkmenistan | 172.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 29.0% | rising |
| 111 | Panama | 170.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 112 | Georgia | 169.58 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.1% | rising |
| 113 | Albania | 162.21 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.8% | rising |
| 114 | Moldova | 161.76 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.9% | volatile |
| 115 | Morocco | 154.74 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Nigeria | 149.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 117 | Sao Tome and Principe | 147.69 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.6% | volatile |
| 118 | Cape Verde | 147.34 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.9% | volatile |
| 119 | Venezuela | 131.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 34.1% | rising |
| 120 | Nepal | 130.98 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 147.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Cambodia | 123.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 226.5% | volatile |
| 122 | New Zealand | 123.35 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.2% | rising |
| 123 | Honduras | 114.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.3% | volatile |
| 124 | Russia | 108.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.7% | flat |
| 125 | Haiti | 107.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.1% | volatile |
| 126 | Kazakhstan | 106.31 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.1% | rising |
| 127 | Chile | 106.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1.4% | volatile |
| 128 | Laos | 105.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 456.7% | volatile |
| 129 | Latvia | 103.84 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 9.9% | falling |
| 130 | Norway | 102.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 17.1% | rising |
| 131 | Finland | 97.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 37.5% | rising |
| 132 | Sweden | 93.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 133 | Ghana | 92.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 58.6% | volatile |
| 134 | Kiribati | 89.34 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.7% | rising |
| 135 | Samoa | 88.34 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.1% | volatile |
| 136 | Rwanda | 85.58 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 154.4% | volatile |
| 137 | Lesotho | 84.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 138 | Colombia | 83.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 139 | Algeria | 83.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Gambia | 79.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 58.8% | volatile |
| 141 | Fiji | 78.84 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.1% | rising |
| 142 | Tajikistan | 77.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 133.2% | volatile |
| 143 | Senegal | 73.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 61.5% | volatile |
| 144 | Argentina | 62.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 9.3% | rising |
| 145 | Kyrgyzstan | 61.37 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 15.0% | rising |
| 146 | Eswatini | 60.73 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.1% | volatile |
| 147 | Canada | 60.68 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 148 | Brazil | 57.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.2% | volatile |
| 149 | Peru | 54.88 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 42.2% | volatile |
| 150 | Benin | 53.8 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.1% | volatile |
| 151 | Togo | 50.63 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 84.7% | volatile |
| 152 | Australia | 50.3 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 153 | Myanmar | 48.42 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 99.5% | volatile |
| 154 | Cote d'Ivoire | 46.63 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 49.7% | volatile |
| 155 | Uruguay | 45.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 156 | Nicaragua | 45.11 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 157 | East Timor | 44.93 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.5% | volatile |
| 158 | Bhutan | 43.46 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.3% | volatile |
| 159 | Iceland | 37.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 160 | Libya | 37.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.5% | volatile |
| 161 | Kenya | 36.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 57.4% | volatile |
| 162 | Burundi | 35.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 158.1% | volatile |
| 163 | Zimbabwe | 35.42 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 164 | Belize | 34.9 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 58.6% | volatile |
| 165 | Uganda | 31.59 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 54.9% | volatile |
| 166 | Mongolia | 28.68 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 50.7% | volatile |
| 167 | Bolivia | 26.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.6% | volatile |
| 168 | Congo | 25.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 61.6% | volatile |
| 169 | Djibouti | 24.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.1% | rising |
| 170 | Burkina Faso | 23.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 126.9% | volatile |
| 171 | Tanzania | 22.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 82.4% | volatile |
| 172 | Guyana | 21.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 112.9% | rising |
| 173 | Gabon | 20.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 174 | Cameroon | 20.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.8% | volatile |
| 175 | Paraguay | 20.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 46.1% | volatile |
| 176 | Malawi | 19.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 85.3% | rising |
| 177 | Sierra Leone | 19.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.1% | volatile |
| 178 | Yemen | 19.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 61.9% | volatile |
| 179 | Suriname | 18.61 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 180 | Papua New Guinea | 18.43 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.3% | volatile |
| 181 | Angola | 17.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 14.4% | volatile |
| 182 | Afghanistan | 16.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.5% | volatile |
| 183 | Guinea | 16.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 69.8% | volatile |
| 184 | Zambia | 16.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 128.0% | volatile |
| 185 | Vanuatu | 16.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.1% | volatile |
| 186 | Ethiopia | 15.9 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 54.6% | volatile |
| 187 | Botswana | 13.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.9% | volatile |
| 188 | Guinea-Bissau | 12.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 139.5% | volatile |
| 189 | Mozambique | 10.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.1% | volatile |
| 190 | Solomon Islands | 10.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.6% | volatile |
| 191 | Sudan | 9.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.9% | rising |
| 192 | Liberia | 8.92 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.2% | volatile |
| 193 | Madagascar | 7.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 52.4% | volatile |
| 194 | Eritrea | 6.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.5% | falling |
| 195 | Mali | 5.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 122.3% | volatile |
| 196 | Mauritania | 5.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 104.4% | volatile |
| 197 | Namibia | 4.21 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 198 | South Sudan | 2.68 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 199 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 2.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 200 | Niger | 2.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 40.5% | volatile |
| 201 | Chad | 2.25 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 202 | Somalia | 2.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 48.8% | volatile |
| 203 | Greenland | 1.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.2% | rising |
| 204 | Central African Republic | 0.6335 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 199.2% | rising |
How this figure is calculated
Carbon dioxide emissions by income level divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Carbon dioxide emissions by income level ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Carbon dioxide emissions by income level Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Carbon dioxide emissions by income level divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.