Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions in India
India: Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions was 4.3% in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
4.3%
Change on year
down 47.8%
World rank
42nd
of 215 countries
All-time high
61.3%
in 1859
All-time low
-22.7%
in 1861
Years of data
154
1859–2024
Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions in India, 1859–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in %.
Analysis
In 2024, annual percentage change in co₂ emissions in India stood at 4.3%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 47.8% on the previous year and down 44.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual percentage change in co₂ emissions in India peaked at 61.3% in 1859 and was at its lowest, -22.7%, in 1861.
India ranks 42nd of 215 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions in India, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1859 | 61.3% | — |
| 1860 | 1.0% | -98.3% |
| 1861 | -22.7% | -2277.3% |
| 1862 | 10.7% | -147.0% |
| 1863 | 10.8% | +1.7% |
| 1864 | -5.4% | -150.1% |
| 1865 | -1.7% | -68.3% |
| 1866 | 12.9% | -846.2% |
| 1879 | -4.7% | -136.3% |
| 1880 | 12.0% | -357.3% |
| 1881 | -2.5% | -120.9% |
| 1882 | 19.4% | -871.9% |
| 1883 | 11.1% | -42.6% |
| 1884 | 11.8% | +6.3% |
| 1885 | -9.9% | -183.7% |
| 1886 | 12.7% | -228.3% |
| 1887 | 10.6% | -16.6% |
| 1888 | 11.2% | +5.7% |
| 1889 | 18.0% | +60.3% |
| 1890 | 10.2% | -43.3% |
| 1891 | 7.7% | -24.5% |
| 1892 | 10.0% | +29.4% |
| 1893 | 5.6% | -43.3% |
| 1894 | 1.3% | -76.5% |
| 1895 | 25.2% | +1803.8% |
| 1896 | 8.1% | -67.7% |
| 1897 | 8.5% | +4.1% |
| 1898 | 10.6% | +24.5% |
| 1899 | 10.2% | -3.6% |
| 1900 | 18.6% | +83.1% |
| 1901 | 10.5% | -43.8% |
| 1902 | 10.1% | -3.3% |
| 1903 | 2.0% | -80.5% |
| 1904 | 11.9% | +501.6% |
| 1905 | 2.2% | -81.2% |
| 1906 | 15.5% | +592.8% |
| 1907 | 11.4% | -26.5% |
| 1908 | 14.4% | +26.7% |
| 1909 | -3.1% | -121.3% |
| 1910 | -2.7% | -11.7% |
| 1911 | 5.5% | -303.1% |
| 1912 | 15.1% | +173.6% |
| 1913 | 10.3% | -31.6% |
| 1914 | 0.7% | -92.9% |
| 1915 | 4.6% | +519.4% |
| 1916 | 1.1% | -75.1% |
| 1917 | 4.5% | +295.3% |
| 1918 | 12.4% | +176.5% |
| 1919 | 9.2% | -25.9% |
| 1920 | -18.9% | -305.4% |
| 1921 | 7.6% | -140.1% |
| 1922 | -1.6% | -121.2% |
| 1923 | 2.9% | -280.3% |
| 1924 | 7.0% | +141.6% |
| 1925 | -1.3% | -119.1% |
| 1926 | -0.4% | -73.4% |
| 1927 | 4.9% | -1468.6% |
| 1928 | -4.3% | -189.0% |
| 1929 | 4.1% | -194.4% |
| 1930 | 1.7% | -59.4% |
| 1931 | -8.4% | -604.7% |
| 1932 | -7.0% | -16.3% |
| 1933 | -1.8% | -73.8% |
| 1934 | 11.7% | -737.5% |
| 1935 | 4.5% | -61.5% |
| 1936 | -1.7% | -138.1% |
| 1937 | 10.8% | -729.2% |
| 1938 | 11.8% | +9.4% |
| 1939 | -2.1% | -118.0% |
| 1940 | 6.1% | -386.9% |
| 1941 | 2.4% | -60.0% |
| 1942 | -0.1% | -104.0% |
| 1943 | -12.9% | +13266.0% |
| 1944 | 2.3% | -117.5% |
| 1945 | 10.9% | +381.6% |
| 1946 | -1.2% | -111.3% |
| 1947 | 1.8% | -249.0% |
| 1948 | 0.0% | -97.6% |
| 1949 | 5.6% | +12428.5% |
| 1950 | 8.5% | +50.9% |
| 1951 | 4.7% | -44.5% |
| 1952 | 5.4% | +14.9% |
| 1953 | 2.0% | -62.6% |
| 1954 | 5.4% | +166.9% |
| 1955 | 8.8% | +63.8% |
| 1956 | 3.7% | -57.9% |
| 1957 | 12.3% | +229.6% |
| 1958 | 4.6% | -62.7% |
| 1959 | 5.9% | +28.8% |
| 1960 | 9.7% | +65.7% |
| 1961 | 8.2% | -16.3% |
| 1962 | 10.1% | +24.0% |
| 1963 | 7.4% | -26.5% |
| 1964 | -2.1% | -127.9% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | -591.1% |
| 1966 | 3.7% | -63.8% |
| 1967 | 0.1% | -96.8% |
| 1968 | 9.1% | +7707.6% |
| 1969 | 1.9% | -78.9% |
| 1970 | 2.4% | +26.7% |
| 1971 | 5.6% | +131.8% |
| 1972 | 5.8% | +2.3% |
| 1973 | 3.0% | -48.3% |
| 1974 | 3.2% | +8.3% |
| 1975 | 8.5% | +163.1% |
| 1976 | 4.5% | -47.1% |
| 1977 | 5.8% | +29.0% |
| 1978 | 1.6% | -72.2% |
| 1979 | 5.0% | +208.7% |
| 1980 | 5.6% | +11.9% |
| 1981 | 8.0% | +42.7% |
| 1982 | 3.3% | -58.5% |
| 1983 | 8.2% | +149.3% |
