emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna: emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate was -2.7 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
The most recent figure for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna is -2.7 % change on previous year, measured in 2022.
That represents a change of down 707.6% on the previous year and down 34.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna peaked at 38.83 % change on previous year in 2001 and was at its lowest, -14.56 % change on previous year, in 2000.
That places Wallis and Futuna 186th out of 219 countries with data for 2022, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 0.5262 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 0.5234 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1753 | 0.521 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1754 | 0.518 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1755 | 0.5156 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1756 | 0.5127 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1757 | 0.5103 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1758 | 0.5075 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1759 | 0.5052 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1760 | 0.5024 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1761 | 0.5264 % change on previous year | +4.8% |
| 1762 | 0.5234 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1763 | 0.5209 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1764 | 0.518 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1765 | 0.5156 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1766 | 0.5127 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1767 | 0.5103 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1768 | 0.5077 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1769 | 0.5049 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1770 | 0.5026 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1771 | 0.5262 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1772 | 0.5237 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1773 | 0.5207 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1774 | 0.518 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1775 | 0.5156 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1776 | 0.5127 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1777 | 0.5101 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1778 | 0.5078 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1779 | 0.505 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1780 | 0.5026 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1781 | 0.5263 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1782 | 0.5235 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1783 | 0.5208 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1784 | 0.5181 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1785 | 0.5156 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1786 | 0.5128 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1787 | 0.5102 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1788 | 0.5076 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1789 | 0.505 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1790 | 0.5027 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1791 | 0.5262 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1792 | 0.5235 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1793 | 0.521 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1794 | 0.5181 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1795 | 0.5154 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1796 | 0.513 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1797 | 0.5101 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1798 | 0.5075 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1799 | 0.5052 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1800 | 0.5024 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1801 | 0.5263 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1802 | 0.5235 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1803 | 0.5208 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1804 | 0.5181 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1805 | 0.5154 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1806 | 0.5128 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1807 | 0.5102 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1808 | 0.5076 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1809 | 0.5052 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1810 | 0.5025 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1811 | 0.5555 % change on previous year | +10.6% |
| 1812 | 0.5525 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1813 | 0.5494 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1814 | 0.5464 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1815 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1816 | 0.5405 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1817 | 0.5376 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1818 | 0.5347 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1819 | 0.5319 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1820 | 0.5291 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1821 | 0.5556 % change on previous year | +5.0% |
| 1822 | 0.5525 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1823 | 0.5495 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1824 | 0.5465 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1825 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1826 | 0.5405 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1827 | 0.5376 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1828 | 0.5348 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1829 | 0.5319 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1830 | 0.5291 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1831 | 0.5556 % change on previous year | +5.0% |
| 1832 | 0.5525 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1833 | 0.5495 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1834 | 0.5465 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1835 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1836 | 0.5405 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1837 | 0.5376 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1838 | 0.5348 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1839 | 0.5319 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1840 | 0.5291 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1841 | 0.5556 % change on previous year | +5.0% |
| 1842 | 0.5524 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1843 | 0.5495 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1844 | 0.5464 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1845 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1846 | 0.5404 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1847 | 0.5377 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1848 | 0.5348 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1849 | 0.5318 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1850 | 0.5292 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1851 | 0.5555 % change on previous year | +5.0% |
| 1852 | 0.5524 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1853 | 0.5495 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1854 | 0.5464 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1855 | 0.5436 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1856 | 0.5405 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1857 | 0.5376 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1858 | 0.5347 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1859 | 0.532 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1860 | 0.5291 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1861 | 0.3449 % change on previous year | -34.8% |
