Cumulative CO₂ emissions, per unit of GDP by country
Cumulative CO₂ emissions divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
202
Highest
0.1637 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Ukraine
Lowest
0.0011 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Liechtenstein
Median
0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Years covered
65
1960–2024
Data points
11,089
What the numbers show
Cumulative CO₂ emissions, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 202 countries. The highest value is 0.1637 tonnes per US$ of GDP in Ukraine; the lowest is 0.0011 tonnes per US$ of GDP in Liechtenstein.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0.0166 tonnes per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 146.
Over the past decade 96 countries rose and 106 fell. The largest increase was in Laos (up 309.6%), and the largest decrease in Guyana (down 77.4%).
Cumulative CO₂ emissions, per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukraine | 0.1637 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.3% | volatile |
| 2 | Curacao | 0.1494 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 3 | Syria | 0.0839 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 117.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Moldova | 0.0746 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0667 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 48.5% | volatile |
| 6 | Belarus | 0.066 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 13.1% | volatile |
| 7 | Venezuela | 0.0654 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 110.0% | volatile |
| 8 | Turkmenistan | 0.062 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 35.0% | volatile |
| 9 | South Africa | 0.0569 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 18.1% | volatile |
| 10 | Russia | 0.0562 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 11 | Uzbekistan | 0.0556 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.4% | volatile |
| 12 | Libya | 0.0514 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 56.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Kazakhstan | 0.0512 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.6% | volatile |
| 14 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0486 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 53.5% | volatile |
| 15 | Iran | 0.0459 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 45.7% | volatile |
| 16 | Estonia | 0.0387 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Mongolia | 0.0362 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.4% | volatile |
| 18 | Tajikistan | 0.0359 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.4% | volatile |
| 19 | Czechia | 0.0355 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.1% | volatile |
| 20 | Palau | 0.0355 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.1% | falling |
| 21 | Azerbaijan | 0.0354 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.8% | volatile |
| 22 | Bulgaria | 0.0351 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 43.7% | volatile |
| 23 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0351 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 0.0346 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 25 | Serbia | 0.0325 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.8% | volatile |
| 26 | North Macedonia | 0.0317 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.0% | falling |
| 27 | Poland | 0.0316 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.8% | volatile |
| 28 | Lebanon | 0.0306 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 156.4% | volatile |
| 29 | Lesotho | 0.0302 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 50.9% | rising |
| 30 | Nauru | 0.0302 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.6% | volatile |
| 31 | Yemen | 0.0298 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 78.4% | flat |
| 32 | Suriname | 0.0292 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 50.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Slovakia | 0.0286 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Brunei | 0.0279 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 46.5% | volatile |
| 35 | Kuwait | 0.0241 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 38.7% | volatile |
| 36 | Bahrain | 0.0236 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 37 | Hungary | 0.0233 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.5% | volatile |
| 38 | Romania | 0.0232 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 43.0% | volatile |
| 39 | Latvia | 0.0223 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.8% | volatile |
| 40 | Jamaica | 0.022 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.4% | falling |
| 41 | United Kingdom | 0.0217 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.6% | volatile |
| 42 | Tunisia | 0.0207 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 38.1% | falling |
| 43 | Algeria | 0.0203 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 31.7% | falling |
| 44 | Germany | 0.0203 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 45 | New Caledonia | 0.0201 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 79.4% | volatile |
| 46 | Zimbabwe | 0.0201 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.7% | volatile |
| 47 | Georgia | 0.0194 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.3% | volatile |
| 48 | Belgium | 0.0192 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 49 | Egypt | 0.0192 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.4% | falling |
| 50 | Iraq | 0.0191 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 26.1% | volatile |
| 51 | Lithuania | 0.0188 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.5% | volatile |
| 52 | Nigeria | 0.0187 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 209.2% | falling |
| 53 | Aruba | 0.0182 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.3% | falling |
| 54 | India | 0.0176 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 55 | Greece | 0.0168 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.1% | falling |
| 56 | Malaysia | 0.0167 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 28.1% | volatile |
| 57 | Japan | 0.0166 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 41.1% | volatile |
| 58 | Cuba | 0.016 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 34.5% | falling |
| 59 | Canada | 0.0157 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.9% | volatile |
| 60 | Thailand | 0.0157 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.2% | rising |
| 61 | Armenia | 0.0157 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.8% | volatile |
| 62 | Oman | 0.0156 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 53.6% | rising |
| 63 | Pakistan | 0.0154 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 11.0% | falling |
| 64 | China | 0.0152 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 65 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0152 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.4% | volatile |
| 66 | United States | 0.0148 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.9% | volatile |
| 67 | Montenegro | 0.0148 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.6% | volatile |
| 68 | Laos | 0.0147 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 309.6% | rising |
| 69 | Gabon | 0.0147 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 70 | Argentina | 0.0143 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 71 | Marshall Islands | 0.0141 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 72 | Afghanistan | 0.0136 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 96.7% | falling |
| 73 | Jordan | 0.0135 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 74 | Croatia | 0.0127 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 75 | France | 0.0127 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 76 | Morocco | 0.0126 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.6% | falling |
| 77 | Slovenia | 0.0125 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 78 | Indonesia | 0.0125 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.1% | volatile |
| 79 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0124 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.1% | volatile |
| 80 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0123 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 183.7% | volatile |
| 81 | Congo | 0.0122 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 82.6% | falling |
| 82 | Mexico | 0.012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 83 | Qatar | 0.012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 60.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Vietnam | 0.0119 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.1% | volatile |
| 85 | Zambia | 0.0119 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 53.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Bolivia | 0.0117 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 87 | Australia | 0.0114 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.8% | volatile |
| 88 | Bahamas | 0.0114 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.9% | volatile |
| 89 | Albania | 0.0114 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 41.7% | volatile |
| 90 | Ecuador | 0.0112 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 16.7% | falling |
| 91 | Finland | 0.0111 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.0% | volatile |
| 92 | South Korea | 0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 18.7% | volatile |
| 93 | Liberia | 0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Italy | 0.0109 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 95 | Austria | 0.0108 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 96 | United Arab Emirates | 0.0105 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 97 | Sudan | 0.0104 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 57.1% | falling |
| 98 | Greenland | 0.0104 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.2% | volatile |
| 99 | Netherlands | 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.9% | volatile |
| 100 | Chile | 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 5.2% | volatile |
| 101 | Micronesia (country) | 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 102 | Nicaragua | 0.01 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.8% | falling |
| 103 | Denmark | 0.0099 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 104 | Myanmar | 0.0098 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 48.1% | volatile |
| 105 | Botswana | 0.0096 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 28.1% | rising |
| 106 | Turkey | 0.0095 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.9% | falling |
| 107 | Senegal | 0.0093 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 108 | Mozambique | 0.0093 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 24.7% | falling |
| 109 | Eswatini | 0.0092 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 13.8% | falling |
| 110 | Mauritania | 0.0092 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 111 | Spain | 0.0091 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.3% | volatile |
| 112 | Fiji | 0.0091 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.6% | falling |
| 113 | Colombia | 0.009 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 19.8% | volatile |
| 114 | Mauritius | 0.0089 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 31.4% | falling |
| 115 | Bhutan | 0.0089 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 116 | Portugal | 0.0088 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.3% | volatile |
| 117 | Philippines | 0.0086 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 118 | Cyprus | 0.0085 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.5% | volatile |
| 119 | Sweden | 0.0085 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 120 | Barbados | 0.0084 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 121 | Luxembourg | 0.0084 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.3% | volatile |
| 122 | Honduras | 0.0084 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.3% | falling |
| 123 | Brazil | 0.0083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 53.3% | volatile |
| 124 | Faroe Islands | 0.0083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 125 | Dominica | 0.008 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 19.0% | rising |
| 126 | New Zealand | 0.0077 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.2% | volatile |
| 127 | Tonga | 0.0076 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 128 | El Salvador | 0.0076 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 129 | Peru | 0.0074 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.0% | volatile |
| 130 | Gambia | 0.0074 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.9% | falling |
| 131 | Solomon Islands | 0.0073 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 12.5% | falling |
| 132 | Seychelles | 0.0072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 133 | Togo | 0.0072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.6% | rising |
| 134 | Angola | 0.0072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 113.1% | volatile |
| 135 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 22.2% | falling |
