emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe: emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate was 0.1219 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
Zimbabwe recorded 0.1219 % change on previous year for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in 2022.
That represents a change of down 93.6% on the previous year and down 95.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe peaked at 15.05 % change on previous year in 1964 and was at its lowest, -1.74 % change on previous year, in 1994.
Zimbabwe ranks 120th of 219 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 1.78 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1753 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1754 | 1.69 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1755 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1756 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1757 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1758 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1759 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1760 | 1.53 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1761 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.4% |
| 1762 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1763 | 1.72 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1764 | 1.69 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1765 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1766 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1767 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1768 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1769 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1770 | 1.53 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1771 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.4% |
| 1772 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1773 | 1.72 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1774 | 1.69 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1775 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1776 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1777 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1778 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1779 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1780 | 1.53 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1781 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.4% |
| 1782 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1783 | 1.72 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1784 | 1.69 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1785 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1786 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1787 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1788 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1789 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1790 | 1.53 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1791 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.4% |
| 1792 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1793 | 1.72 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1794 | 1.69 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1795 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1796 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1797 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1798 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1799 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1800 | 1.53 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1801 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.5% |
| 1802 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1803 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1804 | 1.69 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1805 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1806 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1807 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1808 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1809 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1810 | 1.53 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1811 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.5% |
| 1812 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1813 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1814 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1815 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1816 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1817 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1818 | 1.57 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1819 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1820 | 1.52 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1821 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.5% |
| 1822 | 1.74 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1823 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1824 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1825 | 1.65 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1826 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1827 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1828 | 1.57 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1829 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1830 | 1.52 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1831 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +16.6% |
| 1832 | 1.74 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1833 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1834 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1835 | 1.65 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1836 | 1.63 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1837 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1838 | 1.57 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1839 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1840 | 1.52 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1841 | 1.77 % change on previous year | +16.6% |
| 1842 | 1.74 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1843 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1844 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1845 | 1.65 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1846 | 1.62 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1847 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1848 | 1.57 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1849 | 1.54 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1850 | 1.52 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1851 | 2.67 % change on previous year | +76.0% |