| 1862 | 0.3436 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1863 | 0.3425 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1864 | 0.3412 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1865 | 0.3401 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1866 | 0.3391 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1867 | 0.3378 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1868 | 0.3368 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1869 | 0.3355 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1870 | 0.3345 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1871 | 0.3448 % change on previous year | +3.1% |
| 1872 | 0.3436 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1873 | 0.3424 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1874 | 0.3414 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1875 | 0.3401 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1876 | 0.339 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1877 | 0.3378 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1878 | 0.3367 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1879 | 0.3357 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1880 | 0.3344 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1881 | 0.3449 % change on previous year | +3.1% |
| 1882 | 0.3435 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1883 | 0.3425 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1884 | 0.3413 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1885 | 0.3402 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1886 | 0.339 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1887 | 0.3377 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1888 | 0.3367 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1889 | 0.3356 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1890 | 0.3345 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1891 | 0.3448 % change on previous year | +3.1% |
| 1892 | 0.3436 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1893 | 0.3426 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1894 | 0.3413 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1895 | 0.3401 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1896 | 0.3391 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1897 | 0.3378 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1898 | 0.3367 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1899 | 0.3357 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1900 | 0.3344 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 1901 | 1.14 % change on previous year | +241.1% |
| 1902 | 1.13 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1903 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1904 | 1.11 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1905 | 1.1 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1906 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1907 | 1.08 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1908 | 1.07 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1909 | 1.07 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1910 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1911 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1912 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1913 | 1.03 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1914 | 1.02 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1915 | 1.02 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1916 | 1.01 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1917 | 0.9999 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1918 | 0.9923 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1919 | 0.9849 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1920 | 0.9776 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1921 | 3.03 % change on previous year | +210.4% |
| 1922 | 2.95 % change on previous year | -2.7% |
| 1923 | 2.88 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1924 | 2.8 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1925 | 2.73 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1926 | 2.67 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1927 | 2.61 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1928 | 2.55 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1929 | 2.49 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1930 | 2.43 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1931 | 2.96 % change on previous year | +21.8% |
| 1932 | 2.91 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1933 | 2.86 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1934 | 2.81 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1935 | 2.76 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1936 | 2.71 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1937 | 2.67 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1938 | 2.62 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1939 | 2.58 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1940 | 3.9 % change on previous year | +50.9% |
| 1941 | 3.77 % change on previous year | -3.3% |
| 1942 | 3.67 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1943 | 3.58 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1944 | 3.49 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1945 | 3.4 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1946 | 3.33 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1947 | 3.25 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1948 | 3.18 % change on previous year | -2.2% |
| 1949 | 3.11 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1950 | 3.05 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1951 | 3.63 % change on previous year | +19.2% |
| 1952 | 4.48 % change on previous year | +23.5% |
| 1953 | 4.84 % change on previous year | +7.9% |
| 1954 | 4.85 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 1955 | 4.64 % change on previous year | -4.3% |
| 1956 | 4.35 % change on previous year | -6.2% |
| 1957 | 4.05 % change on previous year | -6.9% |
| 1958 | 3.83 % change on previous year | -5.4% |
| 1959 | 3.78 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1960 | 3.84 % change on previous year | +1.3% |
| 1961 | 3.11 % change on previous year | -19.0% |
| 1962 | 1.97 % change on previous year | -36.5% |
| 1963 | 1.66 % change on previous year | -15.9% |
| 1964 | 1.08 % change on previous year | -35.2% |
| 1965 | 0.3268 % change on previous year | -69.6% |
| 1966 | -0.5102 % change on previous year | -256.1% |
| 1967 | -1.11 % change on previous year | +117.0% |
| 1968 | -1.2 % change on previous year | +8.3% |
| 1969 | -1.63 % change on previous year | +35.8% |
| 1970 | -2.04 % change on previous year | +25.2% |
| 1971 | -2.51 % change on previous year | +23.4% |
| 1972 | -3.1 % change on previous year | +23.4% |
| 1973 | -2.22 % change on previous year | -28.5% |
| 1974 | -1.28 % change on previous year | -42.3% |
| 1975 | -0.2586 % change on previous year | -79.8% |
| 1976 | 1.21 % change on previous year | -567.9% |
| 1977 | 2.13 % change on previous year | +76.0% |
| 1978 | 3.01 % change on previous year | +41.2% |
| 1979 | 3.54 % change on previous year | +17.6% |
| 1980 | 3.2 % change on previous year | -9.4% |
| 1981 | 2.66 % change on previous year | -17.1% |
| 1982 | 2.27 % change on previous year | -14.5% |
| 1983 | 2 % change on previous year | -12.0% |
| 1984 | 0.8849 % change on previous year | -55.8% |
| 1985 | 3.63 % change on previous year | +310.1% |
| 1986 | -0.021 % change on previous year | -100.6% |
| 1987 | -1.21 % change on previous year | +5639.4% |
| 1988 | -2.26 % change on previous year | +87.6% |
| 1989 | -3 % change on previous year | +32.7% |
| 1990 | 35.31 % change on previous year | -1276.1% |
| 1991 | -4.07 % change on previous year | -111.5% |
