Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Fundación
Fundación: Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities was 2.12 Degrees celsius in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Fundación, 1981–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degrees celsius.
Analysis
In 2025, air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Fundación stood at 2.12 Degrees celsius. That is the highest value across all 45 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 62.2% on the previous year and up 69.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Fundación peaked at 2.12 Degrees celsius in 2025 and was at its lowest, -0.7135 Degrees celsius, in 1984.
That places Fundación 381st out of 1314 regions with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Fundación, year by year
| Year | Degrees celsius | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | -0.4372 Degrees celsius | — |
| 1982 | -0.0971 Degrees celsius | -77.8% |
| 1983 | 0.4292 Degrees celsius | -541.8% |
| 1984 | -0.7135 Degrees celsius | -266.2% |
| 1985 | -0.5756 Degrees celsius | -19.3% |
| 1986 | -0.3083 Degrees celsius | -46.4% |
| 1987 | 0.2631 Degrees celsius | -185.3% |
| 1988 | -0.2718 Degrees celsius | -203.3% |
| 1989 | -0.4271 Degrees celsius | +57.2% |
| 1990 | 0.1 Degrees celsius | -123.4% |
| 1991 | 0.0992 Degrees celsius | -0.9% |
| 1992 | 0.0471 Degrees celsius | -52.5% |
| 1993 | -0.143 Degrees celsius | -403.8% |
| 1994 | -0.0523 Degrees celsius | -63.4% |
| 1995 | 0.0987 Degrees celsius | -288.8% |
| 1996 | -0.2587 Degrees celsius | -362.1% |
| 1997 | 0.9045 Degrees celsius | -449.6% |
| 1998 | 0.6749 Degrees celsius | -25.4% |
| 1999 | -0.5597 Degrees celsius | -182.9% |
| 2000 | -0.4504 Degrees celsius | -19.5% |
| 2001 | 0.0559 Degrees celsius | -112.4% |
| 2002 | 0.6677 Degrees celsius | +1094.7% |
| 2003 | 0.4708 Degrees celsius | -29.5% |
| 2004 | 0.1951 Degrees celsius | -58.6% |
| 2005 | 0.2011 Degrees celsius | +3.1% |
| 2006 | 0.0878 Degrees celsius | -56.3% |
| 2007 | 0.0036 Degrees celsius | -95.9% |
| 2008 | -0.3369 Degrees celsius | -9534.0% |
| 2009 | 0.3376 Degrees celsius | -200.2% |
| 2010 | -0.0046 Degrees celsius | -101.4% |
| 2011 | -0.465 Degrees celsius | +10072.3% |
| 2012 | 0.0862 Degrees celsius | -118.5% |
| 2013 | 0.3377 Degrees celsius | +291.8% |
| 2014 | 0.7345 Degrees celsius | +117.5% |
| 2015 | 1.25 Degrees celsius | +70.3% |
| 2016 | 1.05 Degrees celsius | -15.8% |
| 2017 | 0.7658 Degrees celsius | -27.3% |
| 2018 | 0.892 Degrees celsius | +16.5% |
| 2019 | 1.45 Degrees celsius | +62.7% |
| 2020 | 0.9937 Degrees celsius | -31.5% |
| 2021 | 0.6298 Degrees celsius | -36.6% |
| 2022 | 0.0504 Degrees celsius | -92.0% |
| 2023 | 1.24 Degrees celsius | +2360.6% |
| 2024 | 1.31 Degrees celsius | +5.3% |
| 2025 | 2.12 Degrees celsius | +62.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.2376 Degrees celsius | -0.7135 Degrees celsius | 0.4292 Degrees celsius | 9 |
| 1990s | 0.0911 Degrees celsius | -0.5597 Degrees celsius | 0.9045 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.1232 Degrees celsius | -0.4504 Degrees celsius | 0.6677 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.6102 Degrees celsius | -0.465 Degrees celsius | 1.45 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.06 Degrees celsius | 0.0504 Degrees celsius | 2.12 Degrees celsius | 6 |
More climate change data for Fundación
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities 23.97 Degrees celsius (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Fundación?
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Fundación was 2.12 Degrees celsius in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Fundación?
- The highest recorded value was 2.12 Degrees celsius in 2025.
- What is the lowest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Fundación?
- The lowest recorded value was -0.7135 Degrees celsius in 1984.
- How does Fundación rank for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities?
- Fundación ranks 381st out of 1314 regions with data for 2025.
- Is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities rising or falling in Fundación?
- Over the last ten years it is up 69.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Fundación data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 45 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 35°C. Tropical nights correspond to the days when the minimum temperature is above 20°C, and icing days to the number of days when the maximum temperature is below 0°C. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org