IPPU — Emissions (CO2), per square kilometre by country
IPPU — Emissions (CO2) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
186
Highest
15.04 kt per square kilometre
Singapore
Lowest
0 kt per square kilometre
Central African Republic
Median
0.0092 kt per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
10,734
What the numbers show
IPPU — Emissions (CO2), per square kilometre is currently reported for 186 countries. The highest value is 15.04 kt per square kilometre in Singapore; the lowest is 0 kt per square kilometre in Central African Republic.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0092 kt per square kilometre, and the mean is 0.1658 kt per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 103 countries rose and 83 fell. The largest increase was in Cambodia (up 1,005.6%), and the largest decrease in Marshall Islands (down 97.4%).
IPPU — Emissions (CO2), per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 15.04 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.5% | volatile |
| 2 | Bahrain | 4.86 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.2% | volatile |
| 3 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2.51 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.9% | volatile |
| 4 | Monaco | 2.4 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 5 | Qatar | 1.38 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.7% | volatile |
| 6 | Kuwait | 0.3721 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 7 | United Arab Emirates | 0.2591 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.5% | volatile |
| 8 | Barbados | 0.2535 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.3% | volatile |
| 9 | Belgium | 0.2345 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.8% | falling |
| 10 | Vietnam | 0.1787 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.4% | volatile |
| 11 | Luxembourg | 0.1771 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 12 | Japan | 0.1591 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 13 | San Marino | 0.1352 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.1% | rising |
| 14 | China | 0.1277 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.3% | volatile |
| 15 | Israel | 0.1215 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.2% | rising |
| 16 | Cyprus | 0.0962 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.0% | rising |
| 17 | Lebanon | 0.0925 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 62.9% | volatile |
| 18 | India | 0.0868 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.3% | volatile |
| 19 | Germany | 0.0864 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 20 | Slovakia | 0.0709 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 21 | Malaysia | 0.07 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.1% | volatile |
| 22 | Thailand | 0.0636 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.5% | volatile |
| 23 | Turkey | 0.057 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Switzerland | 0.0557 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 25 | Austria | 0.0494 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.6% | flat |
| 26 | Dominican Republic | 0.0494 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.9% | volatile |
| 27 | Albania | 0.0471 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Italy | 0.046 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.6% | falling |
| 29 | Oman | 0.0439 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Egypt | 0.0429 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.6% | volatile |
| 31 | Poland | 0.0421 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 32 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0416 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.1% | volatile |
| 33 | United Kingdom | 0.038 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.3% | falling |
| 34 | Jamaica | 0.0373 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 35 | Sri Lanka | 0.037 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 195.4% | volatile |
| 36 | Philippines | 0.0359 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.0% | volatile |
| 37 | Slovenia | 0.0359 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.8% | falling |
| 38 | Czechia | 0.0346 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 39 | Cambodia | 0.0344 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1,005.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Hungary | 0.0331 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 41 | Pakistan | 0.0315 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 42 | Portugal | 0.0313 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.0% | rising |
| 43 | Iraq | 0.0309 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 151.9% | volatile |
| 44 | Denmark | 0.0307 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.4% | falling |
| 45 | Greece | 0.0299 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.3% | rising |
| 46 | Brunei | 0.029 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 47 | Ireland | 0.0289 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.8% | rising |
| 48 | North Macedonia | 0.0284 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.2% | rising |
| 49 | France | 0.0278 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 50 | Indonesia | 0.0276 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Croatia | 0.0275 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 26.0% | flat |
| 52 | Bangladesh | 0.0272 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.8% | volatile |
| 53 | Spain | 0.027 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.1% | rising |
| 54 | Romania | 0.0262 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.4% | falling |
| 55 | Lithuania | 0.0257 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 25.4% | rising |
| 56 | Tunisia | 0.0257 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.9% | volatile |
| 57 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.025 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 25.5% | volatile |
| 58 | Serbia | 0.0246 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.3% | falling |
| 59 | Bulgaria | 0.0238 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 60 | Georgia | 0.0229 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 61 | Norway | 0.0222 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.0% | falling |
| 62 | Andorra | 0.0221 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.8% | rising |
| 63 | Armenia | 0.0215 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 112.8% | rising |
| 64 | Laos | 0.0212 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 483.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Moldova | 0.0205 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.6% | rising |
| 66 | Jordan | 0.02 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.7% | volatile |
| 67 | Belarus | 0.0199 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.7% | rising |
| 68 | Malta | 0.0194 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.2% | rising |
| 69 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0191 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.2% | rising |
| 70 | El Salvador | 0.019 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.2% | volatile |
| 71 | Mauritius | 0.0189 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.5% | volatile |
| 72 | Togo | 0.0178 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 98.0% | volatile |
| 73 | Bhutan | 0.0178 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.2% | volatile |
| 74 | Tajikistan | 0.0169 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 308.3% | volatile |
| 75 | Nigeria | 0.0166 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.8% | volatile |
| 76 | Nepal | 0.0163 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.4% | volatile |
| 77 | Senegal | 0.0163 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.2% | volatile |
| 78 | Azerbaijan | 0.0161 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.8% | rising |
| 79 | Maldives | 0.0159 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 63.8% | volatile |
| 80 | Iceland | 0.0159 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 81 | Uzbekistan | 0.0153 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 82 | United States | 0.015 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 83 | Liechtenstein | 0.014 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.4% | rising |
| 84 | Rwanda | 0.0139 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 502.5% | volatile |
| 85 | Guatemala | 0.0129 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.1% | volatile |
| 86 | South Africa | 0.0128 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.7% | rising |
| 87 | Mexico | 0.0128 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 88 | Ukraine | 0.0125 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 62.5% | falling |
