Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India
India: Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change was 2.21 tonnes per person in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
2.21 tonnes per person
Change on year
up 2.9%
World rank
130th
of 194 countries
All-time high
2.21 tonnes per person
in 2024
All-time low
0.4067 tonnes per person
in 1905
Years of data
156
1858–2024
Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India, 1858–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes per person.
Analysis
The most recent figure for per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change in India is 2.21 tonnes per person, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 156 years on record.
That represents a change of up 2.9% on the previous year and up 27.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change in India peaked at 2.21 tonnes per person in 2024 and was at its lowest, 0.4067 tonnes per person, in 1905.
India ranks 130th of 194 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India, year by year
| Year | tonnes per person | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1858 | 0.4962 tonnes per person | — |
| 1859 | 0.4776 tonnes per person | -3.7% |
| 1860 | 0.4734 tonnes per person | -0.9% |
| 1861 | 0.4574 tonnes per person | -3.4% |
| 1862 | 0.4443 tonnes per person | -2.9% |
| 1863 | 0.4412 tonnes per person | -0.7% |
| 1864 | 0.4324 tonnes per person | -2.0% |
| 1865 | 0.4253 tonnes per person | -1.6% |
| 1866 | 0.426 tonnes per person | +0.2% |
| 1878 | 0.4158 tonnes per person | -2.4% |
| 1879 | 0.4137 tonnes per person | -0.5% |
| 1880 | 0.4278 tonnes per person | +3.4% |
| 1881 | 0.4306 tonnes per person | +0.6% |
| 1882 | 0.4452 tonnes per person | +3.4% |
| 1883 | 0.4388 tonnes per person | -1.4% |
| 1884 | 0.4403 tonnes per person | +0.3% |
| 1885 | 0.4379 tonnes per person | -0.5% |
| 1886 | 0.439 tonnes per person | +0.3% |
| 1887 | 0.4378 tonnes per person | -0.3% |
| 1888 | 0.4367 tonnes per person | -0.2% |
| 1889 | 0.4363 tonnes per person | -0.1% |
| 1890 | 0.4316 tonnes per person | -1.1% |
| 1891 | 0.4295 tonnes per person | -0.5% |
| 1892 | 0.4253 tonnes per person | -1.0% |
| 1893 | 0.425 tonnes per person | -0.1% |
| 1894 | 0.4214 tonnes per person | -0.8% |
| 1895 | 0.4282 tonnes per person | +1.6% |
| 1896 | 0.4286 tonnes per person | +0.1% |
| 1897 | 0.4299 tonnes per person | +0.3% |
| 1898 | 0.4344 tonnes per person | +1.0% |
| 1899 | 0.4326 tonnes per person | -0.4% |
| 1900 | 0.4227 tonnes per person | -2.3% |
| 1901 | 0.4152 tonnes per person | -1.8% |
| 1902 | 0.4203 tonnes per person | +1.2% |
| 1903 | 0.4092 tonnes per person | -2.7% |
| 1904 | 0.4112 tonnes per person | +0.5% |
| 1905 | 0.4067 tonnes per person | -1.1% |
| 1906 | 0.4089 tonnes per person | +0.5% |
| 1907 | 0.41 tonnes per person | +0.3% |
| 1908 | 0.4154 tonnes per person | +1.3% |
| 1909 | 0.4079 tonnes per person | -1.8% |
| 1910 | 0.4159 tonnes per person | +2.0% |
| 1911 | 0.4259 tonnes per person | +2.4% |
| 1912 | 0.4355 tonnes per person | +2.3% |
| 1913 | 0.4467 tonnes per person | +2.6% |
| 1914 | 0.4451 tonnes per person | -0.4% |
| 1915 | 0.4536 tonnes per person | +1.9% |
| 1916 | 0.4526 tonnes per person | -0.2% |
| 1917 | 0.4558 tonnes per person | +0.7% |
| 1918 | 0.4696 tonnes per person | +3.0% |
| 1919 | 0.4812 tonnes per person | +2.5% |
| 1920 | 0.9674 tonnes per person | +101.0% |
| 1921 | 1.18 tonnes per person | +22.3% |
| 1922 | 1.29 tonnes per person | +9.4% |
| 1923 | 1.36 tonnes per person | +4.9% |
| 1924 | 1.41 tonnes per person | +3.6% |
| 1925 | 1.44 tonnes per person | +2.2% |
| 1926 | 1.45 tonnes per person | +1.0% |
| 1927 | 1.48 tonnes per person | +1.6% |
| 1928 | 1.47 tonnes per person | -0.1% |
| 1929 | 1.49 tonnes per person | +1.2% |
| 1930 | 1.51 tonnes per person | +1.3% |
| 1931 | 1.49 tonnes per person | -1.1% |
| 1932 | 1.48 tonnes per person | -1.2% |
| 1933 | 1.47 tonnes per person | -0.4% |
| 1934 | 1.47 tonnes per person | -0.2% |
