Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Setúbal
Setúbal: Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities was -2.64 Degrees celsius in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Setúbal, 1981–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degrees celsius.
Analysis
The most recent figure for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Setúbal is -2.64 Degrees celsius, measured in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 45 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 359.2% on the previous year and down 653.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Setúbal peaked at 1.27 Degrees celsius in 2023 and was at its lowest, -2.64 Degrees celsius, in 2025.
Setúbal ranks 1245th of 1314 regions on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities in Setúbal, year by year
| Year | Degrees celsius | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 0.0552 Degrees celsius | — |
| 1982 | -0.3515 Degrees celsius | -736.5% |
| 1983 | -0.2614 Degrees celsius | -25.6% |
| 1984 | -0.5597 Degrees celsius | +114.1% |
| 1985 | -0.1573 Degrees celsius | -71.9% |
| 1986 | -0.516 Degrees celsius | +228.0% |
| 1987 | 0.3581 Degrees celsius | -169.4% |
| 1988 | -0.2483 Degrees celsius | -169.4% |
| 1989 | 0.5029 Degrees celsius | -302.5% |
| 1990 | 0.2318 Degrees celsius | -53.9% |
| 1991 | -0.1743 Degrees celsius | -175.2% |
| 1992 | -0.2904 Degrees celsius | +66.6% |
| 1993 | -0.7376 Degrees celsius | +154.0% |
| 1994 | -0.1219 Degrees celsius | -83.5% |
| 1995 | 0.8906 Degrees celsius | -830.4% |
| 1996 | -0.1635 Degrees celsius | -118.4% |
| 1997 | 0.7811 Degrees celsius | -577.7% |
| 1998 | 0.1271 Degrees celsius | -83.7% |
| 1999 | -0.2943 Degrees celsius | -331.5% |
| 2000 | -0.0121 Degrees celsius | -95.9% |
| 2001 | -0.0834 Degrees celsius | +590.7% |
| 2002 | -0.0343 Degrees celsius | -58.8% |
| 2003 | 0.2038 Degrees celsius | -693.6% |
| 2004 | 0.0496 Degrees celsius | -75.7% |
| 2005 | -0.0643 Degrees celsius | -229.7% |
| 2006 | 0.427 Degrees celsius | -764.5% |
| 2007 | -0.1979 Degrees celsius | -146.3% |
| 2008 | -0.1701 Degrees celsius | -14.0% |
| 2009 | 0.5044 Degrees celsius | -396.4% |
| 2010 | 0.3069 Degrees celsius | -39.2% |
| 2011 | 0.5152 Degrees celsius | +67.9% |
| 2012 | -0.0947 Degrees celsius | -118.4% |
| 2013 | -0.0684 Degrees celsius | -27.8% |
| 2014 | 0.2408 Degrees celsius | -452.1% |
| 2015 | 0.4765 Degrees celsius | +97.9% |
| 2016 | 0.539 Degrees celsius | +13.1% |
| 2017 | 0.7866 Degrees celsius | +45.9% |
| 2018 | 0.0118 Degrees celsius | -98.5% |
| 2019 | 0.3697 Degrees celsius | +3042.9% |
| 2020 | 0.6735 Degrees celsius | +82.1% |
| 2021 | 0.2985 Degrees celsius | -55.7% |
| 2022 | 1.06 Degrees celsius | +254.4% |
| 2023 | 1.27 Degrees celsius | +20.2% |
| 2024 | 1.02 Degrees celsius | -20.0% |
| 2025 | -2.64 Degrees celsius | -359.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.1309 Degrees celsius | -0.5597 Degrees celsius | 0.5029 Degrees celsius | 9 |
| 1990s | 0.0249 Degrees celsius | -0.7376 Degrees celsius | 0.8906 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.0623 Degrees celsius | -0.1979 Degrees celsius | 0.5044 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.3083 Degrees celsius | -0.0947 Degrees celsius | 0.7866 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.2804 Degrees celsius | -2.64 Degrees celsius | 1.27 Degrees celsius | 6 |
More climate change data for Setúbal
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities 13.78 Degrees celsius (2025)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 19.38 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 2.21 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.01 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.03 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.41 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.4 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from power 0 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from road 0.09 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions total 0.57 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Setúbal?
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities in Setúbal was -2.64 Degrees celsius in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Setúbal?
- The highest recorded value was 1.27 Degrees celsius in 2023.
- What is the lowest air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities recorded in Setúbal?
- The lowest recorded value was -2.64 Degrees celsius in 2025.
- How does Setúbal rank for air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities?
- Setúbal ranks 1245th out of 1314 regions with data for 2025.
- Is air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - cities rising or falling in Setúbal?
- Over the last ten years it is down 653.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Setúbal data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities and FUAs — Change in air temperature at 2 meters from 1981–2010 period. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 45 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days. Data sources and methodology Indicators are estimated using ERA5-Land data. Air temperature indicators correspond to the average annual air temperature at a height of 2 meters. Hot days correspond to the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 35°C. Tropical nights correspond to the days when the minimum temperature is above 20°C, and icing days to the number of days when the maximum temperature is below 0°C. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org