emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines
Philippines: emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate was -0.2573 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
Philippines recorded -0.2573 % change on previous year for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in 2022.
The figure is down 108.1% on the previous year and down 103.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines peaked at 8.14 % change on previous year in 2012 and was at its lowest, -5.58 % change on previous year, in 2020.
That places Philippines 136th out of 219 countries with data for 2022, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 0.1531 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 0.1528 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1753 | 0.1525 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1754 | 0.152 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1755 | 0.1517 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1756 | 0.1515 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1757 | 0.151 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1758 | 0.1508 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1759 | 0.1504 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1760 | 0.1499 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1761 | 0.15 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1762 | 0.1496 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1763 | 0.1493 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1764 | 0.1489 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1765 | 0.1486 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1766 | 0.1482 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1767 | 0.1479 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1768 | 0.1474 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1769 | 0.1472 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1770 | 0.1469 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1771 | 0.1464 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1772 | 0.1461 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1773 | 0.1458 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1774 | 0.1454 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1775 | 0.1451 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1776 | 0.1447 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1777 | 0.1445 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1778 | 0.144 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1779 | 0.1437 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1780 | 0.1434 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1781 | 0.1426 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1782 | 0.1424 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1783 | 0.1419 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1784 | 0.1415 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1785 | 0.1413 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1786 | 0.1409 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1787 | 0.1404 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1788 | 0.1402 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1789 | 0.1398 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1790 | 0.1394 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1791 | 0.1385 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1792 | 0.138 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1793 | 0.1376 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1794 | 0.1373 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1795 | 0.1369 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1796 | 0.1366 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1797 | 0.1363 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1798 | 0.1359 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1799 | 0.1355 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1800 | 0.1352 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1801 | 0.1337 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1802 | 0.1333 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1803 | 0.1329 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1804 | 0.1326 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1805 | 0.1322 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1806 | 0.1319 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1807 | 0.1314 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1808 | 0.1312 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1809 | 0.1307 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1810 | 0.1304 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1811 | 0.1285 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1812 | 0.1282 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1813 | 0.1278 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1814 | 0.1273 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1815 | 0.127 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1816 | 0.1267 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1817 | 0.1262 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1818 | 0.1259 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1819 | 0.1256 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1820 | 0.1252 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1821 | 1.46 % change on previous year | +1069.2% |
| 1822 | 1.44 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1823 | 1.42 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1824 | 1.4 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1825 | 1.38 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1826 | 1.36 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1827 | 1.34 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1828 | 1.32 % change on previous year | -1.4% |
