Annual change in GDP, population and CO₂ emissions in Estonia
Estonia: Annual change in GDP, population and CO₂ emissions was -0.4% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Annual change in GDP, population and CO₂ emissions in Estonia, 1961–2025
Source: United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, Eurostat, and United Nations Statistical Division, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Measured in annual %.
Analysis
The most recent figure for annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions in Estonia is -0.4%, measured in 2025.
That represents a change of down 385.8% on the previous year and down 753.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions in Estonia peaked at 1.6% in 2023 and was at its lowest, -2.6%, in 1993.
Estonia ranks 195th of 215 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Annual change in GDP, population and CO₂ emissions in Estonia, year by year
| Year | annual % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 1.1% | — |
| 1962 | 1.3% | +20.7% |
| 1963 | 1.4% | +2.8% |
| 1964 | 1.4% | +4.3% |
| 1965 | 1.4% | -5.4% |
| 1966 | 1.1% | -20.7% |
| 1967 | 0.8% | -26.9% |
| 1968 | 0.9% | +17.5% |
| 1969 | 1.0% | +13.3% |
| 1970 | 1.1% | +4.5% |
| 1971 | 1.2% | +12.5% |
| 1972 | 1.1% | -8.9% |
| 1973 | 1.0% | -14.6% |
| 1974 | 0.9% | -9.9% |
| 1975 | 0.8% | -9.2% |
| 1976 | 0.7% | -9.3% |
| 1977 | 0.7% | +3.3% |
| 1978 | 0.7% | -6.9% |
| 1979 | 0.6% | -18.9% |
| 1980 | 0.6% | +8.5% |
| 1981 | 0.7% | +16.8% |
| 1982 | 0.7% | +2.2% |
| 1983 | 0.7% | -4.6% |
| 1984 | 0.7% | -5.1% |
| 1985 | 0.7% | +2.3% |
| 1986 | 0.7% | +11.5% |
| 1987 | 0.8% | +4.7% |
| 1988 | 0.6% | -20.1% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | -36.0% |
| 1990 | 0.1% | -83.3% |
| 1991 | -0.5% | -855.2% |
| 1992 | -1.8% | +263.3% |
| 1993 | -2.6% | +41.1% |
| 1994 | -2.1% | -16.9% |
| 1995 | -1.8% | -16.5% |
| 1996 | -1.5% | -17.4% |
| 1997 | -1.1% | -22.7% |
| 1998 | -1.0% | -15.8% |
| 1999 | 0.3% | -130.7% |
| 2000 | 0.5% | +64.3% |
| 2001 | -0.6% | -231.7% |
| 2002 | -0.6% | -0.6% |
| 2003 | -0.6% | -0.9% |
| 2004 | -0.6% | -4.7% |
| 2005 | -0.6% | -4.3% |
| 2006 | -0.6% | +3.0% |
| 2007 | -0.5% | -22.6% |
| 2008 | -0.3% | -41.2% |
| 2009 | -0.2% | -28.1% |
| 2010 | -0.2% | +18.3% |
| 2011 | -0.3% | +33.1% |
| 2012 | -0.4% | +17.9% |
| 2013 | -0.4% | -0.6% |
| 2014 | -0.3% | -26.3% |
| 2015 | 0.1% | -125.0% |
| 2016 | 0.0% | -55.6% |
| 2017 | 0.1% | +315.9% |
| 2018 | 0.3% | +187.5% |
| 2019 | 0.4% | +6.8% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | -46.8% |
| 2021 | 0.1% | -46.3% |
| 2022 | 1.3% | +1160.9% |
| 2023 | 1.6% | +18.0% |
| 2024 | 0.1% | -90.5% |
| 2025 | -0.4% | -385.8% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -0.4% is below the median for high income countries, which is 0.4%. (85 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -0.4% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.3%. (56 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual change in GDP, population and CO₂ emissions in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | +1160.9% | 0.1% | 1.3% |
| 1991 | -855.2% | 0.1% | -0.5% |
| 2025 | -385.8% | 0.1% | -0.4% |
| 2017 | +315.9% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| 1992 | -263.3% | -0.5% | -1.8% |
| 2001 | -231.7% | 0.5% | -0.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1.2% | 0.8% | 1.4% | 9 |
| 1970s | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 10 |
| 1990s | -1.2% | -2.6% | 0.3% | 10 |
| 2000s | -0.4% | -0.6% | 0.5% | 10 |
| 2010s | -0.1% | -0.4% | 0.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.5% | -0.4% | 1.6% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More climate change data for Estonia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 22.20 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 871.8 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 170.85 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 700.96 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 0.6447 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 25.03 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 178.32 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 175.54 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 2.79 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 0.6624 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions in Estonia?
- Annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions in Estonia was -0.4% in 2025, according to United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, Eurostat, and United Nations Statistical Division, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 1.6% in 2023.
- What is the lowest annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -2.6% in 1993.
- How does Estonia rank for annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions?
- Estonia ranks 195th out of 215 countries with data for 2025.
- Is annual change in gdp, population and co₂ emissions rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 753.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, Eurostat, and United Nations Statistical Division, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual change in GDP, population and CO₂ emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Percentage change in gross domestic product (GDP), population, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.