{"entity":{"iso2":"ES","iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","slug":"spain"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"carbon-tax-trading-coverage","source":"Dolphin and Merkle (2024) \u2013 with minor processing by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-tax-trading-coverage","title":"Share of CO\u2082 emissions covered by a carbon price","unit":"%"},"observations":[{"date":"1989-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1990-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1991-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1992-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1993-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1994-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1995-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":53.0721},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":50.5882},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":52.1468},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":49.9975},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":47.3379},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":44.5402},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":47.7061},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":51.893},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":48.1686},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":49.2056},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":50.4284},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":47.5504},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":49.5221},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":47.1351},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":44.2612},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":41.8148},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":41.2823},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":43.2012},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":43.2012},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":44.6435},{"date":"2025-01-01","value":44.6435}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2025-01-01","latest_value":44.6435,"max":53.0721,"mean":26.82,"min":0.0,"of":200,"rank":34,"trend":"volatile"}}