| 1984 | 2.7% | -67.7% |
| 1985 | 10.0% | +274.8% |
| 1986 | 7.2% | -27.5% |
| 1987 | 6.8% | -5.7% |
| 1988 | 8.0% | +17.2% |
| 1989 | 10.0% | +24.8% |
| 1990 | 6.9% | -30.7% |
| 1991 | 6.5% | -6.3% |
| 1992 | 6.5% | +0.5% |
| 1993 | 3.3% | -48.8% |
| 1994 | 5.4% | +63.0% |
| 1995 | 6.5% | +19.8% |
| 1996 | 8.3% | +27.6% |
| 1997 | 4.2% | -49.7% |
| 1998 | 2.1% | -50.3% |
| 1999 | 9.8% | +369.9% |
| 2000 | 2.7% | -72.4% |
| 2001 | 1.4% | -46.8% |
| 2002 | 3.2% | +120.1% |
| 2003 | 3.5% | +9.5% |
| 2004 | 6.2% | +79.5% |
| 2005 | 5.4% | -13.6% |
| 2006 | 8.2% | +52.9% |
| 2007 | 7.7% | -5.5% |
| 2008 | 7.0% | -10.2% |
| 2009 | 8.3% | +18.7% |
| 2010 | 4.0% | -51.0% |
| 2011 | 5.2% | +28.5% |
| 2012 | 9.1% | +75.9% |
| 2013 | 3.5% | -61.2% |
| 2014 | 7.7% | +115.8% |
| 2015 | 3.9% | -49.0% |
| 2016 | 5.4% | +38.7% |
| 2017 | 3.1% | -42.5% |
| 2018 | 7.0% | +124.6% |
| 2019 | 0.6% | -91.2% |
| 2020 | -7.2% | -1274.4% |
| 2021 | 10.4% | -244.7% |
| 2022 | 5.8% | -44.4% |
| 2023 | 8.2% | +40.9% |
| 2024 | 4.3% | -47.8% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 4.3% is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 2.9%, 1.5× the median. (47 countries reporting)
- India's 4.3% is above the median for South Asia, which is 3.9%, 1.1× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions in India changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1943 | -13266.0% | -0.1% | -12.9% |
| 1949 | +12428.5% | 0.0% | 5.6% |
| 1968 | +7707.6% | 0.1% | 9.1% |
| 1861 | -2277.3% | 1.0% | -22.7% |
| 1895 | +1803.8% | 1.3% | 25.2% |
| 1927 | +1468.6% | -0.4% | 4.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 61.3% | 61.3% | 61.3% | 1 |
| 1860s | 0.8% | -22.7% | 12.9% | 7 |
| 1870s | -4.7% | -4.7% | -4.7% | 1 |
| 1880s | 9.4% | -9.9% | 19.4% | 10 |
| 1890s | 9.7% | 1.3% | 25.2% | 10 |
| 1900s | 9.4% | -3.1% | 18.6% | 10 |
| 1910s | 6.1% | -2.7% | 15.1% | 10 |
| 1920s | -0.0% | -18.9% | 7.6% | 10 |
| 1930s | 1.9% | -8.4% | 11.8% | 10 |
| 1940s | 1.5% | -12.9% | 10.9% | 10 |
| 1950s | 6.1% | 2.0% | 12.3% | 10 |
| 1960s | 5.8% | -2.1% | 10.2% | 10 |
| 1970s | 4.5% | 1.6% | 8.5% | 10 |
| 1980s | 7.0% | 2.7% | 10.0% | 10 |
| 1990s | 5.9% | 2.1% | 9.8% | 10 |
| 2000s | 5.3% | 1.4% | 8.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 5.0% | 0.6% | 9.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | 4.3% | -7.2% | 10.4% | 5 |
Countries ranked near India
More climate change data for India
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 27.69 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 602,760 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 105,678 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 497,082 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 398.78 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 17,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 279,594 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 103,578 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 664.21 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual percentage change in co₂ emissions in India?
- Annual percentage change in co₂ emissions in India was 4.3% in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual percentage change in co₂ emissions recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 61.3% in 1859.
- What is the lowest annual percentage change in co₂ emissions recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was -22.7% in 1861.
- How does India rank for annual percentage change in co₂ emissions?
- India ranks 42nd out of 215 countries with data for 2024.
- Is annual percentage change in co₂ emissions rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is down 44.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 154 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Annual percentage growth in total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), excluding land-use change.