Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions, annual growth rate by country
The year-on-year percentage change in Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Countries reporting
215
Highest
16.6 % change on previous year
Bolivia
Lowest
-100 % change on previous year
Antarctica
Median
1.84 % change on previous year
Years covered
59
1966–2024
Data points
12,295
What the numbers show
Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions, annual growth rate is currently reported for 215 countries. The highest value is 16.6 % change on previous year in Bolivia; the lowest is -100 % change on previous year in Antarctica.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.84 % change on previous year, and the mean is 1.29 % change on previous year.
Over the past decade 101 countries rose and 103 fell. The largest increase was in Russia (up 18,756.9%), and the largest decrease in Portugal (down 1,207.4%).
Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions, annual growth rate: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bolivia | 16.6 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 39.1% | volatile |
| 2 | Uzbekistan | 13.32 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 405.5% | volatile |
| 3 | Christmas Island | 10 % change on previous year | 1983 | up 157.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Sri Lanka | 8.66 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 58.2% | volatile |
| 5 | Philippines | 8.63 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 56.0% | volatile |
| 6 | Iceland | 8.4 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 773.6% | volatile |
| 7 | Congo | 6.83 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 196.0% | volatile |
| 8 | Vietnam | 6.77 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 64.1% | volatile |
| 9 | Indonesia | 6.54 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 602.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Peru | 6.33 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 59.5% | volatile |
| 11 | Slovenia | 6.15 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 159.4% | volatile |
| 12 | Kyrgyzstan | 5.62 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 8.8% | volatile |
| 13 | Singapore | 5.58 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 337.5% | volatile |
| 14 | Cote d'Ivoire | 5.52 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 139.3% | volatile |
| 15 | United Arab Emirates | 5.5 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 3,341.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Turkey | 5.36 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 12.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Qatar | 5.24 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 2,203.8% | volatile |
| 18 | Kuwait | 5.16 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 153.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Malaysia | 5.04 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 260.2% | volatile |
| 20 | Nigeria | 4.98 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 10.9% | volatile |
| 21 | East Timor | 4.93 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 329.7% | volatile |
| 22 | Tajikistan | 4.63 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 92.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Niue | 4.58 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 24 | Marshall Islands | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 25 | Micronesia (country) | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 69.3% | volatile |
| 26 | Vanuatu | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 89.4% | volatile |
| 27 | Maldives | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 77.6% | volatile |
| 28 | Palau | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 241.8% | volatile |
| 29 | Fiji | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 66.8% | volatile |
| 30 | French Polynesia | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 222.5% | volatile |
| 31 | Solomon Islands | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 136.2% | volatile |
| 32 | Samoa | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 33 | Tonga | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 237.2% | volatile |
| 34 | Kiribati | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 35 | Nauru | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 40.5% | volatile |
| 36 | Cook Islands | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 37 | Wallis and Futuna | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 38 | Tuvalu | 4.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 39 | Uruguay | 4.54 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 142.1% | volatile |
| 40 | Ghana | 4.4 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 14.2% | volatile |
| 41 | New Caledonia | 4.31 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 42 | India | 4.27 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 44.2% | volatile |
| 43 | Suriname | 4.15 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 164.5% | volatile |
| 44 | Cuba | 4.13 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 318.5% | volatile |
| 45 | Jamaica | 4.12 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 144.1% | volatile |
| 46 | Dominican Republic | 4.09 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 101.8% | volatile |
| 47 | Mauritania | 4.01 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 77.9% | volatile |
| 48 | Cape Verde | 3.9 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 626.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Guinea-Bissau | 3.9 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 50 | Gambia | 3.9 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 78.3% | volatile |
| 51 | Guinea | 3.9 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 72.4% | volatile |
| 52 | Sierra Leone | 3.9 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 46.7% | volatile |
| 53 | Belize | 3.86 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 37.8% | volatile |
| 54 | Grenada | 3.86 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 119.8% | volatile |
| 55 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 56 | Curacao | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 73.6% | volatile |
| 57 | Bermuda | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 84.4% | volatile |
| 58 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 134.3% | volatile |
| 59 | British Virgin Islands | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 122.8% | volatile |
| 60 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 149.7% | volatile |
| 61 | Aruba | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 200.9% | volatile |
| 62 | Dominica | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 44.9% | volatile |
| 63 | Antigua and Barbuda | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 94.6% | volatile |
| 64 | Saint Lucia | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 65 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 79.4% | volatile |
| 66 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 50.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Bahamas | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 10.0% | volatile |