| 136 | Grenada | 0.0071 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.2% | falling |
| 137 | Belize | 0.007 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.6% | falling |
| 138 | Dominican Republic | 0.007 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 139 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0069 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 140 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0068 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 141 | Kiribati | 0.0068 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 142 | Samoa | 0.0066 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 143 | East Timor | 0.0065 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 65.9% | volatile |
| 144 | Madagascar | 0.0064 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.1% | flat |
| 145 | Namibia | 0.0064 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 53.2% | rising |
| 146 | Saint Lucia | 0.0063 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 147 | Cape Verde | 0.0062 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 13.2% | falling |
| 148 | Sierra Leone | 0.0061 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 55.5% | volatile |
| 149 | Benin | 0.006 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 150 | Cameroon | 0.0058 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 151 | Uruguay | 0.0058 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.5% | volatile |
| 152 | Sri Lanka | 0.0057 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 29.5% | falling |
| 153 | Norway | 0.0056 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.3% | volatile |
| 154 | French Polynesia | 0.0055 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 29.7% | rising |
| 155 | Burundi | 0.0055 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 50.9% | rising |
| 156 | Cambodia | 0.0054 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 45.5% | falling |
| 157 | Nepal | 0.0054 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 35.3% | rising |
| 158 | Eritrea | 0.0053 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 29.5% | rising |
| 159 | Tuvalu | 0.0052 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 160 | Iceland | 0.0052 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.4% | volatile |
| 161 | Ghana | 0.0051 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.9% | falling |
| 162 | Malawi | 0.0051 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 163 | Djibouti | 0.0051 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.7% | falling |
| 164 | Palestine | 0.0049 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 65.9% | rising |
| 165 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0049 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.2% | rising |
| 166 | Israel | 0.0048 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.1% | falling |
| 167 | Maldives | 0.0048 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.2% | rising |
| 168 | Guyana | 0.0048 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 77.4% | volatile |
| 169 | Comoros | 0.0047 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 42.1% | rising |
| 170 | Paraguay | 0.0047 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 42.8% | falling |
| 171 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.0046 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 172 | Kenya | 0.0046 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.3% | volatile |
| 173 | Guatemala | 0.0046 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 174 | Central African Republic | 0.0045 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.4% | falling |
| 175 | Bangladesh | 0.0044 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.8% | rising |
| 176 | Malta | 0.0044 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.4% | volatile |
| 177 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.0044 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 178 | Tanzania | 0.0044 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 179 | Hong Kong | 0.0043 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.0% | volatile |
| 180 | Vanuatu | 0.0043 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 181 | Guinea | 0.0042 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.0% | rising |
| 182 | Panama | 0.0042 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 183 | Burkina Faso | 0.0041 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 39.8% | rising |
| 184 | Andorra | 0.0041 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 185 | Singapore | 0.0039 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.4% | volatile |
| 186 | Ireland | 0.0039 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 48.1% | volatile |
| 187 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.0038 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.3% | rising |
| 188 | Mali | 0.0037 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 50.5% | falling |
| 189 | Haiti | 0.0037 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 190 | Somalia | 0.0035 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.8% | volatile |
| 191 | Bermuda | 0.0034 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.7% | volatile |
| 192 | Switzerland | 0.0033 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.8% | volatile |
| 193 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.0032 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.2% | volatile |
| 194 | Niger | 0.0031 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.5% | volatile |
| 195 | Costa Rica | 0.003 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.9% | falling |
| 196 | Chad | 0.0026 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 79.4% | falling |
| 197 | South Sudan | 0.0025 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2015 | up 80.6% | rising |
| 198 | Rwanda | 0.0025 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 199 | Uganda | 0.0024 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 6.2% | falling |
| 200 | Ethiopia | 0.0022 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.2% | volatile |
| 201 | Macao | 0.0012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 43.9% | volatile |
| 202 | Liechtenstein | 0.0011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.7% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Cumulative CO₂ emissions divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Cumulative CO₂ emissions ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Cumulative CO₂ emissions Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Cumulative CO₂ emissions divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.