| 89 | Montenegro | 0.0106 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 90 | Morocco | 0.0103 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 26.6% | volatile |
| 91 | Latvia | 0.0101 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 92 | Costa Rica | 0.0094 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 93 | New Zealand | 0.0094 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Sweden | 0.0091 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.1% | falling |
| 95 | Ecuador | 0.0091 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.0% | volatile |
| 96 | Algeria | 0.0082 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Djibouti | 0.0082 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 203.9% | volatile |
| 98 | Aruba | 0.0078 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.7% | rising |
| 99 | Panama | 0.0074 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.7% | volatile |
| 100 | Syria | 0.0074 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.9% | volatile |
| 101 | Finland | 0.0073 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 102 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0067 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 103 | Honduras | 0.0066 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Kenya | 0.0064 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 120.7% | volatile |
| 105 | Russia | 0.006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 106 | Seychelles | 0.0059 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.7% | volatile |
| 107 | Colombia | 0.0053 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 108 | Cuba | 0.0051 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 55.6% | rising |
| 109 | Brazil | 0.0051 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 110 | Myanmar | 0.005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 466.3% | volatile |
| 111 | Haiti | 0.005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 128.7% | volatile |
| 112 | Peru | 0.0048 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Burkina Faso | 0.0047 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 341.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Cameroon | 0.0044 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 137.0% | volatile |
| 115 | Benin | 0.0044 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 108.1% | volatile |
| 116 | Uganda | 0.0042 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Turkmenistan | 0.004 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.9% | volatile |
| 118 | Kazakhstan | 0.0039 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 119 | Argentina | 0.0033 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 120 | Canada | 0.0032 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 121 | Malawi | 0.003 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 154.5% | volatile |
| 122 | Ethiopia | 0.0028 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.6% | volatile |
| 123 | Mozambique | 0.0027 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.9% | volatile |
| 124 | Burundi | 0.0026 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 77.6% | volatile |
| 125 | Uruguay | 0.0022 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 126 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 49.4% | rising |
| 127 | Liberia | 0.002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 124.6% | volatile |
| 128 | Dominica | 0.0019 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Chile | 0.0018 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.5% | rising |
| 130 | Saint Lucia | 0.0017 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 131 | Nicaragua | 0.0017 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.7% | volatile |
| 132 | Yemen | 0.0016 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 39.9% | volatile |
| 133 | Estonia | 0.0016 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 89.0% | volatile |
| 134 | Zimbabwe | 0.0016 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 135 | Grenada | 0.0015 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 24.6% | rising |
| 136 | British Virgin Islands | 0.0015 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 52.1% | volatile |
| 137 | Australia | 0.0014 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 138 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0014 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.3% | rising |
| 139 | Zambia | 0.0014 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.2% | volatile |
| 140 | Comoros | 0.0012 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 141 | Libya | 0.0012 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.7% | volatile |
| 142 | Congo | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 232.7% | volatile |
| 143 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.2% | volatile |
| 144 | Paraguay | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.2% | volatile |
| 145 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.3% | rising |
| 146 | Angola | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 27.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Gabon | 0.0009 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 197.7% | volatile |
| 148 | Ghana | 0.0008 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.4% | volatile |
| 149 | Nauru | 0.0008 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 150 | Palau | 0.0008 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 63.9% | volatile |
| 151 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0008 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 152 | Eritrea | 0.0007 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.5% | volatile |
| 153 | Tonga | 0.0007 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 58.3% | rising |
| 154 | Mali | 0.0006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 247.9% | volatile |
| 155 | Tuvalu | 0.0006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 156 | Namibia | 0.0006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.4% | volatile |
| 157 | Sudan | 0.0006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.4% | falling |
| 158 | Gambia | 0.0005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 159 | Bahamas | 0.0005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.8% | volatile |
| 160 | Kiribati | 0.0004 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 52.6% | rising |
| 161 | Mongolia | 0.0004 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 448.7% | volatile |
| 162 | Afghanistan | 0.0003 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.0% | rising |
| 163 | Samoa | 0.0003 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 65.1% | volatile |
| 164 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.0003 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.2% | volatile |
| 165 | Fiji | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 67.5% | volatile |
| 166 | Chad | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 162.5% | volatile |
| 167 | Sierra Leone | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 168 | Guinea | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.0% | volatile |
| 169 | East Timor | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 50.3% | volatile |
| 170 | Madagascar | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Lesotho | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 172 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.1% | rising |
| 173 | Eswatini | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 174 | Suriname | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 61.1% | volatile |
| 175 | Vanuatu | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 46.5% | rising |
| 176 | Guyana | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 754.6% | volatile |
| 177 | Niger | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.3% | volatile |
| 178 | Belize | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 179 | Solomon Islands | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 62.5% | volatile |
| 180 | Somalia | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 181 | South Sudan | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.1% | falling |
| 182 | Botswana | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 183 | Papua New Guinea | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 61.9% | volatile |
| 184 | Marshall Islands | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 97.4% | volatile |
| 185 | Mauritania | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.3% | volatile |
| 186 | Central African Republic | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.4% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 0.0218 kt per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
IPPU — Emissions (CO2) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
IPPU — Emissions (CO2) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- IPPU — Emissions Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
IPPU — Emissions (CO2) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.