| 1935 | 1.46 tonnes per person | -0.6% |
| 1936 | 1.45 tonnes per person | -0.9% |
| 1937 | 1.45 tonnes per person | +0.3% |
| 1938 | 1.45 tonnes per person | -0.2% |
| 1939 | 1.44 tonnes per person | -0.5% |
| 1940 | 1.45 tonnes per person | +1.0% |
| 1941 | 1.47 tonnes per person | +0.9% |
| 1942 | 1.48 tonnes per person | +0.7% |
| 1943 | 1.48 tonnes per person | -0.0% |
| 1944 | 1.51 tonnes per person | +2.1% |
| 1945 | 1.53 tonnes per person | +1.3% |
| 1946 | 1.54 tonnes per person | +1.0% |
| 1947 | 1.57 tonnes per person | +1.7% |
| 1948 | 1.58 tonnes per person | +0.6% |
| 1949 | 1.59 tonnes per person | +0.7% |
| 1950 | 2.01 tonnes per person | +26.6% |
| 1951 | 2.09 tonnes per person | +3.9% |
| 1952 | 2.12 tonnes per person | +1.7% |
| 1953 | 2.12 tonnes per person | -0.1% |
| 1954 | 2.12 tonnes per person | +0.1% |
| 1955 | 2.11 tonnes per person | -0.8% |
| 1956 | 2.09 tonnes per person | -0.7% |
| 1957 | 2.09 tonnes per person | -0.2% |
| 1958 | 2.08 tonnes per person | -0.6% |
| 1959 | 2.05 tonnes per person | -1.0% |
| 1960 | 1.33 tonnes per person | -35.1% |
| 1961 | 1.75 tonnes per person | +31.3% |
| 1962 | 1.15 tonnes per person | -34.4% |
| 1963 | 1.05 tonnes per person | -8.1% |
| 1964 | 1.01 tonnes per person | -3.9% |
| 1965 | 0.967 tonnes per person | -4.6% |
| 1966 | 1.12 tonnes per person | +16.0% |
| 1967 | 1.12 tonnes per person | -0.4% |
| 1968 | 0.8376 tonnes per person | -25.1% |
| 1969 | 0.911 tonnes per person | +8.8% |
| 1970 | 0.6926 tonnes per person | -24.0% |
| 1971 | 0.7697 tonnes per person | +11.1% |
| 1972 | 1.03 tonnes per person | +34.2% |
| 1973 | 0.9453 tonnes per person | -8.5% |
| 1974 | 0.8751 tonnes per person | -7.4% |
| 1975 | 0.7815 tonnes per person | -10.7% |
| 1976 | 0.7012 tonnes per person | -10.3% |
| 1977 | 1.03 tonnes per person | +47.5% |
| 1978 | 0.8098 tonnes per person | -21.7% |
| 1979 | 0.6899 tonnes per person | -14.8% |
| 1980 | 0.7164 tonnes per person | +3.8% |
| 1981 | 0.7818 tonnes per person | +9.1% |
| 1982 | 0.673 tonnes per person | -13.9% |
| 1983 | 0.9335 tonnes per person | +38.7% |
| 1984 | 0.7504 tonnes per person | -19.6% |
| 1985 | 0.7369 tonnes per person | -1.8% |
| 1986 | 0.8089 tonnes per person | +9.8% |
| 1987 | 0.7406 tonnes per person | -8.4% |
| 1988 | 0.8837 tonnes per person | +19.3% |
| 1989 | 0.8546 tonnes per person | -3.3% |
| 1990 | 0.8824 tonnes per person | +3.3% |
| 1991 | 0.8648 tonnes per person | -2.0% |
| 1992 | 0.9294 tonnes per person | +7.5% |
| 1993 | 0.8951 tonnes per person | -3.7% |
| 1994 | 0.8976 tonnes per person | +0.3% |
| 1995 | 0.9008 tonnes per person | +0.4% |
| 1996 | 1.02 tonnes per person | +13.8% |
| 1997 | 0.9763 tonnes per person | -4.7% |
| 1998 | 0.9767 tonnes per person | +0.0% |
| 1999 | 1.02 tonnes per person | +4.3% |
| 2000 | 1.13 tonnes per person | +10.5% |
| 2001 | 1.08 tonnes per person | -4.3% |
| 2002 | 1.03 tonnes per person | -3.9% |
| 2003 | 1.07 tonnes per person | +3.7% |
| 2004 | 1.08 tonnes per person | +0.7% |
| 2005 | 1.09 tonnes per person | +1.1% |
| 2006 | 1.15 tonnes per person | +5.7% |
| 2007 | 1.27 tonnes per person | +9.9% |
| 2008 | 1.38 tonnes per person | +9.0% |
| 2009 | 1.41 tonnes per person | +1.9% |
| 2010 | 1.47 tonnes per person | +4.5% |
| 2011 | 1.5 tonnes per person | +2.1% |
| 2012 | 1.66 tonnes per person | +10.2% |
| 2013 | 1.74 tonnes per person | +5.1% |
| 2014 | 1.73 tonnes per person | -0.4% |
| 2015 | 1.81 tonnes per person | +4.5% |
| 2016 | 1.88 tonnes per person | +3.5% |
| 2017 | 1.87 tonnes per person | -0.6% |
| 2018 | 2 tonnes per person | +7.0% |
| 2019 | 1.95 tonnes per person | -2.4% |
| 2020 | 1.78 tonnes per person | -8.4% |
| 2021 | 1.94 tonnes per person | +8.5% |
| 2022 | 2.01 tonnes per person | +4.0% |
| 2023 | 2.14 tonnes per person | +6.5% |
| 2024 | 2.21 tonnes per person | +2.9% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 2.21 tonnes per person is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 1.91 tonnes per person, 1.2× the median. (47 countries reporting)
