Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Kraków
Kraków: Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities was -1.99 Degrees celsius in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Kraków, 1981–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degrees celsius.
Analysis
Kraków recorded -1.99 Degrees celsius for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 45 years on record.
That represents a change of down 168.3% on the previous year and down 209.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Kraków peaked at 2.91 Degrees celsius in 2024 and was at its lowest, -1.99 Degrees celsius, in 2025.
That places Kraków 1165th out of 1314 regions with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Kraków, year by year
| Year | Degrees celsius | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | -0.5884 Degrees celsius | — |
| 1982 | 0.0926 Degrees celsius | -115.7% |
| 1983 | 0.591 Degrees celsius | +538.3% |
| 1984 | -0.5309 Degrees celsius | -189.8% |
| 1985 | -1.58 Degrees celsius | +198.1% |
| 1986 | -0.7065 Degrees celsius | -55.4% |
| 1987 | -1.56 Degrees celsius | +120.5% |
| 1988 | 0.0889 Degrees celsius | -105.7% |
| 1989 | 1.02 Degrees celsius | +1047.1% |
| 1990 | 0.707 Degrees celsius | -30.7% |
| 1991 | -0.5254 Degrees celsius | -174.3% |
| 1992 | 0.4788 Degrees celsius | -191.1% |
| 1993 | -0.2766 Degrees celsius | -157.8% |
| 1994 | 1.03 Degrees celsius | -473.7% |
| 1995 | -0.174 Degrees celsius | -116.8% |
| 1996 | -1.82 Degrees celsius | +944.3% |
| 1997 | -0.724 Degrees celsius | -60.2% |
| 1998 | 0.138 Degrees celsius | -119.1% |
| 1999 | 0.6466 Degrees celsius | +368.5% |
| 2000 | 1.3 Degrees celsius | +100.3% |
| 2001 | -0.2363 Degrees celsius | -118.2% |
| 2002 | 0.7971 Degrees celsius | -437.4% |
| 2003 | 0.0124 Degrees celsius | -98.4% |
| 2004 | -0.0261 Degrees celsius | -309.7% |
| 2005 | -0.358 Degrees celsius | +1272.1% |
| 2006 | 0.242 Degrees celsius | -167.6% |
| 2007 | 1.29 Degrees celsius | +431.3% |
| 2008 | 1.21 Degrees celsius | -6.2% |
| 2009 | 0.4363 Degrees celsius | -63.8% |
| 2010 | -0.9676 Degrees celsius | -321.8% |
| 2011 | 0.6587 Degrees celsius | -168.1% |
| 2012 | 0.4732 Degrees celsius | -28.2% |
| 2013 | 0.2106 Degrees celsius | -55.5% |
| 2014 | 1.54 Degrees celsius | +628.8% |
| 2015 | 1.82 Degrees celsius | +18.6% |
| 2016 | 1.29 Degrees celsius | -29.0% |
| 2017 | 0.8253 Degrees celsius | -36.1% |
| 2018 | 1.83 Degrees celsius | +121.7% |
| 2019 | 2.12 Degrees celsius | +15.7% |
| 2020 | 1.71 Degrees celsius | -19.2% |
| 2021 | 0.3826 Degrees celsius | -77.7% |
| 2022 | 1.32 Degrees celsius | +244.0% |
| 2023 | 2.01 Degrees celsius | +53.0% |
| 2024 | 2.91 Degrees celsius | +44.7% |
| 2025 | -1.99 Degrees celsius | -168.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.3526 Degrees celsius | -1.58 Degrees celsius | 1.02 Degrees celsius | 9 |
| 1990s | -0.0512 Degrees celsius | -1.82 Degrees celsius | 1.03 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.4654 Degrees celsius | -0.358 Degrees celsius | 1.3 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.9797 Degrees celsius | -0.9676 Degrees celsius | 2.12 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.06 Degrees celsius | -1.99 Degrees celsius | 2.91 Degrees celsius | 6 |
More climate change data for Kraków
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities 6.27 Degrees celsius (2025)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 9.86 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 1.59 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.01 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.67 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.56 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.54 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from power 1.28 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from road 0.51 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions total 3.06 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Kraków?
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Kraków was -1.99 Degrees celsius in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Kraków?
- The highest recorded value was 2.91 Degrees celsius in 2024.
- What is the lowest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Kraków?
- The lowest recorded value was -1.99 Degrees celsius in 2025.
- How does Kraków rank for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities?
- Kraków ranks 1165th out of 1314 regions with data for 2025.
- Is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities rising or falling in Kraków?
- Over the last ten years it is down 209.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Kraków data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 45 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 35°C. Tropical nights correspond to the days when the minimum temperature is above 20°C, and icing days to the number of days when the maximum temperature is below 0°C. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org