| 1992 | -4.33 % change on previous year | +6.4% |
| 1993 | -4.17 % change on previous year | -3.8% |
| 1994 | -3.77 % change on previous year | -9.6% |
| 1995 | -6.83 % change on previous year | +81.3% |
| 1996 | -2.8 % change on previous year | -59.0% |
| 1997 | -1.78 % change on previous year | -36.2% |
| 1998 | -1.55 % change on previous year | -13.4% |
| 1999 | -1.29 % change on previous year | -16.8% |
| 2000 | -14.56 % change on previous year | +1032.3% |
| 2001 | 38.83 % change on previous year | -366.6% |
| 2002 | 15.41 % change on previous year | -60.3% |
| 2003 | -3.49 % change on previous year | -122.6% |
| 2004 | -7.82 % change on previous year | +124.1% |
| 2005 | 1.18 % change on previous year | -115.1% |
| 2006 | -3.03 % change on previous year | -356.1% |
| 2007 | -6.07 % change on previous year | +100.1% |
| 2008 | -10.4 % change on previous year | +71.4% |
| 2009 | 7.38 % change on previous year | -171.0% |
| 2010 | 0.8893 % change on previous year | -88.0% |
| 2011 | -10.01 % change on previous year | -1225.4% |
| 2012 | -2 % change on previous year | -80.0% |
| 2013 | -2.97 % change on previous year | +48.3% |
| 2014 | -5.65 % change on previous year | +90.5% |
| 2015 | 5.92 % change on previous year | -204.7% |
| 2016 | -7.15 % change on previous year | -220.7% |
| 2017 | -0.815 % change on previous year | -88.6% |
| 2018 | 2.03 % change on previous year | -349.5% |
| 2019 | 0.5438 % change on previous year | -73.3% |
| 2020 | -1.79 % change on previous year | -429.6% |
| 2021 | -0.3338 % change on previous year | -81.4% |
| 2022 | -2.7 % change on previous year | +707.6% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | -5639.4% | -0.021 % change on previous year | -1.21 % change on previous year |
| 1990 | +1276.1% | -3 % change on previous year | 35.31 % change on previous year |
| 2011 | -1225.4% | 0.8893 % change on previous year | -10.01 % change on previous year |
| 2000 | -1032.3% | -1.29 % change on previous year | -14.56 % change on previous year |
| 2022 | -707.6% | -0.3338 % change on previous year | -2.7 % change on previous year |
| 1976 | +567.9% | -0.2586 % change on previous year | 1.21 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 0.5156 % change on previous year | 0.5052 % change on previous year | 0.5262 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 0.5142 % change on previous year | 0.5024 % change on previous year | 0.5264 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 0.5142 % change on previous year | 0.5026 % change on previous year | 0.5262 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 0.5142 % change on previous year | 0.5026 % change on previous year | 0.5263 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 0.5143 % change on previous year | 0.5027 % change on previous year | 0.5262 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 0.5143 % change on previous year | 0.5024 % change on previous year | 0.5263 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 0.5395 % change on previous year | 0.5025 % change on previous year | 0.5555 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 0.5421 % change on previous year | 0.5291 % change on previous year | 0.5556 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 0.5421 % change on previous year | 0.5291 % change on previous year | 0.5556 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 0.5421 % change on previous year | 0.5291 % change on previous year | 0.5556 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 0.5421 % change on previous year | 0.5292 % change on previous year | 0.5555 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 0.359 % change on previous year | 0.3355 % change on previous year | 0.5291 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 0.3396 % change on previous year | 0.3345 % change on previous year | 0.3448 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 0.3396 % change on previous year | 0.3344 % change on previous year | 0.3449 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 0.3396 % change on previous year | 0.3345 % change on previous year | 0.3448 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 1.03 % change on previous year | 0.3344 % change on previous year | 1.14 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | 1.02 % change on previous year | 0.9849 % change on previous year | 1.06 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 2.57 % change on previous year | 0.9776 % change on previous year | 3.03 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 2.73 % change on previous year | 2.43 % change on previous year | 2.96 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | 3.47 % change on previous year | 3.11 % change on previous year | 3.9 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | 4.15 % change on previous year | 3.05 % change on previous year | 4.85 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | 0.7535 % change on previous year | -1.63 % change on previous year | 3.84 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | -0.1533 % change on previous year | -3.1 % change on previous year | 3.54 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.8158 % change on previous year | -3 % change on previous year | 3.63 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.4729 % change on previous year | -6.83 % change on previous year | 35.31 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.74 % change on previous year | -14.56 % change on previous year | 38.83 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | -1.92 % change on previous year | -10.01 % change on previous year | 5.92 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.61 % change on previous year | -2.7 % change on previous year | -0.3338 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near Wallis and Futuna
- 183 Italy -2.55 % change on previous year compare
- 184 Latvia -2.57 % change on previous year compare
- 185 Finland -2.65 % change on previous year compare
- 187 Morocco -2.7 % change on previous year compare
- 188 Australia -2.79 % change on previous year compare
- 189 Palau -2.79 % change on previous year compare
More climate change data for Wallis and Futuna
- Share of global CO₂ emissions and population 0.0% (2100)
- CO₂ emissions per capita 2.7 tonnes per person (2024)
- Per capita CO₂ emissions vs. per capita energy use 2.7 tonnes per person (2024)
- CO₂ emissions per capita vs. fossil fuel consumption per capita 2.7 tonnes per person (2024)
- Share of global CO₂ emissions from oil 0.0% (2024)
- Share of global CO₂ emissions from flaring 0.0% (2024)
- Cumulative CO₂ emissions 865,762 tonnes (2024)
- Share of cumulative CO₂ emissions from oil 0.0% (2024)
- Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions from cement 0.0% (2024)
- Cumulative CO₂ emissions, annual growth rate 3.65 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna?
- Emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in Wallis and Futuna was -2.7 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Wallis and Futuna?
- The highest recorded value was 38.83 % change on previous year in 2001.
- What is the lowest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in Wallis and Futuna?
- The lowest recorded value was -14.56 % change on previous year in 2000.
- How does Wallis and Futuna rank for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate?
- Wallis and Futuna ranks 186th out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate rising or falling in Wallis and Futuna?
- Over the last ten years it is down 34.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Wallis and Futuna data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 272 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- emissions of air pollutants Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.