Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use, per square kilometre by country
Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
203
Highest
0 °C per square kilometre
Bahrain
Lowest
0 °C per square kilometre
Greenland
Median
0 °C per square kilometre
Years covered
64
1961–2024
Data points
11,814
What the numbers show
Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use, per square kilometre is currently reported for 203 countries. The highest value is 0 °C per square kilometre in Bahrain; the lowest is 0 °C per square kilometre in Greenland.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 °C per square kilometre, and the mean is 0 °C per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 47,961.
Over the past decade 196 countries rose and 7 fell. The largest increase was in Laos (up 159.0%), and the largest decrease in Syria (down 16.6%).
Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use … square: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bahrain | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.1% | rising |
| 2 | Singapore | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Hong Kong | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.0% | volatile |
| 4 | Macao | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.6% | volatile |
| 5 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 6 | Curacao | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 7 | Bermuda | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.3% | volatile |
| 8 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.5% | volatile |
| 9 | Belgium | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 10 | Aruba | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.9% | volatile |
| 11 | Kuwait | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 12 | Qatar | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.3% | volatile |
| 13 | Netherlands | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 14 | Malta | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.2% | volatile |
| 15 | United Kingdom | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1.7% | rising |
| 16 | Luxembourg | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 17 | Germany | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 18 | Nauru | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.9% | volatile |
| 19 | South Korea | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 40.2% | volatile |
| 20 | Japan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.0% | volatile |
| 21 | Barbados | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Czechia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 23 | Israel | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 24 | Maldives | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 103.9% | volatile |
| 25 | Brunei | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.4% | volatile |
| 26 | United Arab Emirates | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.9% | volatile |
| 27 | Denmark | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.1% | rising |
| 28 | Poland | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 29 | Lebanon | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 38.4% | volatile |
| 30 | Italy | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 31 | Slovakia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 32 | Mauritius | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 33.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Switzerland | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 34 | France | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 35 | Austria | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 36 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.4% | volatile |
| 37 | Liechtenstein | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Hungary | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 39 | Ukraine | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 40 | North Korea | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 41 | Slovenia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 42 | United States | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 43 | Jamaica | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 44 | Seychelles | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 49.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Romania | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 46 | Moldova | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 47 | Bulgaria | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 48 | Andorra | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.0% | volatile |
| 49 | Cyprus | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 42.5% | volatile |
| 50 | British Virgin Islands | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 42.3% | volatile |
| 51 | Estonia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 52 | Azerbaijan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.8% | rising |
| 53 | Greece | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.5% | volatile |
| 54 | China | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 54.9% | volatile |
| 55 | Iraq | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 59.4% | rising |
| 56 | Serbia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 57 | Portugal | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.7% | volatile |
| 58 | Grenada | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.5% | volatile |
| 59 | Spain | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Saint Lucia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.8% | volatile |
| 61 | Ireland | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.7% | volatile |
| 62 | India | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 51.3% | volatile |
| 63 | Vietnam | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 68.0% | volatile |
| 64 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 52.1% | volatile |
| 65 | Lithuania | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 66 | Belarus | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 67 | Bangladesh | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 55.4% | volatile |
| 68 | Equatorial Guinea | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 0.1% | volatile |
| 69 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.2% | volatile |
| 70 | Malaysia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 46.2% | volatile |
| 71 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.1% | rising |
| 72 | Palau | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 0.3% | falling |
| 73 | Dominican Republic | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 42.9% | volatile |
| 74 | Croatia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 75 | Nigeria | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 76 | North Macedonia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 77 | South Africa | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.3% | volatile |
| 78 | Faroe Islands | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 79 | Turkey | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 53.5% | volatile |
| 80 | Thailand | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.1% | volatile |
| 81 | Cuba | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 82 | Haiti | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.1% | rising |
| 83 | Marshall Islands | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 84 | Iran | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 34.9% | volatile |
| 85 | Uzbekistan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 86 | El Salvador | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 87 | Bahamas | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.9% | volatile |
| 88 | Philippines | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 47.8% | volatile |
| 89 | Indonesia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 56.0% | volatile |
| 90 | Sri Lanka | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.3% | rising |
| 91 | Comoros | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 38.0% | volatile |
| 92 | Armenia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.0% | rising |
| 93 | Latvia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 9.0% | rising |
| 94 | Syria | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 16.6% | volatile |
| 95 | Mexico | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.3% | volatile |
| 96 | Tuvalu | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 56.1% | volatile |
| 97 | Albania | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 98 | Sweden | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 99 | Venezuela | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 100 | Georgia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 101 | Oman | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.7% | volatile |
