Annual change in primary energy from low-carbon energy by country
Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.
Countries reporting
80
Highest
632.58 terawatt-hours
China
Lowest
-22.97 terawatt-hours
Taiwan
Median
1.28 terawatt-hours
Years covered
60
1966–2025
Data points
4,604
What the numbers show
Annual change in primary energy from low-carbon energy is currently reported for 80 countries. The highest value is 632.58 terawatt-hours in China; the lowest is -22.97 terawatt-hours in Taiwan.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.28 terawatt-hours, and the mean is 13.26 terawatt-hours.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 28.
Over the past decade 46 countries rose and 33 fell. The largest increase was in Trinidad and Tobago (up 516,666.0%), and the largest decrease in Kuwait (down 3,465.2%).
Annual change in primary energy from low-carbon energy: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 632.58 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 187.0% | volatile |
| 2 | USSR | 120.82 terawatt-hours | 1984 | up 285.3% | volatile |
| 3 | India | 100.34 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 11,081.7% | volatile |
| 4 | United States | 54.79 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 110.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Japan | 47.09 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 4.8% | volatile |
| 6 | Brazil | 31.39 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 8.9% | volatile |
| 7 | France | 29.67 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 1,359.4% | volatile |
| 8 | Pakistan | 19.53 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 60,799.1% | volatile |
| 9 | Vietnam | 16.41 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 375.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Colombia | 16.36 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 5,112.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Australia | 11.41 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 345.9% | volatile |
| 12 | Canada | 10.82 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 513.2% | volatile |
| 13 | South Africa | 9.85 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 559.2% | volatile |
| 14 | New Zealand | 9.06 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 15 | Saudi Arabia | 8.7 terawatt-hours | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 16 | Czechia | 8.04 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 178.2% | volatile |
| 17 | Italy | 7.32 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 206.6% | volatile |
| 18 | Egypt | 6.21 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 618.1% | volatile |
| 19 | Poland | 6.01 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 267.6% | volatile |
| 20 | Norway | 5.32 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 133.2% | volatile |
| 21 | Ecuador | 5.29 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 199.3% | volatile |
| 22 | Netherlands | 4.53 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 292.2% | volatile |
| 23 | Spain | 4.23 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 134.8% | volatile |
| 24 | United Arab Emirates | 4.15 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 38,471.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Belarus | 4.09 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 37,823.9% | volatile |
| 26 | Uzbekistan | 3.86 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 2,445.6% | volatile |
| 27 | Israel | 3.35 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 765.4% | volatile |
| 28 | Peru | 3.16 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 169.9% | volatile |
| 29 | Ukraine | 3.16 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 158.2% | volatile |
| 30 | Hungary | 3.04 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 446.7% | volatile |
| 31 | Oman | 2.64 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 105,346.0% | volatile |
| 32 | Turkey | 2.56 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 93.7% | volatile |
| 33 | Sri Lanka | 2.21 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 41.9% | volatile |
| 34 | Malaysia | 2.11 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 35 | Ireland | 1.75 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 19.8% | volatile |
| 36 | Lithuania | 1.6 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 401.4% | volatile |
| 37 | Germany | 1.6 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 87.5% | volatile |
| 38 | Qatar | 1.48 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 2,679.6% | volatile |
| 39 | Philippines | 1.43 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 40 | Finland | 1.39 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 45.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Argentina | 1.17 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 79.9% | volatile |
| 42 | North Macedonia | 1.11 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 42.9% | volatile |
| 43 | Slovakia | 0.8701 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 243.3% | volatile |
| 44 | Hong Kong | 0.5633 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 201.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Cyprus | 0.2349 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 182.1% | volatile |
| 46 | Bangladesh | 0.2214 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 47 | Morocco | 0.2027 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 76.1% | volatile |
| 48 | Bulgaria | 0.1847 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 58.9% | volatile |
| 49 | Denmark | 0.1772 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 77.0% | volatile |
| 50 | Singapore | 0.1644 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 30.4% | volatile |
| 51 | Estonia | 0.1495 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 34.0% | volatile |
| 52 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.1395 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 516,666.0% | volatile |
| 53 | Azerbaijan | 0.0823 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 76.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Turkmenistan | -0 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 101.3% | volatile |
| 55 | Algeria | -0.0138 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 56.8% | volatile |
| 56 | Kazakhstan | -0.0183 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 101.6% | volatile |
| 57 | Latvia | -0.0207 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 109.1% | volatile |
| 58 | Kuwait | -0.061 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 3,465.2% | volatile |
| 59 | Venezuela | -0.0754 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 98.7% | volatile |
| 60 | Croatia | -0.1618 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 92.9% | volatile |
| 61 | Luxembourg | -0.3889 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 294.8% | volatile |
| 62 | Portugal | -0.5683 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 90.9% | volatile |
| 63 | Romania | -0.6788 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 149.3% | volatile |
| 64 | Slovenia | -0.7674 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 83.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Iraq | -0.8278 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 186.4% | volatile |
| 66 | Russia | -1.54 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 104.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Mexico | -1.54 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 145.7% | volatile |
| 68 | Greece | -2.35 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 184.4% | volatile |
| 69 | United Kingdom | -3.98 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 108.0% | volatile |
| 70 | Iceland | -3.99 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 196.5% | volatile |
| 71 | Chile | -5.44 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 239.6% | volatile |
| 72 | Austria | -7.19 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 226.3% | volatile |
| 73 | Indonesia | -8.03 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 11.6% | volatile |
| 74 | Sweden | -8.79 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 16.9% | volatile |
| 75 | Iran | -10.67 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 239.8% | volatile |
| 76 | South Korea | -12.72 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 141.6% | volatile |
| 77 | Thailand | -18.64 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 186.8% | volatile |
| 78 | Belgium | -19.97 terawatt-hours | 2025 | up 2.1% | volatile |
| 79 | Switzerland | -22.61 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 73.8% | volatile |
| 80 | Taiwan | -22.97 terawatt-hours | 2025 | down 30.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
About this data
Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.