IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5), per square kilometre by country
IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
186
Highest
31.83 kt per square kilometre
Singapore
Lowest
0 kt per square kilometre
Marshall Islands
Median
0.0159 kt per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
10,734
What the numbers show
IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5), per square kilometre is currently reported for 186 countries. The highest value is 31.83 kt per square kilometre in Singapore; the lowest is 0 kt per square kilometre in Marshall Islands.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0159 kt per square kilometre, and the mean is 0.3217 kt per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 136 countries rose and 50 fell. The largest increase was in Mongolia (up 782.1%), and the largest decrease in Marshall Islands (down 97.4%).
IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5), per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 31.83 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.1% | volatile |
| 2 | Bahrain | 7.61 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.7% | rising |
| 3 | Monaco | 5.08 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.3% | falling |
| 4 | Trinidad and Tobago | 3.11 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.9% | volatile |
| 5 | Qatar | 1.68 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 6 | Kuwait | 1.3 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.1% | volatile |
| 7 | Mauritius | 0.6548 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 73.1% | volatile |
| 8 | United Arab Emirates | 0.5862 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.1% | volatile |
| 9 | Malta | 0.5154 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 10 | Grenada | 0.4633 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.3% | volatile |
| 11 | Belgium | 0.4464 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.5% | flat |
| 12 | Israel | 0.4281 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.2% | volatile |
| 13 | Lebanon | 0.3838 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.6% | volatile |
| 14 | San Marino | 0.2808 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.7% | rising |
| 15 | Barbados | 0.2535 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.3% | volatile |
| 16 | Japan | 0.2258 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 17 | Vietnam | 0.2111 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 82.1% | volatile |
| 18 | Luxembourg | 0.1967 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 19 | China | 0.1825 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.6% | volatile |
| 20 | Cyprus | 0.1476 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.5% | rising |
| 21 | Thailand | 0.1367 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 22 | Saint Lucia | 0.1329 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.5% | volatile |
| 23 | Germany | 0.1244 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 24 | Slovakia | 0.1169 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 25 | India | 0.1123 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.1% | volatile |
| 26 | Brunei | 0.1035 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.6% | volatile |
| 27 | Italy | 0.098 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.8% | flat |
| 28 | Czechia | 0.0956 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 29 | Switzerland | 0.0902 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.4% | flat |
| 30 | Dominican Republic | 0.089 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 88.1% | volatile |
| 31 | United Kingdom | 0.0883 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.9% | falling |
| 32 | Malaysia | 0.0801 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.9% | volatile |
| 33 | Croatia | 0.0747 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 34 | Turkey | 0.0741 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 35 | Austria | 0.0736 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.2% | flat |
| 36 | Poland | 0.0718 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.4% | falling |
| 37 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0702 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Portugal | 0.07 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 39 | Greece | 0.0673 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 40 | Egypt | 0.065 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.3% | volatile |
| 41 | Jordan | 0.0616 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.0% | volatile |
| 42 | Hungary | 0.0591 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.0% | falling |
| 43 | North Macedonia | 0.0587 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 44 | Philippines | 0.0585 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.3% | volatile |
| 45 | Slovenia | 0.0579 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | falling |
| 46 | Lithuania | 0.0574 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.3% | rising |
| 47 | Albania | 0.0556 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.1% | volatile |
| 48 | Jamaica | 0.053 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 49 | Liechtenstein | 0.0521 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.9% | rising |
| 50 | Oman | 0.0505 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.9% | volatile |
| 51 | Bangladesh | 0.0482 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.4% | volatile |
| 52 | Pakistan | 0.048 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 53 | Romania | 0.0477 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 54 | Andorra | 0.0468 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.0% | rising |
| 55 | France | 0.0455 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 35.1% | falling |
| 56 | Sri Lanka | 0.0454 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 190.1% | volatile |
| 57 | Iraq | 0.0447 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 133.7% | volatile |
| 58 | Denmark | 0.0409 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 59 | United States | 0.0409 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.3% | rising |
| 60 | Georgia | 0.0408 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 61 | Syria | 0.0406 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.2% | volatile |
| 62 | El Salvador | 0.0401 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.6% | volatile |
| 63 | Ireland | 0.0397 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 64 | Azerbaijan | 0.0384 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.6% | volatile |
| 65 | Spain | 0.0378 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 40.7% | rising |
| 66 | Tunisia | 0.0377 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Cambodia | 0.0376 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 774.5% | volatile |
| 68 | Indonesia | 0.0367 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.9% | volatile |
