Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Livorno
Livorno: Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities was 0.2445 Degrees celsius in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Livorno, 1981–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degrees celsius.
Analysis
Livorno recorded 0.2445 Degrees celsius for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 85.7% on the previous year and down 76.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Livorno peaked at 1.94 Degrees celsius in 2022 and was at its lowest, -1.03 Degrees celsius, in 1984.
Livorno ranks 710th of 1314 regions on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Livorno, year by year
| Year | Degrees celsius | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | -0.644 Degrees celsius | — |
| 1982 | 0.0215 Degrees celsius | -103.3% |
| 1983 | -0.2169 Degrees celsius | -1108.9% |
| 1984 | -1.03 Degrees celsius | +372.7% |
| 1985 | -0.2683 Degrees celsius | -73.8% |
| 1986 | -0.1868 Degrees celsius | -30.4% |
| 1987 | -0.304 Degrees celsius | +62.8% |
| 1988 | 0.1132 Degrees celsius | -137.2% |
| 1989 | -0.2335 Degrees celsius | -306.2% |
| 1990 | 0.2151 Degrees celsius | -192.1% |
| 1991 | -0.6298 Degrees celsius | -392.8% |
| 1992 | 0.1029 Degrees celsius | -116.3% |
| 1993 | -0.2067 Degrees celsius | -300.9% |
| 1994 | 0.64 Degrees celsius | -409.7% |
| 1995 | -0.2955 Degrees celsius | -146.2% |
| 1996 | -0.4444 Degrees celsius | +50.4% |
| 1997 | 0.3557 Degrees celsius | -180.0% |
| 1998 | -0.0529 Degrees celsius | -114.9% |
| 1999 | 0.2367 Degrees celsius | -547.6% |
| 2000 | 0.5959 Degrees celsius | +151.8% |
| 2001 | 0.3497 Degrees celsius | -41.3% |
| 2002 | 0.2596 Degrees celsius | -25.8% |
| 2003 | 0.6501 Degrees celsius | +150.4% |
| 2004 | 0.0569 Degrees celsius | -91.2% |
| 2005 | -0.4556 Degrees celsius | -900.0% |
| 2006 | 0.4256 Degrees celsius | -193.4% |
| 2007 | 0.3504 Degrees celsius | -17.7% |
| 2008 | 0.3006 Degrees celsius | -14.2% |
| 2009 | 0.597 Degrees celsius | +98.6% |
| 2010 | -0.3069 Degrees celsius | -151.4% |
| 2011 | 0.4076 Degrees celsius | -232.8% |
| 2012 | 0.3519 Degrees celsius | -13.7% |
| 2013 | 0.1712 Degrees celsius | -51.4% |
| 2014 | 0.9512 Degrees celsius | +455.7% |
| 2015 | 1.04 Degrees celsius | +9.5% |
| 2016 | 0.9674 Degrees celsius | -7.1% |
| 2017 | 0.8567 Degrees celsius | -11.4% |
| 2018 | 1.2 Degrees celsius | +40.3% |
| 2019 | 1.1 Degrees celsius | -8.3% |
| 2020 | 1.17 Degrees celsius | +5.9% |
| 2021 | 0.8408 Degrees celsius | -28.0% |
| 2022 | 1.94 Degrees celsius | +130.8% |
| 2023 | 1.79 Degrees celsius | -7.6% |
| 2024 | 1.71 Degrees celsius | -4.5% |
| 2025 | 0.2445 Degrees celsius | -85.7% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Livorno changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | -1108.9% | 0.0215 Degrees celsius | -0.2169 Degrees celsius |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.3049 Degrees celsius | -1.03 Degrees celsius | 0.1132 Degrees celsius | 9 |
| 1990s | -0.0079 Degrees celsius | -0.6298 Degrees celsius | 0.64 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.313 Degrees celsius | -0.4556 Degrees celsius | 0.6501 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.6744 Degrees celsius | -0.3069 Degrees celsius | 1.2 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.28 Degrees celsius | 0.2445 Degrees celsius | 1.94 Degrees celsius | 6 |
More climate change data for Livorno
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities 15.19 Degrees celsius (2025)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 17.53 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 2.37 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.09 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.2 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.19 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from power 0.25 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from road 0.06 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions total 0.79 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Livorno?
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Livorno was 0.2445 Degrees celsius in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Livorno?
- The highest recorded value was 1.94 Degrees celsius in 2022.
- What is the lowest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Livorno?
- The lowest recorded value was -1.03 Degrees celsius in 1984.
- How does Livorno rank for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities?
- Livorno ranks 710th out of 1314 regions with data for 2025.
- Is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities rising or falling in Livorno?
- Over the last ten years it is down 76.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Livorno data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 45 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 35°C. Tropical nights correspond to the days when the minimum temperature is above 20°C, and icing days to the number of days when the maximum temperature is below 0°C. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org