Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs in Espinal
Espinal: Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs was 28.98 Degrees celsius in 2060. ▬ Flat
Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs in Espinal, 2030–2060
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degrees celsius.
Analysis
In 2060, climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas in Espinal stood at 28.98 Degrees celsius.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.3% on the previous year and down 0.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas in Espinal peaked at 29.08 Degrees celsius in 2058 and was at its lowest, 28.5 Degrees celsius, in 2030.
Espinal ranks 14th of 1372 regions on this measure, in the top 10%.
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2030s | 28.63 Degrees celsius | 28.5 Degrees celsius | 28.81 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2040s | 28.83 Degrees celsius | 28.56 Degrees celsius | 28.98 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2050s | 28.97 Degrees celsius | 28.84 Degrees celsius | 29.08 Degrees celsius | 10 |
| 2060s | 28.98 Degrees celsius | 28.98 Degrees celsius | 28.98 Degrees celsius | 1 |
More climate change data for Espinal
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities 20.59 Degrees celsius (2025)
- Air temperature, hot days, tropical nights and icing days - Cities -4.23 Degrees celsius (2025)
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs 1.35 Degrees celsius (2060)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.04 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.01 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.05 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from 0.04 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from power 0 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from road 0.08 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions total 0.22 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas in Espinal?
- Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas in Espinal was 28.98 Degrees celsius in 2060, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas recorded in Espinal?
- The highest recorded value was 29.08 Degrees celsius in 2058.
- What is the lowest climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas recorded in Espinal?
- The lowest recorded value was 28.5 Degrees celsius in 2030.
- How does Espinal rank for climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas?
- Espinal ranks 14th out of 1372 regions with data for 2060.
- Is climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – cities and fuas rising or falling in Espinal?
- Over the last ten years it is down 0.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
- Where does this Espinal data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Climate projections by scenario, 2030–2060 – Cities and FUAs — Projected air temperature. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 31 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
<p style="text-align: justify;">This dataset provides sub-national indicators on 2030-2060 projections by scenario on air temperature, hot days, icing days, tropical nights, total precipitation and extreme precipitation days in FUAs and Cities.</p> <h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <div class="text-gray-500 px-6">Projections are based on NASA NEX-GDDP CMIP6 data, which provides average air temperature projections at a 0.25° spatial resolution for different scenarios - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).</div> <div> <ul class="list-disc px-10"> <li><strong> Hot days refer to days during which the maximum temperature is higher than 35°C) </li> <li><strong> Tropical nights refer to nights during which the minimum temperature is higher than 20°C. </li> <li><strong> Icing days are defined as days during which the maximum temperature is lower than 0°C. </li> <li><strong>Extreme precipitation days are defined as days during which the total precipitation is higher than 20 mm. </li> </ul> </div> <div class="text-gray-500 px-6"> </div> <div class="text-gray-500 px-6">SSPs are climate scenarios up to 2100 that model how socio‑economic factors may change over the next century. These scenarios are combined with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), which outline different greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration levels and their radiative forcings. Radiative forcing quantifies how factors like GHGs, aerosols and solar changes affect Earth’s atmospheric energy balance. This dataset covers highlights four scenarios:</div> <div class="text-gray-500 px-10"> <ul class="list-disc px-10"> <li><strong>SSP1-2.6</strong>: Sustainability. 2.6 watts per square metre (W/m2) radiative forcing, 1.8°C warming by 2100.</li> <li><strong>SSP2-4.5</strong>: Middle-of-the-road. 4.5 W/m2 radiative forcing, 2.7°C warming by 2100.</li> <li><strong>SSP3-7.0</strong>: Regional rivalry. 7.0 W/m2 radiative forcing, 3.6°C warming by 2100.</li> <li><strong>SSP5-8.5</strong>: Fossil fuel development. 8.5 W/m2 radiative forcing, 4.4°C warming by 2100.</li> </ul> </div> <h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> The definition identifies 1 285 FUAs and 1 402 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p> <h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (<a href=http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/1vo >Climate projections by scenario, 2030-2060 – Cities and FUAs</a>), <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p> <h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>