| 1829 | 1.3 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1830 | 1.28 % change on previous year | -1.3% |
| 1831 | 1.93 % change on previous year | +50.8% |
| 1832 | 1.89 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1833 | 1.85 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1834 | 1.82 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1835 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1836 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1837 | 1.72 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1838 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1839 | 1.65 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1840 | 1.62 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1841 | 1.92 % change on previous year | +18.4% |
| 1842 | 1.88 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1843 | 1.85 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1844 | 1.81 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1845 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1846 | 1.74 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1847 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1848 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1849 | 1.65 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1850 | 2.12 % change on previous year | +29.0% |
| 1851 | 1.8 % change on previous year | -15.4% |
| 1852 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1853 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1854 | 1.76 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1855 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1856 | 1.8 % change on previous year | +2.5% |
| 1857 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1858 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1859 | 1.76 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1860 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1861 | 1.8 % change on previous year | +2.3% |
| 1862 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1863 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1864 | 1.76 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1865 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1866 | 1.8 % change on previous year | +2.4% |
| 1867 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1868 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1869 | 1.76 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1870 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1871 | 1.17 % change on previous year | -33.5% |
| 1872 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1873 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1874 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1875 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1876 | 1.17 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1877 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1878 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1879 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1880 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1881 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1882 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1883 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1884 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1885 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1886 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1887 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1888 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1889 | 1.13 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1890 | 1.13 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1891 | 1.14 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1892 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1893 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1894 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1895 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1896 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1897 | 1.15 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1898 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1899 | 1.17 % change on previous year | +2.0% |
| 1900 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1901 | 2.38 % change on previous year | +104.6% |
| 1902 | 2.36 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1903 | 2.33 % change on previous year | -1.4% |
| 1904 | 2.31 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1905 | 2.28 % change on previous year | -1.4% |
| 1906 | 3.4 % change on previous year | +49.2% |
| 1907 | 3.37 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1908 | 3.32 % change on previous year | -1.3% |
| 1909 | 3.52 % change on previous year | +6.0% |
| 1910 | 3.04 % change on previous year | -13.6% |
| 1911 | 2.11 % change on previous year | -30.8% |
| 1912 | 1.83 % change on previous year | -13.1% |
| 1913 | 2.25 % change on previous year | +22.9% |
| 1914 | 2.33 % change on previous year | +3.7% |
| 1915 | 2.69 % change on previous year | +15.4% |
| 1916 | 4.57 % change on previous year | +69.6% |
| 1917 | 3.8 % change on previous year | -16.8% |
| 1918 | 4.49 % change on previous year | +18.2% |
| 1919 | 4.51 % change on previous year | +0.3% |
| 1920 | 4.58 % change on previous year | +1.7% |
| 1921 | 2.7 % change on previous year | -41.1% |
| 1922 | 3.25 % change on previous year | +20.5% |
| 1923 | 3.07 % change on previous year | -5.5% |
| 1924 | 3.13 % change on previous year | +1.9% |
| 1925 | 2.95 % change on previous year | -5.6% |
| 1926 | 2.27 % change on previous year | -23.3% |
| 1927 | 2.83 % change on previous year | +24.8% |
| 1928 | 2.85 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 1929 | 2.89 % change on previous year | +1.6% |
| 1930 | 3.03 % change on previous year | +4.8% |
| 1931 | 1.32 % change on previous year | -56.5% |
| 1932 | 1.43 % change on previous year | +8.8% |
| 1933 | 1.41 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1934 | 1.73 % change on previous year | +22.2% |
| 1935 | 1.64 % change on previous year | -5.2% |
| 1936 | 4.2 % change on previous year | +156.2% |
| 1937 | 3.08 % change on previous year | -26.5% |
| 1938 | 3.52 % change on previous year | +14.2% |
| 1939 | 2.97 % change on previous year | -15.8% |
| 1940 | 3.04 % change on previous year | +2.4% |
| 1941 | -3.62 % change on previous year | -219.2% |
| 1942 | -1.71 % change on previous year | -52.9% |
| 1943 | -1.02 % change on previous year | -40.3% |
| 1944 | -0.9859 % change on previous year | -3.1% |
| 1945 | -0.732 % change on previous year | -25.8% |
| 1946 | 5.86 % change on previous year | -901.2% |
| 1947 | 4.86 % change on previous year | -17.2% |
| 1948 | 4.23 % change on previous year | -12.8% |
| 1949 | 4.75 % change on previous year | +12.2% |
| 1950 | 7.46 % change on previous year | +57.1% |
| 1951 | 4.98 % change on previous year | -33.2% |
| 1952 | 5.23 % change on previous year | +5.0% |
| 1953 | 5.22 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1954 | 5.67 % change on previous year | +8.5% |
| 1955 | 6.04 % change on previous year | +6.6% |
| 1956 | 4.66 % change on previous year | -22.8% |
| 1957 | 5.49 % change on previous year | +17.7% |
| 1958 | 4.34 % change on previous year | -21.0% |
| 1959 | 4.36 % change on previous year | +0.6% |
| 1960 | 5.21 % change on previous year | +19.4% |
| 1961 | 4.08 % change on previous year | -21.7% |
| 1962 | 5.06 % change on previous year | +24.1% |
| 1963 | 4.49 % change on previous year | -11.3% |
| 1964 | 4.15 % change on previous year | -7.5% |
| 1965 | 3.99 % change on previous year | -3.8% |
| 1966 | 3.7 % change on previous year | -7.4% |
| 1967 | 3.25 % change on previous year | -12.1% |
| 1968 | 4.14 % change on previous year | +27.4% |
| 1969 | 2 % change on previous year | -51.6% |
| 1970 | 3.03 % change on previous year | +51.3% |
| 1971 | -0.8152 % change on previous year | -126.9% |
| 1972 | 0.8002 % change on previous year | -198.2% |
| 1973 | 2.94 % change on previous year | +267.3% |
| 1974 | 1.84 % change on previous year | -37.5% |
| 1975 | 3.4 % change on previous year | +85.4% |
| 1976 | 2.27 % change on previous year | -33.4% |
| 1977 | 3.76 % change on previous year | +65.8% |
| 1978 | 2.46 % change on previous year | -34.7% |
| 1979 | 1.44 % change on previous year | -41.5% |
| 1980 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -27.5% |
| 1981 | 0.5867 % change on previous year | -43.7% |
| 1982 | 1.59 % change on previous year | +170.8% |
| 1983 | 6.04 % change on previous year | +280.0% |
| 1984 | 2.21 % change on previous year | -63.4% |
| 1985 | 2.48 % change on previous year | +12.0% |
| 1986 | 0.0098 % change on previous year | -99.6% |
| 1987 | 3.42 % change on previous year | +34659.4% |
| 1988 | 2.97 % change on previous year | -13.0% |
| 1989 | -1.96 % change on previous year | -166.0% |
| 1990 | 4.01 % change on previous year | -304.2% |
| 1991 | -4.06 % change on previous year | -201.2% |
| 1992 | -5.03 % change on previous year | +24.1% |
| 1993 | -2.68 % change on previous year | -46.7% |
| 1994 | -2.85 % change on previous year | +6.1% |
| 1995 | -1.71 % change on previous year | -39.9% |
| 1996 | -1.33 % change on previous year | -22.4% |
| 1997 | -0.5964 % change on previous year | -55.1% |
| 1998 | -3.12 % change on previous year | +422.7% |
| 1999 | -2.24 % change on previous year | -28.0% |
| 2000 | -2.95 % change on previous year | +31.3% |
| 2001 | -0.9809 % change on previous year | -66.7% |
| 2002 | -0.496 % change on previous year | -49.4% |
| 2003 | -0.8005 % change on previous year | +61.4% |
| 2004 | 0.1231 % change on previous year | -115.4% |
| 2005 | -0.1271 % change on previous year | -203.3% |
| 2006 | 0.3163 % change on previous year | -348.8% |
| 2007 | 0.4218 % change on previous year | +33.3% |
| 2008 | 0.7687 % change on previous year | +82.3% |
| 2009 | -0.4526 % change on previous year | -158.9% |
| 2010 | 1.02 % change on previous year | -325.9% |
| 2011 | 0.6149 % change on previous year | -39.9% |
| 2012 | 8.14 % change on previous year | +1223.8% |
| 2013 | 4.28 % change on previous year | -47.5% |
| 2014 | 2.17 % change on previous year | -49.1% |
| 2015 | 2.4 % change on previous year | +10.4% |
| 2016 | 1.86 % change on previous year | -22.4% |
| 2017 | 2.03 % change on previous year | +9.0% |
| 2018 | -0.752 % change on previous year | -137.0% |
| 2019 | 0.0777 % change on previous year | -110.3% |
| 2020 | -5.58 % change on previous year | -7280.5% |
| 2021 | 3.16 % change on previous year | -156.7% |
| 2022 | -0.2573 % change on previous year | -108.1% |
Philippines compared with similar countries
- Philippines's -0.2573 % change on previous year is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is -0.0344 % change on previous year, 7.5× the median. (57 countries reporting)
- Philippines's -0.2573 % change on previous year is above the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is -1.94 % change on previous year, 13% of the median. (34 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | +34659.4% | 0.0098 % change on previous year | 3.42 % change on previous year |
| 2020 | -7280.5% | 0.0777 % change on previous year | -5.58 % change on previous year |
| 2012 | +1223.8% | 0.6149 % change on previous year | 8.14 % change on previous year |
| 1821 | +1069.2% | 0.1252 % change on previous year | 1.46 % change on previous year |