| 1852 | 2.67 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1853 | 2.67 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1854 | 2.67 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1855 | 2.67 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1856 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1857 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1858 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1859 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1860 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1861 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1862 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1863 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1864 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1865 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1866 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1867 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1868 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1869 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1870 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1871 | 2.86 % change on previous year | +6.8% |
| 1872 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -6.4% |
| 1873 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1874 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1875 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1876 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1877 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1878 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1879 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1880 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1881 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1882 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1883 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1884 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1885 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1886 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1887 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1888 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1889 | 2.68 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1890 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1891 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1892 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1893 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1894 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1895 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1896 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1897 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1898 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1899 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1900 | 2.68 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1901 | 2.74 % change on previous year | +2.1% |
| 1902 | 2.74 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1903 | 3.16 % change on previous year | +15.5% |
| 1904 | 2.83 % change on previous year | -10.5% |
| 1905 | 3.05 % change on previous year | +7.5% |
| 1906 | 2.78 % change on previous year | -8.8% |
| 1907 | 2.8 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 1908 | 3.09 % change on previous year | +10.4% |
| 1909 | 2.74 % change on previous year | -11.1% |
| 1910 | 2.75 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 1911 | 2.92 % change on previous year | +6.3% |
| 1912 | 2.7 % change on previous year | -7.7% |
| 1913 | 2.85 % change on previous year | +5.7% |
| 1914 | 3.38 % change on previous year | +18.7% |
| 1915 | 3.03 % change on previous year | -10.4% |
| 1916 | 3.15 % change on previous year | +4.0% |
| 1917 | 2.98 % change on previous year | -5.5% |
| 1918 | 2.28 % change on previous year | -23.6% |
| 1919 | 2.74 % change on previous year | +20.6% |
| 1920 | 3 % change on previous year | +9.3% |
| 1921 | 4.94 % change on previous year | +64.8% |
| 1922 | 4.6 % change on previous year | -7.0% |
| 1923 | 5.32 % change on previous year | +15.7% |
| 1924 | 4.89 % change on previous year | -8.2% |
| 1925 | 5.12 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1926 | 5.41 % change on previous year | +5.7% |
| 1927 | 4.57 % change on previous year | -15.4% |
| 1928 | 5.23 % change on previous year | +14.3% |
| 1929 | 4.13 % change on previous year | -21.1% |
| 1930 | 3.95 % change on previous year | -4.3% |
| 1931 | 2.88 % change on previous year | -27.1% |
| 1932 | 3.64 % change on previous year | +26.6% |
| 1933 | 4.3 % change on previous year | +18.1% |
| 1934 | 4.62 % change on previous year | +7.3% |
| 1935 | 4.17 % change on previous year | -9.7% |
| 1936 | 4.02 % change on previous year | -3.6% |
| 1937 | 5.04 % change on previous year | +25.5% |
| 1938 | 4.03 % change on previous year | -20.1% |
| 1939 | 4.14 % change on previous year | +2.7% |
| 1940 | 4.32 % change on previous year | +4.5% |
| 1941 | 4.55 % change on previous year | +5.3% |
| 1942 | 4.55 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1943 | 4.64 % change on previous year | +1.8% |
| 1944 | 4.14 % change on previous year | -10.7% |
| 1945 | 3.75 % change on previous year | -9.5% |
| 1946 | 3.89 % change on previous year | +3.8% |
| 1947 | 3.76 % change on previous year | -3.3% |
| 1948 | 4.28 % change on previous year | +13.7% |
| 1949 | 4.27 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1950 | 0.5337 % change on previous year | -87.5% |
| 1951 | 2.03 % change on previous year | +279.9% |
| 1952 | 1.95 % change on previous year | -3.9% |
| 1953 | 1.86 % change on previous year | -4.4% |
| 1954 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1955 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -5.1% |
| 1956 | 1.6 % change on previous year | -5.1% |
| 1957 | 1.51 % change on previous year | -5.1% |
| 1958 | 1.44 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1959 | 1.38 % change on previous year | -4.4% |
| 1960 | 1.32 % change on previous year | -4.0% |
| 1961 | 0.6961 % change on previous year | -47.3% |
| 1962 | 0.6152 % change on previous year | -11.6% |
| 1963 | 0.3052 % change on previous year | -50.4% |
| 1964 | 15.05 % change on previous year | +4832.2% |
| 1965 | 4.47 % change on previous year | -70.3% |
| 1966 | 2.94 % change on previous year | -34.3% |
| 1967 | 0.9918 % change on previous year | -66.2% |
| 1968 | 4.22 % change on previous year | +325.7% |
| 1969 | 2.89 % change on previous year | -31.5% |
| 1970 | 4.26 % change on previous year | +47.2% |
| 1971 | 2.17 % change on previous year | -49.1% |
| 1972 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -47.6% |
| 1973 | 4.93 % change on previous year | +333.6% |
| 1974 | -1.58 % change on previous year | -132.1% |
| 1975 | 3.51 % change on previous year | -321.4% |
| 1976 | 2.14 % change on previous year | -39.1% |
| 1977 | 1.31 % change on previous year | -38.9% |
| 1978 | 2.62 % change on previous year | +100.7% |
| 1979 | 1.72 % change on previous year | -34.5% |
| 1980 | 6.13 % change on previous year | +257.0% |
| 1981 | 1.54 % change on previous year | -74.8% |
| 1982 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +16.2% |
| 1983 | 2.91 % change on previous year | +62.3% |
| 1984 | -0.1063 % change on previous year | -103.7% |
| 1985 | 4.25 % change on previous year | -4096.5% |
| 1986 | 2.11 % change on previous year | -50.3% |
| 1987 | 2.58 % change on previous year | +22.1% |
| 1988 | 1.95 % change on previous year | -24.5% |
| 1989 | 2.26 % change on previous year | +16.1% |
| 1990 | 5.78 % change on previous year | +155.8% |
| 1991 | 1.2 % change on previous year | -79.3% |
| 1992 | 3.28 % change on previous year | +174.4% |
| 1993 | -0.7501 % change on previous year | -122.8% |
