Population growth in Estonia
Estonia: Population growth was -0.4% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Population growth in Estonia, 1961–2025
Source: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), note: Derived from total population, publisher: UN Population Division. Measured in annual %.
Analysis
The most recent figure for population growth in Estonia is -0.4%, measured in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 385.8% on the previous year and down 753.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, population growth in Estonia peaked at 1.6% in 2023 and was at its lowest, -2.6%, in 1993.
That places Estonia 196th out of 218 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Population growth in Estonia, year by year
| Year | annual % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 1.1% | — |
| 1962 | 1.3% | +20.7% |
| 1963 | 1.4% | +2.8% |
| 1964 | 1.4% | +4.3% |
| 1965 | 1.4% | -5.4% |
| 1966 | 1.1% | -20.7% |
| 1967 | 0.8% | -26.9% |
| 1968 | 0.9% | +17.5% |
| 1969 | 1.0% | +13.3% |
| 1970 | 1.1% | +4.5% |
| 1971 | 1.2% | +12.5% |
| 1972 | 1.1% | -8.9% |
| 1973 | 1.0% | -14.6% |
| 1974 | 0.9% | -9.9% |
| 1975 | 0.8% | -9.2% |
| 1976 | 0.7% | -9.3% |
| 1977 | 0.7% | +3.3% |
| 1978 | 0.7% | -6.9% |
| 1979 | 0.6% | -18.9% |
| 1980 | 0.6% | +8.5% |
| 1981 | 0.7% | +16.8% |
| 1982 | 0.7% | +2.2% |
| 1983 | 0.7% | -4.6% |
| 1984 | 0.7% | -5.1% |
| 1985 | 0.7% | +2.3% |
| 1986 | 0.7% | +11.5% |
| 1987 | 0.8% | +4.7% |
| 1988 | 0.6% | -20.1% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | -36.0% |
| 1990 | 0.1% | -83.3% |
| 1991 | -0.5% | -855.2% |
| 1992 | -1.8% | +263.3% |
| 1993 | -2.6% | +41.1% |
| 1994 | -2.1% | -16.9% |
| 1995 | -1.8% | -16.5% |
| 1996 | -1.5% | -17.4% |
| 1997 | -1.1% | -22.7% |
| 1998 | -1.0% | -15.8% |
| 1999 | 0.3% | -130.7% |
| 2000 | 0.5% | +64.3% |
| 2001 | -0.6% | -231.7% |
| 2002 | -0.6% | -0.6% |
| 2003 | -0.6% | -0.9% |
| 2004 | -0.6% | -4.7% |
| 2005 | -0.6% | -4.3% |
| 2006 | -0.6% | +3.0% |
| 2007 | -0.5% | -22.6% |
| 2008 | -0.3% | -41.2% |
| 2009 | -0.2% | -28.1% |
| 2010 | -0.2% | +18.3% |
| 2011 | -0.3% | +33.1% |
| 2012 | -0.4% | +17.9% |
| 2013 | -0.4% | -0.6% |
| 2014 | -0.3% | -26.3% |
| 2015 | 0.1% | -125.0% |
| 2016 | 0.0% | -55.6% |
| 2017 | 0.1% | +315.9% |
| 2018 | 0.3% | +187.5% |
| 2019 | 0.4% | +6.8% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | -46.8% |
| 2021 | 0.1% | -46.3% |
| 2022 | 1.3% | +1160.9% |
| 2023 | 1.6% | +18.0% |
| 2024 | 0.1% | -90.5% |
| 2025 | -0.4% | -385.8% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -0.4% is below the median for high income countries, which is 0.4%. (85 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -0.4% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.3%. (57 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Population growth in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | +1160.9% | 0.1% | 1.3% |
| 1991 | -855.2% | 0.1% | -0.5% |
| 2025 | -385.8% | 0.1% | -0.4% |
| 2017 | +315.9% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| 1992 | -263.3% | -0.5% | -1.8% |
| 2001 | -231.7% | 0.5% | -0.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1.2% | 0.8% | 1.4% | 9 |
| 1970s | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 10 |
| 1990s | -1.2% | -2.6% | 0.3% | 10 |
| 2000s | -0.4% | -0.6% | 0.5% | 10 |
| 2010s | -0.1% | -0.4% | 0.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.5% | -0.4% | 1.6% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More climate change data for Estonia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 22.20 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 871.8 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 170.85 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 700.96 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 0.6447 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 25.03 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 178.32 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 175.54 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 2.79 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 0.6624 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is population growth in Estonia?
- Population growth in Estonia was -0.4% in 2025, according to World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), note: Derived from total population, publisher: UN Population Division.
- What is the highest population growth recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 1.6% in 2023.
- What is the lowest population growth recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -2.6% in 1993.
- How does Estonia rank for population growth?
- Estonia ranks 196th out of 218 countries with data for 2025.
- Is population growth rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 753.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), note: Derived from total population, publisher: UN Population Division, published as part of Population growth (annual %). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.