emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei
Brunei: emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate was -3.51 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
Brunei recorded -3.51 % change on previous year for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in 2022.
That represents a change of up 12.0% on the previous year and down 130.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei peaked at 125.43 % change on previous year in 1966 and was at its lowest, -38.6 % change on previous year, in 1965.
Brunei ranks 204th of 219 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 0.1419 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 0.1416 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1753 | 0.1412 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1754 | 0.1407 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1755 | 0.1405 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1756 | 0.1402 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1757 | 0.1397 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1758 | 0.1395 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1759 | 0.139 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1760 | 0.1387 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1761 | 0.1376 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1762 | 0.1373 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1763 | 0.1369 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1764 | 0.1365 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1765 | 0.1361 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1766 | 0.1358 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1767 | 0.1355 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1768 | 0.135 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1769 | 0.1348 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1770 | 0.1343 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1771 | 0.1327 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1772 | 0.1325 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1773 | 0.1321 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1774 | 0.1316 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1775 | 0.1313 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1776 | 0.131 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1777 | 0.1307 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1778 | 0.1302 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1779 | 0.1299 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1780 | 0.1296 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1781 | 0.1274 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1782 | 0.1271 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1783 | 0.1268 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1784 | 0.1264 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1785 | 0.1261 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1786 | 0.1256 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1787 | 0.1252 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1788 | 0.125 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1789 | 0.1245 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1790 | 0.1242 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1791 | 0.1218 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1792 | 0.1212 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1793 | 0.1209 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1794 | 0.1205 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1795 | 0.1202 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1796 | 0.1198 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1797 | 0.1194 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1798 | 0.1191 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1799 | 0.1187 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1800 | 0.1182 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1801 | 0.1152 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1802 | 0.1148 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1803 | 0.1144 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1804 | 0.114 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1805 | 0.1137 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1806 | 0.1131 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1807 | 0.1129 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1808 | 0.1125 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1809 | 0.1121 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1810 | 0.1117 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1811 | 0.7919 % change on previous year | +609.0% |
| 1812 | 0.7843 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1813 | 0.7768 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1814 | 0.7696 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1815 | 0.7623 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1816 | 0.7553 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1817 | 0.7484 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1818 | 0.7416 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1819 | 0.7347 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1820 | 0.7282 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1821 | 0.7838 % change on previous year | +7.6% |
| 1822 | 0.7762 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1823 | 0.7687 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1824 | 0.7615 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1825 | 0.7543 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1826 | 0.7471 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1827 | 0.7402 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1828 | 0.7335 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1829 | 0.7266 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1830 | 0.7201 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1831 | 0.7747 % change on previous year | +7.6% |
| 1832 | 0.7672 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1833 | 0.7597 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1834 | 0.7524 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1835 | 0.7453 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1836 | 0.7381 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1837 | 0.7311 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1838 | 0.7244 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1839 | 0.7176 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1840 | 0.7108 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1841 | 0.7648 % change on previous year | +7.6% |
| 1842 | 0.7572 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1843 | 0.7497 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1844 | 0.7423 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1845 | 0.7351 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1846 | 0.728 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1847 | 0.721 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1848 | 0.7142 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1849 | 0.7074 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1850 | 0.7007 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1851 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +155.0% |
