Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia
Estonia: Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity was 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour in 2025. ▼ Falling
Latest (2025)
319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour
Change on year
down 7.1%
World rank
138th
of 213 countries
All-time high
653.51 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour
in 1993
All-time low
319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour
in 2025
Years of data
36
1990–2025
Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia, 1990–2025
Source: Ember (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour.
Analysis
The most recent figure for lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia is 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour, measured in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 36 years on record.
That represents a change of down 7.1% on the previous year and down 44.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia peaked at 653.51 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour in 1993 and was at its lowest, 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour, in 2025.
That places Estonia 138th out of 213 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 36 years of available data.
Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia, year by year
| Year | grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 639.7 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | — |
| 1991 | 636.36 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.5% |
| 1992 | 650.04 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +2.1% |
| 1993 | 653.51 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.5% |
| 1994 | 650.27 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.5% |
| 1995 | 647.87 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.4% |
| 1996 | 647.97 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.0% |
| 1997 | 648.59 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.1% |
| 1998 | 646.78 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.3% |
| 1999 | 648.13 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.2% |
| 2000 | 634.55 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -2.1% |
| 2001 | 633.69 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.1% |
| 2002 | 634.23 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.1% |
| 2003 | 638.78 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.7% |
| 2004 | 639.19 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +0.1% |
| 2005 | 634.31 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.8% |
| 2006 | 632.07 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.4% |
| 2007 | 642.04 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +1.6% |
| 2008 | 633.27 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -1.4% |
| 2009 | 621.87 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -1.8% |
| 2010 | 609.87 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -1.9% |
| 2011 | 604.34 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.9% |
| 2012 | 592.81 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -1.9% |
| 2013 | 606.18 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +2.3% |
| 2014 | 595.98 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -1.7% |
| 2015 | 573.4 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -3.8% |
| 2016 | 588.33 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +2.6% |
| 2017 | 582.83 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -0.9% |
| 2018 | 573.97 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -1.5% |
| 2019 | 509.86 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -11.2% |
| 2020 | 404.61 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -20.6% |
| 2021 | 450.63 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +11.4% |
| 2022 | 487.7 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | +8.2% |
| 2023 | 395.47 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -18.9% |
| 2024 | 343.45 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -13.2% |
| 2025 | 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | -7.1% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour is below the median for high income countries, which is 417.06 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour, 77% of the median. (75 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 250.47 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour, 1.3× the median. (51 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 646.92 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 636.36 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 653.51 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 10 |
| 2000s | 634.4 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 621.87 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 642.04 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 10 |
| 2010s | 583.76 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 509.86 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 609.87 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 10 |
| 2020s | 400.17 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 487.7 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 135 Sri Lanka 329.28 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour compare
- 136 Honduras 322.12 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour compare
- 137 Suriname 321.84 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour compare
- 139 Liberia 315.79 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour compare
- 140 Greece 315.09 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour compare
- 141 Belarus 309.25 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour compare
More climate change data for Estonia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 22.20 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 871.8 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 170.85 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 700.96 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 0.6447 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 25.03 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 178.32 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 175.54 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 2.79 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 0.6624 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia?
- Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia was 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour in 2025, according to Ember (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 653.51 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour in 1993.
- What is the lowest lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 319.15 grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour in 2025.
- How does Estonia rank for lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity?
- Estonia ranks 138th out of 213 countries with data for 2025.
- Is lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 44.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Ember (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 36 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gases emitted per unit of generated electricity, measured in grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour.