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Greenhouse Gas Footprints (GHGFP) 2025 edition: Principal indicators — Demand-based emissions by country

The Greenhouse Gas emissions Footprints Indicators are calculated by combining the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Tables and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions databases, such as Air Emissions Accounts. Production-based emissions are estimated according to the residence principle. They refer to the GHG emitted...

Countries reporting
66
Highest
0.448 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
Senegal
Lowest
0.114 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
Luxembourg
Median
0.2275 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
Years covered
28
1995–2022
Data points
2,234

What the numbers show

Greenhouse Gas Footprints (GHGFP) 2025 edition: Principal indicators — Demand-based emissions is currently reported for 66 countries. The highest value is 0.448 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar in Senegal; the lowest is 0.114 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar in Luxembourg.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.2275 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar, and the mean is 0.2377 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 4.

Over the past decade 2 countries rose and 64 fell. The largest increase was in United Arab Emirates (up 19.8%), and the largest decrease in Ireland (down 63.8%).

Greenhouse Gas Footprints (GHGFP) 2025 edition: Principal indicators: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Senegal 0.448 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 25.2% falling
2 Cambodia 0.427 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 20.2% volatile
3 Pakistan 0.426 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 8.4% falling
4 South Africa 0.405 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 35.4% falling
5 China (People’s Republic of) 0.401 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 38.4% falling
6 Kazakhstan 0.379 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 39.9% falling
7 Myanmar 0.377 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 23.8% volatile
8 Ukraine 0.369 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 53.7% volatile
9 Jordan 0.361 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 27.1% falling
10 Morocco 0.333 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 20.7% falling
11 New Zealand 0.299 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 43.6% falling
12 United Arab Emirates 0.296 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 up 19.8% falling
13 Australia 0.294 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 51.7% falling
14 Saudi Arabia 0.286 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 17.3% flat
15 India 0.284 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 41.4% falling
16 Belarus 0.28 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 38.5% volatile
17 Philippines 0.277 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 15.0% falling
18 Cameroon 0.274 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 43.9% falling
19 Russia 0.268 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 47.9% volatile
20 Tunisia 0.264 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 23.0% falling
21 Canada 0.259 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 47.4% falling
21 Brazil 0.259 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 33.2% falling
23 Thailand 0.257 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 25.9% falling
23 Cyprus 0.257 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 38.2% falling
25 Greece 0.247 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 44.9% falling
26 Mexico 0.245 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 34.3% falling
27 Argentina 0.239 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 37.3% falling
28 Israel 0.238 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 46.9% falling
29 Brunei Darussalam 0.236 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 up 18.6% flat
30 Indonesia 0.235 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 31.9% falling
31 Sao Tome and Principe 0.23 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 48.5% falling
32 Japan 0.229 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 37.8% falling
33 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.228 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 57.1% falling
34 Malaysia 0.227 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 32.0% falling
35 Bulgaria 0.216 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 46.1% falling
36 Peru 0.215 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 35.2% falling
36 Egypt 0.215 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 31.3% falling
38 Chile 0.212 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 33.1% falling
39 Iceland 0.211 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 26.5% falling
40 Czechia 0.2 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 46.7% falling
41 Bangladesh 0.198 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 36.3% falling
41 Nigeria 0.198 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 7.9% volatile
43 Germany 0.197 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 39.6% falling
44 Chinese Taipei 0.191 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 33.2% falling
44 Belgium 0.191 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 45.1% falling
46 Finland 0.19 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 46.0% falling
47 Côte d’Ivoire 0.187 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 48.3% falling
48 Angola 0.182 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 43.8% falling
49 Colombia 0.18 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 45.5% falling
49 Italy 0.18 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 37.5% falling
51 Hungary 0.179 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 33.2% falling
52 Austria 0.173 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 37.5% falling
53 Romania 0.169 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 46.9% volatile
54 Costa Rica 0.167 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 44.7% falling
55 Switzerland 0.166 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 42.4% falling
55 Spain 0.166 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 37.8% falling
57 Hong Kong (China) 0.161 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 39.7% falling
58 Portugal 0.16 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 40.7% falling
59 France 0.155 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 42.6% falling
60 Denmark 0.149 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 48.4% falling
61 Singapore 0.148 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 33.0% falling
62 Malta 0.129 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 56.0% falling
63 Sweden 0.127 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 47.7% falling
64 Norway 0.116 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 54.3% falling
65 Ireland 0.114 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 63.8% falling
65 Luxembourg 0.114 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar 2022 down 43.8% falling

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

  • United States 0.292 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Korea 0.269 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Estonia 0.249 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Poland 0.224 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Latvia 0.223 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Lithuania 0.211 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Slovak Republic 0.207 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Türkiye 0.203 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Croatia 0.198 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Slovenia 0.185 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • United Kingdom 0.182 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
  • Netherlands 0.158 Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar

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Greenhouse Gas Footprints (GHGFP) 2025 edition: Principal indicators by country. Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 22 August 2026, from https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/greenhouse-gas-footprints-ghgfp-2025-edition-principal-indicators-demand-based-emissions/

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<a href="https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/greenhouse-gas-footprints-ghgfp-2025-edition-principal-indicators-demand-based-emissions/">Greenhouse Gas Footprints (GHGFP) 2025 edition: Principal indicators by country</a> — Statizoid

About this data

Indicator
Greenhouse Gas Footprints (GHGFP) 2025 edition: Principal indicators — Demand-based emissions
Unit
Kilogrammes of CO2-equivalent per US dollar
Source
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence
OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
80 places, 2,234 data points, 1995–2022
Last refreshed

The Greenhouse Gas emissions Footprints Indicators are calculated by combining the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Tables and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions databases, such as Air Emissions Accounts. Production-based emissions are estimated according to the residence principle. They refer to the GHG emitted from the resident economic activities and households of a country. Demand-based emissions encompass GHG emissions from the resident households of a country, as well as direct and indirect upstream emissions from its final expenditure of final goods and services. • Methodology: Measuring Greenhouse Gas Footprints in Global Production Networks • Note: Additional information on GHG FP indicators 2025 edition • Contact: icio-tiva.contact@oecd.org. Related datasets •GHG 2025 edition Access to other editions • GHGFP editions