| 68 | Anguilla | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 40.5% | volatile |
| 69 | Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 70 | Montserrat | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 126.9% | volatile |
| 71 | Saint Helena | 3.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 72 | Paraguay | 3.81 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 30.3% | volatile |
| 73 | Sweden | 3.78 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 199.1% | volatile |
| 74 | Nicaragua | 3.72 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 27.3% | volatile |
| 75 | Haiti | 3.7 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 2,187.0% | volatile |
| 76 | Barbados | 3.68 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 132.9% | volatile |
| 77 | Honduras | 3.63 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 93.6% | volatile |
| 78 | Bangladesh | 3.63 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 15.8% | volatile |
| 79 | Oman | 3.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 288.6% | volatile |
| 80 | Mali | 3.5 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 75.8% | volatile |
| 81 | El Salvador | 3.49 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 240.1% | volatile |
| 82 | Costa Rica | 3.4 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 117.8% | volatile |
| 83 | Egypt | 3.25 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 12.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Burkina Faso | 3.16 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 51.3% | volatile |
| 85 | Lesotho | 3.13 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 43.2% | volatile |
| 86 | Ecuador | 3.09 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 69.9% | volatile |
| 87 | Togo | 3.09 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 135.0% | volatile |
| 88 | Liberia | 3.04 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 118.9% | volatile |
| 89 | Angola | 3.04 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 104.4% | volatile |
| 90 | Guyana | 3 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Colombia | 2.96 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 54.2% | volatile |
| 92 | Afghanistan | 2.94 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 235.1% | volatile |
| 93 | Botswana | 2.94 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 86.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Tunisia | 2.92 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 23.8% | volatile |
| 95 | New Zealand | 2.91 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 469.8% | volatile |
| 96 | Luxembourg | 2.91 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 158.2% | volatile |
| 97 | Russia | 2.73 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 18,756.9% | volatile |
| 98 | Greece | 2.64 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 170.1% | volatile |
| 99 | Iraq | 2.51 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 184.9% | volatile |
| 100 | Benin | 2.34 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 48.7% | volatile |
| 101 | Nepal | 2.33 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 89.4% | volatile |
| 102 | Ukraine | 2.28 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 117.0% | volatile |
| 103 | Spain | 2.26 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 268.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Cambodia | 2.2 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 88.5% | volatile |
| 105 | Saudi Arabia | 2.17 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 555.0% | volatile |
| 106 | Zimbabwe | 1.92 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 107 | Mauritius | 1.87 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 45.2% | volatile |
| 108 | Madagascar | 1.84 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 162.5% | volatile |
| 109 | Zambia | 1.8 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 90.7% | volatile |
| 110 | Burundi | 1.77 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 109.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Seychelles | 1.76 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 112 | Comoros | 1.76 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 117.6% | volatile |
| 113 | South Sudan | 1.76 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 53.9% | volatile |
| 114 | Somalia | 1.76 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 48.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Bhutan | 1.7 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 65.9% | volatile |
| 116 | United Kingdom | 1.65 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 120.3% | volatile |
| 117 | Faroe Islands | 1.64 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 120.8% | volatile |
| 118 | Greenland | 1.64 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 115.5% | volatile |
| 119 | Libya | 1.62 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 95.1% | volatile |
| 120 | Eritrea | 1.59 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 2,344.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Uganda | 1.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 82.4% | volatile |
| 122 | Andorra | 1.57 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 151.0% | volatile |
| 123 | Malawi | 1.56 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 116.6% | volatile |
| 124 | Cyprus | 1.55 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 71.0% | volatile |
| 125 | Ethiopia | 1.52 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 91.8% | volatile |
| 126 | Gabon | 1.46 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 83.9% | volatile |
| 127 | Eswatini | 1.46 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 103.5% | volatile |
| 128 | Chile | 1.44 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 128.5% | volatile |
| 129 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.4 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 121.7% | volatile |
| 130 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1.39 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 91.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Central African Republic | 1.39 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 95.1% | volatile |
| 132 | Macao | 1.29 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 95.8% | volatile |
| 133 | Djibouti | 1.17 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 87.9% | volatile |
| 134 | Niger | 1.17 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 86.4% | volatile |
| 135 | Mongolia | 1.15 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 103.6% | volatile |
| 136 | Thailand | 1.14 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 65.5% | volatile |
| 137 | Hong Kong | 1.11 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 58.3% | volatile |
| 138 | Romania | 1.01 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 47.4% | volatile |
| 139 | Laos | 1.01 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 77.2% | volatile |
| 140 | China | 0.9612 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 183.9% | volatile |
| 141 | Belgium | 0.8887 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 115.9% | volatile |
| 142 | Rwanda | 0.8695 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 86.7% | volatile |
| 143 | North Korea | 0.8469 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 91.7% | volatile |
| 144 | Namibia | 0.7683 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 75.8% | volatile |
| 145 | South Africa | 0.7389 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 86.8% | volatile |
| 146 | Guatemala | 0.7311 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 90.2% | volatile |
| 147 | Australia | 0.6286 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 147.7% | volatile |
| 148 | Albania | 0.6139 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 95.5% | volatile |
| 149 | Mexico | 0.5966 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 126.0% | volatile |
| 150 | Lebanon | 0.5862 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 92.9% | volatile |
| 151 | Bahrain | 0.559 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 167.8% | volatile |
| 152 | Palestine | 0.5192 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 96.8% | volatile |
| 153 | Sudan | 0.4476 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 101.8% | volatile |
| 154 | Jordan | 0.4317 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 95.1% | volatile |
| 155 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.3972 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 98.6% | volatile |
| 156 | Iran | 0.3742 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 93.3% | volatile |
| 157 | Syria | 0.3309 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 81.5% | volatile |
| 158 | Liechtenstein | 0.3071 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 101.9% | volatile |
| 159 | Switzerland | 0.2946 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 103.2% | volatile |
| 160 | Kazakhstan | 0.2904 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 98.4% | volatile |
| 161 | Lithuania | 0.2726 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 111.9% | volatile |
| 162 | Kenya | 0.1874 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 97.8% | volatile |
| 163 | Belarus | 0.1477 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 120.9% | volatile |
| 164 | Morocco | 0.1466 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 85.4% | volatile |
| 165 | Senegal | 0.0703 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 99.4% | volatile |
| 166 | Armenia | 0.0066 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 99.5% | volatile |
| 167 | Croatia | -0.0152 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 99.6% | volatile |
| 168 | Moldova | -0.0462 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 98.4% | volatile |
| 169 | Papua New Guinea | -0.1473 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 100.4% | volatile |
| 170 | Yemen | -0.1785 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 92.9% | volatile |
| 171 | Brazil | -0.2025 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 104.3% | volatile |
| 172 | United States | -0.2905 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 127.4% | volatile |
| 173 | Myanmar | -0.5964 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 102.4% | volatile |
| 174 | Chad | -0.5965 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 112.3% | volatile |
| 175 | Cameroon | -0.6527 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 105.6% | volatile |
| 176 | Ireland | -0.7665 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 177 | Hungary | -0.8095 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 331.0% | volatile |
| 178 | South Korea | -0.9333 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 13.6% | volatile |
| 179 | Austria | -0.9512 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 82.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Georgia | -1.16 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 109.0% | volatile |
| 181 | Montenegro | -1.27 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 37.8% | volatile |
| 182 | Tanzania | -1.43 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 183 | Denmark | -1.6 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 84.0% | volatile |
| 184 | Taiwan | -1.79 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 306.3% | volatile |
| 185 | Netherlands | -1.91 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 57.6% | volatile |
| 186 | Latvia | -1.94 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 27.2% | volatile |
| 187 | Serbia | -2.07 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 87.3% | volatile |
| 188 | Malta | -2.22 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 337.2% | volatile |
| 189 | Canada | -2.23 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 246.5% | volatile |
| 190 | France | -2.26 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 74.7% | volatile |
| 191 | Algeria | -2.29 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 129.7% | volatile |
| 192 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -2.29 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 79.9% | volatile |
| 193 | Japan | -2.54 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 35.5% | volatile |
| 194 | Panama | -2.6 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 164.3% | volatile |
| 195 | Trinidad and Tobago | -2.7 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 216.0% | volatile |
| 196 | Venezuela | -2.97 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 73.8% | volatile |
| 197 | Italy | -3.32 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 38.9% | volatile |
| 198 | Brunei | -3.6 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 122.8% | volatile |
| 199 | Germany | -3.61 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 23.3% | volatile |
| 200 | Poland | -3.67 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 201 | Pakistan | -3.78 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 313.1% | volatile |
| 202 | Argentina | -4.12 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 691.7% | volatile |
| 203 | Norway | -4.34 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 543.1% | volatile |
| 204 | Israel | -4.96 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 11.0% | volatile |
| 205 | Estonia | -5 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 206 | Mozambique | -5.29 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 104.2% | volatile |
| 207 | Slovakia | -5.44 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 1.4% | volatile |
| 208 | Portugal | -5.54 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 1,207.4% | volatile |
| 209 | Finland | -6.36 % change on previous year | 2024 | up 19.7% | volatile |
| 210 | Azerbaijan | -6.83 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 391.5% | volatile |
| 211 | Bulgaria | -8.35 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 237.4% | volatile |
| 212 | Czechia | -9.14 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 293.8% | volatile |
| 213 | North Macedonia | -9.79 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 155.5% | volatile |
| 214 | Turkmenistan | -15.11 % change on previous year | 2024 | down 531.0% | volatile |
| 215 | Antarctica | -100 % change on previous year | 2008 | — | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- OECD (GCP) -0.7039 % change on previous year
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.