| 1994 | -1.74 % change on previous year | +132.3% |
| 1995 | 2.55 % change on previous year | -246.5% |
| 1996 | 0.635 % change on previous year | -75.1% |
| 1997 | -0.0313 % change on previous year | -104.9% |
| 1998 | 1.03 % change on previous year | -3401.0% |
| 1999 | 3.73 % change on previous year | +260.4% |
| 2000 | 0.0008 % change on previous year | -100.0% |
| 2001 | -1.58 % change on previous year | -195598.9% |
| 2002 | -0.2842 % change on previous year | -82.0% |
| 2003 | 0.313 % change on previous year | -210.1% |
| 2004 | -1.09 % change on previous year | -447.1% |
| 2005 | 0.8883 % change on previous year | -181.8% |
| 2006 | 3.41 % change on previous year | +283.6% |
| 2007 | 2.25 % change on previous year | -34.1% |
| 2008 | -0.0708 % change on previous year | -103.2% |
| 2009 | 2.07 % change on previous year | -3019.6% |
| 2010 | 1.34 % change on previous year | -35.2% |
| 2011 | 2.33 % change on previous year | +73.8% |
| 2012 | 2.64 % change on previous year | +13.5% |
| 2013 | 0.9806 % change on previous year | -62.9% |
| 2014 | 2.05 % change on previous year | +109.4% |
| 2015 | 1.62 % change on previous year | -20.9% |
| 2016 | 1.58 % change on previous year | -2.8% |
| 2017 | 2.19 % change on previous year | +39.1% |
| 2018 | 2.69 % change on previous year | +22.6% |
| 2019 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -58.5% |
| 2020 | 1.21 % change on previous year | +8.3% |
| 2021 | 1.91 % change on previous year | +58.1% |
| 2022 | 0.1219 % change on previous year | -93.6% |
Zimbabwe compared with similar countries
- Zimbabwe's 0.1219 % change on previous year is below the median for lower middle income countries, which is 0.5856 % change on previous year, 21% of the median. (46 countries reporting)
- Zimbabwe's 0.1219 % change on previous year is below the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 0.9871 % change on previous year, 12% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | -195598.9% | 0.0008 % change on previous year | -1.58 % change on previous year |
| 1964 | +4832.2% | 0.3052 % change on previous year | 15.05 % change on previous year |
| 1985 | +4096.5% | -0.1063 % change on previous year | 4.25 % change on previous year |
| 1998 | +3401.0% | -0.0313 % change on previous year | 1.03 % change on previous year |
| 2009 | +3019.6% | -0.0708 % change on previous year | 2.07 % change on previous year |
| 2004 | -447.1% | 0.313 % change on previous year | -1.09 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 1.66 % change on previous year | 1.55 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 1.65 % change on previous year | 1.53 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 1.65 % change on previous year | 1.53 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 1.65 % change on previous year | 1.53 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 1.65 % change on previous year | 1.53 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 1.65 % change on previous year | 1.53 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 1.65 % change on previous year | 1.53 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 1.64 % change on previous year | 1.52 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 1.64 % change on previous year | 1.52 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 1.64 % change on previous year | 1.52 % change on previous year | 1.77 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 2.56 % change on previous year | 1.52 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 2.69 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.86 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 2.86 % change on previous year | 2.68 % change on previous year | 3.16 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | 2.88 % change on previous year | 2.28 % change on previous year | 3.38 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 4.72 % change on previous year | 3 % change on previous year | 5.41 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 4.08 % change on previous year | 2.88 % change on previous year | 5.04 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | 4.22 % change on previous year | 3.75 % change on previous year | 4.64 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | 1.58 % change on previous year | 0.5337 % change on previous year | 2.03 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | 3.35 % change on previous year | 0.3052 % change on previous year | 15.05 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.22 % change on previous year | -1.58 % change on previous year | 4.93 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | 2.54 % change on previous year | -0.1063 % change on previous year | 6.13 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.57 % change on previous year | -1.74 % change on previous year | 5.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.5901 % change on previous year | -1.58 % change on previous year | 3.41 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.86 % change on previous year | 0.9806 % change on previous year | 2.69 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.08 % change on previous year | 0.1219 % change on previous year | 1.91 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near Zimbabwe
- 117 Rwanda 0.1607 % change on previous year compare
- 118 Chile 0.1369 % change on previous year compare
- 119 Tajikistan 0.1296 % change on previous year compare
- 121 Iceland 0.0825 % change on previous year compare
- 122 Spain 0.0396 % change on previous year compare
- 123 Canada 0.0226 % change on previous year compare
More climate change data for Zimbabwe
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 178.46 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 17,716 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 5,805 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 11,912 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 21.9 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 425.42 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 1,483 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 1,345 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 137.94 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 5.08 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe?
- Emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Zimbabwe was 0.1219 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Zimbabwe?
- The highest recorded value was 15.05 % change on previous year in 1964.
- What is the lowest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Zimbabwe?
- The lowest recorded value was -1.74 % change on previous year in 1994.
- How does Zimbabwe rank for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate?
- Zimbabwe ranks 120th out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate rising or falling in Zimbabwe?
- Over the last ten years it is down 95.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Zimbabwe data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 272 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- emissions of air pollutants Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.