| 1852 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1853 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1854 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1855 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1856 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1857 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1858 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1859 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1860 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1861 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1862 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1863 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1864 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1865 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1866 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1867 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1868 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 1869 | 1.79 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1870 | -8.66 % change on previous year | -584.5% |
| 1871 | 6.15 % change on previous year | -171.0% |
| 1872 | 6.15 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1873 | 6.15 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1874 | 6.15 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1875 | 6.15 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1876 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -82.3% |
| 1877 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1878 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1879 | 1.09 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1880 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1881 | -0.6991 % change on previous year | -164.1% |
| 1882 | -0.699 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1883 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -263.3% |
| 1884 | 1.14 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 1885 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1886 | 1.14 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1887 | -9.38 % change on previous year | -921.6% |
| 1888 | 1.45 % change on previous year | -115.5% |
| 1889 | 1.45 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1890 | -0.0023 % change on previous year | -100.2% |
| 1891 | 4.65 % change on previous year | -199829.8% |
| 1892 | 4.65 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1893 | 4.65 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1894 | 4.65 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1895 | 4.65 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1896 | 2.3 % change on previous year | -50.6% |
| 1897 | 2.3 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1898 | 4.65 % change on previous year | +102.3% |
| 1899 | 4.65 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1900 | 4.65 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1901 | 4.67 % change on previous year | +0.4% |
| 1902 | -1.32 % change on previous year | -128.3% |
| 1903 | -1.32 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1904 | -1.32 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1905 | -1.32 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1906 | 5.9 % change on previous year | -547.0% |
| 1907 | 5.89 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1908 | 5.89 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1909 | 5.89 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1910 | 5.89 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1911 | 0.0298 % change on previous year | -99.5% |
| 1912 | 0.0298 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1913 | 0.0301 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1914 | 0.0304 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1915 | 0.0304 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1916 | 0.0307 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1917 | 0.0307 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1918 | 0.0312 % change on previous year | +1.9% |
| 1919 | 11.75 % change on previous year | +37517.2% |
| 1920 | 11.75 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1921 | 3.13 % change on previous year | -73.4% |
| 1922 | 3.13 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1923 | 3.13 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1924 | 3.13 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1925 | 3.13 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1926 | 2.46 % change on previous year | -21.2% |
| 1927 | 2.46 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1928 | 2.46 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1929 | 14.79 % change on previous year | +500.7% |
| 1930 | 14.79 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1931 | 3.53 % change on previous year | -76.2% |
| 1932 | 4.97 % change on previous year | +40.8% |
| 1933 | 4.35 % change on previous year | -12.4% |
| 1934 | 4.74 % change on previous year | +8.9% |
| 1935 | 3.63 % change on previous year | -23.4% |
| 1936 | 4.97 % change on previous year | +37.0% |
| 1937 | 6.56 % change on previous year | +31.9% |
| 1938 | 5.32 % change on previous year | -18.8% |
| 1939 | 5.09 % change on previous year | -4.4% |
| 1940 | 5.22 % change on previous year | +2.6% |
| 1941 | -1.38 % change on previous year | -126.5% |
| 1942 | 0.6731 % change on previous year | -148.7% |
| 1943 | 3.66 % change on previous year | +443.6% |
| 1944 | 3.55 % change on previous year | -3.1% |
| 1945 | -0.2184 % change on previous year | -106.2% |
| 1946 | 2.93 % change on previous year | -1443.1% |
| 1947 | 9.51 % change on previous year | +224.0% |
| 1948 | 6.75 % change on previous year | -29.0% |
| 1949 | 14.13 % change on previous year | +109.4% |
| 1950 | -2.03 % change on previous year | -114.4% |
| 1951 | 0.5096 % change on previous year | -125.1% |
| 1952 | -2.66 % change on previous year | -622.0% |
| 1953 | -0.2261 % change on previous year | -91.5% |
| 1954 | -3.3 % change on previous year | +1358.5% |
| 1955 | -11.63 % change on previous year | +252.6% |
| 1956 | -4.08 % change on previous year | -64.9% |
| 1957 | -6.27 % change on previous year | +53.5% |
| 1958 | -9.12 % change on previous year | +45.4% |
| 1959 | -4.74 % change on previous year | -48.1% |
| 1960 | -12.82 % change on previous year | +170.7% |
| 1961 | -12.83 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 1962 | -1.41 % change on previous year | -89.0% |
| 1963 | -20.68 % change on previous year | +1364.2% |
| 1964 | -10.5 % change on previous year | -49.2% |
| 1965 | -38.6 % change on previous year | +267.7% |
| 1966 | 125.43 % change on previous year | -424.9% |
| 1967 | -12.87 % change on previous year | -110.3% |
| 1968 | 7.09 % change on previous year | -155.1% |
| 1969 | 6.76 % change on previous year | -4.7% |
| 1970 | 22.89 % change on previous year | +238.7% |
| 1971 | -1.77 % change on previous year | -107.7% |
| 1972 | 1.5 % change on previous year | -184.5% |
| 1973 | 16.87 % change on previous year | +1025.5% |
| 1974 | -3.34 % change on previous year | -119.8% |
| 1975 | -5.26 % change on previous year | +57.6% |
| 1976 | 19.39 % change on previous year | -468.3% |
| 1977 | 9.76 % change on previous year | -49.6% |
| 1978 | 5.22 % change on previous year | -46.5% |
| 1979 | 2.51 % change on previous year | -51.9% |
| 1980 | 6.58 % change on previous year | +162.0% |
| 1981 | -5.09 % change on previous year | -177.3% |
| 1982 | 13.91 % change on previous year | -373.4% |
| 1983 | 10 % change on previous year | -28.2% |
| 1984 | 3.71 % change on previous year | -62.9% |
| 1985 | 8.7 % change on previous year | +134.5% |
| 1986 | 5.23 % change on previous year | -39.9% |
| 1987 | 6.08 % change on previous year | +16.3% |
| 1988 | 3.68 % change on previous year | -39.4% |
| 1989 | 1.36 % change on previous year | -63.1% |
| 1990 | 4.32 % change on previous year | +217.6% |
| 1991 | -2.22 % change on previous year | -151.5% |
| 1992 | -2.28 % change on previous year | +2.5% |
| 1993 | -5.34 % change on previous year | +134.2% |
| 1994 | -1.37 % change on previous year | -74.4% |
| 1995 | -6.12 % change on previous year | +348.2% |
| 1996 | -6.17 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1997 | -6.78 % change on previous year | +9.9% |