- India's 2.21 tonnes per person is above the median for South Asia, which is 1.78 tonnes per person, 1.2× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | +101.0% | 0.4812 tonnes per person | 0.9674 tonnes per person |
| 1977 | +47.5% | 0.7012 tonnes per person | 1.03 tonnes per person |
| 1983 | +38.7% | 0.673 tonnes per person | 0.9335 tonnes per person |
| 1960 | -35.1% | 2.05 tonnes per person | 1.33 tonnes per person |
| 1962 | -34.4% | 1.75 tonnes per person | 1.15 tonnes per person |
| 1972 | +34.2% | 0.7697 tonnes per person | 1.03 tonnes per person |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 0.4869 tonnes per person | 0.4776 tonnes per person | 0.4962 tonnes per person | 2 |
| 1860s | 0.4429 tonnes per person | 0.4253 tonnes per person | 0.4734 tonnes per person | 7 |
| 1870s | 0.4148 tonnes per person | 0.4137 tonnes per person | 0.4158 tonnes per person | 2 |
| 1880s | 0.437 tonnes per person | 0.4278 tonnes per person | 0.4452 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1890s | 0.4286 tonnes per person | 0.4214 tonnes per person | 0.4344 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1900s | 0.4128 tonnes per person | 0.4067 tonnes per person | 0.4227 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1910s | 0.4482 tonnes per person | 0.4159 tonnes per person | 0.4812 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1920s | 1.35 tonnes per person | 0.9674 tonnes per person | 1.49 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1930s | 1.47 tonnes per person | 1.44 tonnes per person | 1.51 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1940s | 1.52 tonnes per person | 1.45 tonnes per person | 1.59 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1950s | 2.09 tonnes per person | 2.01 tonnes per person | 2.12 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1960s | 1.13 tonnes per person | 0.8376 tonnes per person | 1.75 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1970s | 0.8332 tonnes per person | 0.6899 tonnes per person | 1.03 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.788 tonnes per person | 0.673 tonnes per person | 0.9335 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.9367 tonnes per person | 0.8648 tonnes per person | 1.02 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.17 tonnes per person | 1.03 tonnes per person | 1.41 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.76 tonnes per person | 1.47 tonnes per person | 2 tonnes per person | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.02 tonnes per person | 1.78 tonnes per person | 2.21 tonnes per person | 5 |
Countries ranked near India
More climate change data for India
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 27.69 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 602,760 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 105,678 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 497,082 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 398.78 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 17,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 279,594 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 103,578 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 664.21 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change in India?
- Per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change in India was 2.21 tonnes per person in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 2.21 tonnes per person in 2024.
- What is the lowest per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.4067 tonnes per person in 1905.
- How does India rank for per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change?
- India ranks 130th out of 194 countries with data for 2024.
- Is per capita co₂ emissions including land-use change rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 27.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 156 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), including land-use change, measured in tonnes per person.