| 1946 | +901.2% | -0.732 % change on previous year | 5.86 % change on previous year |
| 1998 | -422.7% | -0.5964 % change on previous year | -3.12 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 0.1518 % change on previous year | 0.1504 % change on previous year | 0.1531 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 0.1487 % change on previous year | 0.1472 % change on previous year | 0.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 0.1453 % change on previous year | 0.1437 % change on previous year | 0.1469 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 0.1414 % change on previous year | 0.1398 % change on previous year | 0.1434 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 0.1372 % change on previous year | 0.1355 % change on previous year | 0.1394 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 0.1325 % change on previous year | 0.1307 % change on previous year | 0.1352 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 0.1274 % change on previous year | 0.1256 % change on previous year | 0.1304 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 1.25 % change on previous year | 0.1252 % change on previous year | 1.46 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 1.74 % change on previous year | 1.28 % change on previous year | 1.93 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 1.76 % change on previous year | 1.62 % change on previous year | 1.92 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 1.81 % change on previous year | 1.75 % change on previous year | 2.12 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 1.77 % change on previous year | 1.75 % change on previous year | 1.8 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 1.22 % change on previous year | 1.14 % change on previous year | 1.75 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 1.14 % change on previous year | 1.13 % change on previous year | 1.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 1.14 % change on previous year | 1.13 % change on previous year | 1.17 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 2.64 % change on previous year | 1.16 % change on previous year | 3.52 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | 3.16 % change on previous year | 1.83 % change on previous year | 4.57 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 3.05 % change on previous year | 2.27 % change on previous year | 4.58 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 2.43 % change on previous year | 1.32 % change on previous year | 4.2 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | 1.47 % change on previous year | -3.62 % change on previous year | 5.86 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | 5.34 % change on previous year | 4.34 % change on previous year | 7.46 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | 4.01 % change on previous year | 2 % change on previous year | 5.21 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.11 % change on previous year | -0.8152 % change on previous year | 3.76 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.84 % change on previous year | -1.96 % change on previous year | 6.04 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | -1.96 % change on previous year | -5.03 % change on previous year | 4.01 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | -0.4175 % change on previous year | -2.95 % change on previous year | 0.7687 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.18 % change on previous year | -0.752 % change on previous year | 8.14 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | -0.8906 % change on previous year | -5.58 % change on previous year | 3.16 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near Philippines
- 133 Bhutan -0.226 % change on previous year compare
- 134 Libya -0.2458 % change on previous year compare
- 135 Bermuda -0.2465 % change on previous year compare
- 137 Cambodia -0.2825 % change on previous year compare
- 138 Nepal -0.3259 % change on previous year compare
- 139 Western Sahara -0.3287 % change on previous year compare
More climate change data for Philippines
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 1.23 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 32,008 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 8,832 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 23,176 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 33.33 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 827.72 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 49,858 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 8,936 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 40,922 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 33.72 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines?
- Emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Philippines was -0.2573 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Philippines?
- The highest recorded value was 8.14 % change on previous year in 2012.
- What is the lowest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Philippines?
- The lowest recorded value was -5.58 % change on previous year in 2020.
- How does Philippines rank for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate?
- Philippines ranks 136th out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate rising or falling in Philippines?
- Over the last ten years it is down 103.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Philippines data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 272 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- emissions of air pollutants Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.