| 1998 | -13.8 % change on previous year | +103.5% |
| 1999 | -7.23 % change on previous year | -47.6% |
| 2000 | -4.78 % change on previous year | -33.9% |
| 2001 | -3.05 % change on previous year | -36.1% |
| 2002 | -6.88 % change on previous year | +125.6% |
| 2003 | 4.7 % change on previous year | -168.2% |
| 2004 | -7.21 % change on previous year | -253.4% |
| 2005 | -4.39 % change on previous year | -39.1% |
| 2006 | 17.44 % change on previous year | -497.3% |
| 2007 | -1.99 % change on previous year | -111.4% |
| 2008 | 6.38 % change on previous year | -421.3% |
| 2009 | -5.7 % change on previous year | -189.3% |
| 2010 | -5.49 % change on previous year | -3.6% |
| 2011 | 0.9042 % change on previous year | -116.5% |
| 2012 | -1.52 % change on previous year | -268.4% |
| 2013 | -2.3 % change on previous year | +51.3% |
| 2014 | -3.91 % change on previous year | +69.8% |
| 2015 | -6.17 % change on previous year | +57.7% |
| 2016 | 2.99 % change on previous year | -148.4% |
| 2017 | -5.58 % change on previous year | -286.8% |
| 2018 | -9.37 % change on previous year | +67.9% |
| 2019 | -3.91 % change on previous year | -58.3% |
| 2020 | -11.54 % change on previous year | +195.5% |
| 2021 | -3.99 % change on previous year | -65.4% |
| 2022 | -3.51 % change on previous year | -12.0% |
Brunei compared with similar countries
- Brunei's -3.51 % change on previous year is below the median for high income countries, which is -0.2183 % change on previous year, 16.1× the median. (78 countries reporting)
- Brunei's -3.51 % change on previous year is below the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is -1.94 % change on previous year, 1.8× the median. (34 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1891 | +199829.8% | -0.0023 % change on previous year | 4.65 % change on previous year |
| 1919 | +37517.2% | 0.0312 % change on previous year | 11.75 % change on previous year |
| 1946 | +1443.1% | -0.2184 % change on previous year | 2.93 % change on previous year |
| 1963 | -1364.2% | -1.41 % change on previous year | -20.68 % change on previous year |
| 1954 | -1358.5% | -0.2261 % change on previous year | -3.3 % change on previous year |
| 1973 | +1025.5% | 1.5 % change on previous year | 16.87 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 0.1405 % change on previous year | 0.139 % change on previous year | 0.1419 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 0.1364 % change on previous year | 0.1348 % change on previous year | 0.1387 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 0.1316 % change on previous year | 0.1299 % change on previous year | 0.1343 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 0.1264 % change on previous year | 0.1245 % change on previous year | 0.1296 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 0.1206 % change on previous year | 0.1187 % change on previous year | 0.1242 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 0.1141 % change on previous year | 0.1121 % change on previous year | 0.1182 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 0.6977 % change on previous year | 0.1117 % change on previous year | 0.7919 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 0.752 % change on previous year | 0.7266 % change on previous year | 0.7838 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 0.7431 % change on previous year | 0.7176 % change on previous year | 0.7747 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 0.7331 % change on previous year | 0.7074 % change on previous year | 0.7648 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 1.68 % change on previous year | 0.7007 % change on previous year | 1.79 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 1.79 % change on previous year | 1.79 % change on previous year | 1.79 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 2.64 % change on previous year | -8.66 % change on previous year | 6.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | -0.2215 % change on previous year | -9.38 % change on previous year | 1.45 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 3.71 % change on previous year | -0.0023 % change on previous year | 4.65 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 2.76 % change on previous year | -1.32 % change on previous year | 5.9 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | 1.79 % change on previous year | 0.0298 % change on previous year | 11.75 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 4.96 % change on previous year | 2.46 % change on previous year | 14.79 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 5.79 % change on previous year | 3.53 % change on previous year | 14.79 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | 4.48 % change on previous year | -1.38 % change on previous year | 14.13 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | -4.35 % change on previous year | -11.63 % change on previous year | 0.5096 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | 2.96 % change on previous year | -38.6 % change on previous year | 125.43 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | 6.78 % change on previous year | -5.26 % change on previous year | 22.89 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | 5.42 % change on previous year | -5.09 % change on previous year | 13.91 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | -4.7 % change on previous year | -13.8 % change on previous year | 4.32 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | -0.5474 % change on previous year | -7.21 % change on previous year | 17.44 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.44 % change on previous year | -9.37 % change on previous year | 2.99 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | -6.35 % change on previous year | -11.54 % change on previous year | -3.51 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near Brunei
- 201 Marshall Islands -3.34 % change on previous year compare
- 202 Croatia -3.39 % change on previous year compare
- 203 Montenegro -3.43 % change on previous year compare
- 205 Taiwan -3.74 % change on previous year compare
- 206 Niue -3.91 % change on previous year compare
- 207 Estonia -3.94 % change on previous year compare
More climate change data for Brunei
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 218.54 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176.15 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 42.4 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 0.6647 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 1.51 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 7.37 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 1.62 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 5.76 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 0.0061 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 0.2056 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei?
- Emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Brunei was -3.51 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Brunei?
- The highest recorded value was 125.43 % change on previous year in 1966.
- What is the lowest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Brunei?
- The lowest recorded value was -38.6 % change on previous year in 1965.
- How does Brunei rank for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate?
- Brunei ranks 204th out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate rising or falling in Brunei?
- Over the last ten years it is down 130.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Brunei data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 272 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- emissions of air pollutants Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.