Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP by country
Annual total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), excluding land-use change, measured in kilograms per dollar of GDP (2011 international-$).
Countries reporting
161
Highest
1.39 kilograms per international-$
North Korea
Lowest
0.0589 kilograms per international-$
Switzerland
Median
0.1912 kilograms per international-$
Years covered
203
1820–2022
Data points
14,672
What the numbers show
Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP is currently reported for 161 countries. The highest value is 1.39 kilograms per international-$ in North Korea; the lowest is 0.0589 kilograms per international-$ in Switzerland.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.1912 kilograms per international-$, and the mean is 0.2498 kilograms per international-$.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 24.
Over the past decade 53 countries rose and 108 fell. The largest increase was in Laos (up 279.2%), and the largest decrease in Estonia (down 49.2%).
Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Korea | 1.39 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 29.5% | rising |
| 2 | Turkmenistan | 1.05 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 37.0% | falling |
| 3 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.9995 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 7.6% | rising |
| 4 | Mongolia | 0.9026 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 22.3% | falling |
| 5 | Venezuela | 0.7244 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 118.7% | volatile |
| 6 | Libya | 0.6449 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 54.9% | volatile |
| 7 | Bahrain | 0.6436 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 7.3% | volatile |
| 8 | Syria | 0.6002 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 28.1% | volatile |
| 9 | South Africa | 0.5926 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 10 | Kazakhstan | 0.5447 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 11 | Lesotho | 0.5358 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 9.0% | flat |
| 12 | Kuwait | 0.5291 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 12.2% | volatile |
| 13 | Iran | 0.488 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 14 | Zimbabwe | 0.4722 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 15 | Ukraine | 0.4627 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 16 | Russia | 0.449 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 17 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.4407 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 29.6% | falling |
| 18 | Oman | 0.4398 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 19 | China | 0.4343 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 34.3% | rising |
| 20 | Iraq | 0.4125 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 20.7% | volatile |
| 21 | Laos | 0.4103 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 279.2% | volatile |
| 22 | Jamaica | 0.395 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 23 | Vietnam | 0.387 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 24 | Barbados | 0.3859 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 15.2% | rising |
| 25 | Serbia | 0.3806 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 21.4% | flat |
| 26 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.3713 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 71.4% | volatile |
| 27 | Congo | 0.3686 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 112.0% | rising |
| 28 | Saudi Arabia | 0.3657 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 14.2% | volatile |
| 29 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.3631 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 30 | Bulgaria | 0.3391 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 22.5% | volatile |
| 31 | Mauritania | 0.3361 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 48.2% | volatile |
| 32 | Belarus | 0.325 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 33 | Algeria | 0.3236 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 34 | Malaysia | 0.3212 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 11.3% | volatile |
| 35 | Cambodia | 0.3203 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 120.5% | volatile |
| 36 | Comoros | 0.3161 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 128.4% | rising |
| 37 | Lebanon | 0.3151 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 3.3% | rising |
| 38 | Canada | 0.3109 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 18.1% | falling |
| 39 | Uzbekistan | 0.3026 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 43.3% | falling |
| 40 | Bolivia | 0.3005 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 2.2% | volatile |
| 41 | Estonia | 0.2992 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 49.2% | falling |
| 42 | Saint Lucia | 0.2962 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 43 | Mozambique | 0.2956 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 107.0% | volatile |
| 44 | Qatar | 0.2871 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 5.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Australia | 0.2857 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 46 | South Korea | 0.2839 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.5% | volatile |
| 47 | Czechia | 0.2771 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 31.0% | volatile |
| 48 | Cuba | 0.2764 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 24.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Senegal | 0.2722 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 50 | India | 0.2702 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 15.1% | volatile |
| 51 | United Arab Emirates | 0.2656 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 26.4% | volatile |
| 52 | United States | 0.2593 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 23.0% | volatile |
| 53 | Poland | 0.2558 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 32.8% | falling |
| 54 | North Macedonia | 0.2555 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 30.2% | falling |
| 55 | Dominica | 0.2442 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 4.6% | rising |
| 56 | Thailand | 0.2425 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 13.4% | rising |
| 57 | Ecuador | 0.2403 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 1.4% | volatile |
| 58 | Tunisia | 0.2378 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 2.6% | rising |
| 59 | Honduras | 0.2361 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 60 | Azerbaijan | 0.2348 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 6.9% | volatile |
| 61 | Mali | 0.2298 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 91.9% | volatile |
| 62 | Jordan | 0.2259 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 23.6% | rising |
| 63 | Iceland | 0.2246 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 24.0% | falling |
| 64 | Morocco | 0.2239 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 65 | Mexico | 0.2232 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 21.0% | volatile |
| 66 | Taiwan | 0.2196 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 27.0% | rising |
| 67 | Greece | 0.2183 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 40.8% | volatile |
| 68 | Moldova | 0.2171 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 17.8% | volatile |
| 69 | Indonesia | 0.2166 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 70 | Japan | 0.2157 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.0% | rising |
| 71 | Argentina | 0.215 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 7.0% | rising |
| 72 | Slovakia | 0.2101 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 28.6% | falling |
| 73 | Tajikistan | 0.2082 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 80.9% | volatile |
| 74 | Cyprus | 0.2064 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 24.2% | falling |
| 75 | Seychelles | 0.206 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 76 | Liberia | 0.2041 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 21.2% | volatile |
| 78 | Montenegro | 0.1953 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 15.3% | falling |
| 79 | Palestine | 0.1953 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 83.8% | rising |
| 80 | Armenia | 0.1938 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 81 | Togo | 0.192 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 23.8% | volatile |
| 82 | Chile | 0.1912 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 13.6% | rising |
| 83 | Afghanistan | 0.1908 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 16.0% | volatile |
| 84 | Peru | 0.1896 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 8.2% | falling |
| 85 | Botswana | 0.1882 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 0.2% | falling |
| 86 | Turkey | 0.1859 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.9% | rising |
| 87 | Israel | 0.1849 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 44.1% | falling |
| 88 | Nepal | 0.1835 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 108.3% | volatile |
| 89 | Slovenia | 0.1834 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 39.1% | falling |
| 90 | Benin | 0.183 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 23.9% | volatile |
| 91 | Belgium | 0.1816 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 24.9% | falling |
| 92 | Burkina Faso | 0.1753 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 54.3% | volatile |
| 93 | Gambia | 0.1735 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 94 | Croatia | 0.1719 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 27.5% | falling |
| 95 | Guinea | 0.1711 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 96 | Egypt | 0.1711 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 97 | Yemen | 0.171 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 16.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Germany | 0.1708 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 26.9% | volatile |
| 99 | Georgia | 0.1701 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 100 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.1643 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 12.0% | rising |
| 101 | Haiti | 0.1635 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 18.5% | volatile |
| 102 | Dominican Republic | 0.1633 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 9.8% | rising |
| 103 | Djibouti | 0.1621 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 104 | Pakistan | 0.1607 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 105 | Finland | 0.1607 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 35.9% | volatile |
| 106 | Gabon | 0.1605 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 8.5% | volatile |
| 107 | Mauritius | 0.1599 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 11.5% | rising |
| 108 | Zambia | 0.1598 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 94.0% | volatile |
| 109 | New Zealand | 0.1593 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 35.1% | flat |
| 110 | Italy | 0.1592 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 19.2% | volatile |
| 111 | Hungary | 0.1586 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 30.1% | falling |
| 112 | Nicaragua | 0.1566 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 13.4% | volatile |
| 113 | Namibia | 0.1562 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 5.9% | flat |
| 114 | Austria | 0.1541 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 19.3% | volatile |
| 115 | Lithuania | 0.152 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 33.2% | volatile |
| 116 | Brazil | 0.1506 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 8.4% | rising |
| 117 | Philippines | 0.1488 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 7.4% | volatile |
| 118 | Romania | 0.145 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 42.4% | volatile |
| 119 | Netherlands | 0.145 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 35.6% | falling |
| 120 | Spain | 0.1441 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Ghana | 0.1426 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 122 | Cape Verde | 0.1406 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 7.9% | volatile |
| 123 | Portugal | 0.1377 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 30.3% | rising |
| 124 | El Salvador | 0.1335 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 3.3% | volatile |
| 125 | Angola | 0.1332 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 21.7% | volatile |
| 126 | Guatemala | 0.1293 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 18.0% | volatile |
| 127 | Niger | 0.1292 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 0.2% | volatile |
| 128 | Latvia | 0.1289 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 30.5% | volatile |
| 129 | Albania | 0.1244 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 29.8% | volatile |
| 130 | Sierra Leone | 0.1236 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 35.7% | falling |
| 131 | Panama | 0.1235 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 18.0% | volatile |
| 132 | Colombia | 0.1204 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 17.1% | volatile |
| 133 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.1194 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 11.6% | rising |
| 134 | Bangladesh | 0.119 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 135 | United Kingdom | 0.119 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 45.0% | falling |
| 137 | Cameroon | 0.1184 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 12.5% | volatile |
| 138 | Chad | 0.1161 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 44.0% | rising |
| 139 | Nigeria | 0.1159 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 4.4% | volatile |
| 140 | Paraguay | 0.1157 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 7.1% | volatile |
| 141 | France | 0.1105 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.9% | volatile |
| 142 | Madagascar | 0.1091 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 143 | Myanmar | 0.1087 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 93.2% | falling |
| 144 | Uruguay | 0.1086 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Kenya | 0.1079 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 17.6% | falling |
| 146 | Eswatini | 0.1072 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 147 | Singapore | 0.106 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 23.3% | volatile |
| 148 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.1057 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 101.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Central African Republic | 0.1006 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 154.3% | rising |
| 150 | Costa Rica | 0.0997 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 17.8% | volatile |
| 151 | Tanzania | 0.0994 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 4.5% | falling |
| 152 | Denmark | 0.0972 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 40.7% | rising |
| 154 | Burundi | 0.0956 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 72.8% | volatile |
| 155 | Hong Kong | 0.0862 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 35.5% | falling |
| 156 | Norway | 0.0847 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 21.5% | volatile |
| 157 | Sweden | 0.0735 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 37.6% | volatile |
| 158 | Sri Lanka | 0.0721 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 159 | Rwanda | 0.0688 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 50.2% | volatile |
| 160 | Malawi | 0.0681 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 21.4% | falling |
| 161 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.0645 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 28.3% | falling |
| 162 | Ethiopia | 0.0628 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 8.5% | rising |
| 163 | Uganda | 0.0601 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 164 | Switzerland | 0.0589 kilograms per international-$ | 2022 | down 34.1% | flat |
About this data
Annual total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), excluding land-use change, measured in kilograms per dollar of GDP (2011 international-$).