| 102 | Rwanda | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.1% | rising |
| 103 | Finland | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 104 | Jordan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 46.0% | volatile |
| 105 | Pakistan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 40.6% | volatile |
| 106 | Saudi Arabia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 42.2% | volatile |
| 107 | Guatemala | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.5% | volatile |
| 108 | Montenegro | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 109 | Tonga | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.5% | volatile |
| 110 | Dominica | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.0% | volatile |
| 111 | Tunisia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Egypt | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.5% | volatile |
| 113 | Ecuador | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 28.3% | volatile |
| 114 | New Zealand | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 115 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.7% | volatile |
| 116 | Norway | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 117 | French Polynesia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.4% | volatile |
| 118 | Costa Rica | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.1% | volatile |
| 119 | Russia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 120 | Burundi | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 121 | Turkmenistan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.0% | rising |
| 122 | New Caledonia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 41.9% | volatile |
| 123 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 74.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Morocco | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 39.8% | volatile |
| 125 | Micronesia (country) | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.4% | rising |
| 126 | Togo | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 38.9% | volatile |
| 127 | Kazakhstan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 128 | Panama | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 38.2% | volatile |
| 129 | Chile | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.3% | rising |
| 130 | Gabon | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.0% | volatile |
| 131 | Colombia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.3% | volatile |
| 132 | Uganda | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 133 | Gambia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.7% | volatile |
| 134 | Cape Verde | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 28.3% | volatile |
| 135 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 136 | Ghana | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 64.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Honduras | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.8% | volatile |
| 138 | Nepal | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 39.5% | rising |
| 139 | Kiribati | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 34.1% | volatile |
| 140 | Fiji | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.4% | volatile |
| 141 | Canada | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 142 | Tajikistan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 28.7% | rising |
| 143 | Lesotho | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.2% | volatile |
| 144 | East Timor | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 34.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Algeria | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 146 | Congo | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 15.5% | volatile |
| 147 | Uruguay | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 148 | Samoa | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 33.5% | volatile |
| 149 | Argentina | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 150 | Brazil | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 26.7% | volatile |
| 151 | Eswatini | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.4% | rising |
| 152 | Malawi | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.9% | volatile |
| 153 | Sierra Leone | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.1% | rising |
| 154 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.9% | volatile |
| 155 | Benin | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 55.5% | volatile |
| 156 | Australia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.9% | rising |
| 157 | Zimbabwe | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 15.0% | rising |
| 158 | Djibouti | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.0% | volatile |
| 159 | Cameroon | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 15.7% | volatile |
| 160 | Yemen | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 3.8% | volatile |
| 161 | Kenya | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.7% | volatile |
| 162 | Libya | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 163 | Angola | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | down 2.9% | volatile |
| 164 | Cambodia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 67.7% | volatile |
| 165 | Senegal | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.1% | volatile |
| 166 | Nicaragua | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.2% | volatile |
| 167 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.8% | volatile |
| 168 | Ethiopia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 39.7% | rising |
| 169 | Liberia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.4% | volatile |
| 170 | Peru | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 171 | Myanmar | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.4% | rising |
| 172 | Bhutan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 51.7% | volatile |
| 173 | Guinea | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.9% | volatile |
| 174 | Burkina Faso | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.1% | volatile |
| 175 | Belize | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 36.0% | volatile |
| 176 | Iceland | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.6% | volatile |
| 177 | Laos | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 159.0% | volatile |
| 178 | Tanzania | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 47.5% | volatile |
| 179 | Mozambique | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 79.3% | rising |
| 180 | Zambia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 181 | Mongolia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 131.9% | volatile |
| 182 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 49.5% | volatile |
| 183 | Eritrea | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.3% | rising |
| 184 | Madagascar | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 47.2% | volatile |
| 185 | Vanuatu | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 38.6% | volatile |
| 186 | Somalia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.7% | volatile |
| 187 | Paraguay | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 39.2% | volatile |
| 188 | Suriname | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.1% | volatile |
| 189 | Sudan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.1% | rising |
| 190 | Bolivia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.3% | rising |
| 191 | Solomon Islands | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.9% | volatile |
| 192 | Papua New Guinea | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 35.0% | volatile |
| 193 | Guyana | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.3% | rising |
| 194 | Afghanistan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 71.3% | volatile |
| 195 | South Sudan | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.5% | rising |
| 196 | Botswana | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 52.8% | volatile |
| 197 | Chad | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 40.3% | volatile |
| 198 | Central African Republic | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 27.1% | volatile |
| 199 | Mali | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 61.8% | volatile |
| 200 | Mauritania | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 44.9% | volatile |
| 201 | Namibia | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 64.6% | volatile |
| 202 | Niger | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 53.2% | rising |
| 203 | Greenland | 0 °C per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.7% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Global warming contributions from fossil fuels and land use divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.