| 69 | Bulgaria | 0.0357 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.6% | falling |
| 70 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0355 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 71 | Serbia | 0.0327 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.6% | falling |
| 72 | Nigeria | 0.0315 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 97.5% | volatile |
| 73 | Togo | 0.0315 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 123.0% | volatile |
| 74 | Armenia | 0.031 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 124.3% | volatile |
| 75 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0302 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 76 | Norway | 0.0287 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.9% | falling |
| 77 | Moldova | 0.0286 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.8% | rising |
| 78 | South Africa | 0.0266 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 79 | Belarus | 0.0244 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.0% | rising |
| 80 | Mexico | 0.0243 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 81 | Senegal | 0.0233 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.7% | volatile |
| 82 | Laos | 0.0212 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 483.3% | volatile |
| 83 | Panama | 0.0201 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0201 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 720.8% | volatile |
| 85 | Costa Rica | 0.0198 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 86 | Ukraine | 0.0195 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 54.5% | falling |
| 87 | Tajikistan | 0.0188 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 126.0% | falling |
| 88 | Iceland | 0.0186 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 89 | Bhutan | 0.0179 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.3% | volatile |
| 90 | Rwanda | 0.0174 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 524.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Chile | 0.0165 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 122.7% | volatile |
| 92 | Nepal | 0.0163 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.2% | volatile |
| 93 | Maldives | 0.0161 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 63.6% | volatile |
| 94 | Uzbekistan | 0.0158 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 95 | Guatemala | 0.0158 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.8% | volatile |
| 96 | New Zealand | 0.0157 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.7% | rising |
| 97 | Montenegro | 0.0156 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.8% | falling |
| 98 | Yemen | 0.0152 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 73.7% | volatile |
| 99 | Cuba | 0.0151 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.3% | rising |
| 100 | Latvia | 0.0147 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 101 | Morocco | 0.0147 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.5% | volatile |
| 102 | Finland | 0.0133 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.3% | rising |
| 103 | Honduras | 0.0133 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.3% | volatile |
| 104 | Colombia | 0.0131 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.0% | volatile |
| 105 | Burundi | 0.013 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 143.0% | volatile |
| 106 | Sweden | 0.0128 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 107 | Ecuador | 0.0127 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Benin | 0.0122 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 142.5% | volatile |
| 109 | Fiji | 0.0122 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 127.6% | volatile |
| 110 | Cameroon | 0.0118 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 145.6% | volatile |
| 111 | Russia | 0.0106 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 112 | Ghana | 0.0103 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 139.6% | rising |
| 113 | Algeria | 0.0098 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 88.1% | volatile |
| 114 | Argentina | 0.0092 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.5% | volatile |
| 115 | Burkina Faso | 0.0086 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 240.5% | volatile |
| 116 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.0085 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 143.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Malawi | 0.0085 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 129.1% | volatile |
| 118 | Djibouti | 0.0082 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 203.9% | volatile |
| 119 | Aruba | 0.0078 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.7% | rising |
| 120 | Brazil | 0.0072 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 121 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0067 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.1% | volatile |
| 122 | Kenya | 0.0067 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 118.5% | volatile |
| 123 | Turkmenistan | 0.0062 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.1% | volatile |
| 124 | Myanmar | 0.006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 303.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Seychelles | 0.0059 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.7% | volatile |
| 126 | Estonia | 0.0058 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 69.8% | falling |
| 127 | Peru | 0.0056 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.0% | volatile |
| 128 | Gabon | 0.0053 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 173.2% | volatile |
| 129 | Kazakhstan | 0.0053 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.1% | volatile |
| 130 | Canada | 0.0051 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 131 | Haiti | 0.005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 128.7% | volatile |
| 132 | Uganda | 0.0042 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.8% | volatile |
| 133 | Libya | 0.004 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 81.8% | volatile |
| 134 | Nicaragua | 0.0038 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.2% | volatile |
| 135 | Nauru | 0.0038 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 136 | Samoa | 0.0038 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.9% | volatile |
| 137 | Guinea | 0.0036 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 148.7% | volatile |
| 138 | Zimbabwe | 0.0036 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.1% | falling |
| 139 | Australia | 0.0035 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 140 | Mozambique | 0.0035 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.7% | volatile |
| 141 | Belize | 0.0034 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.7% | rising |
| 142 | Uruguay | 0.0034 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 143 | Ethiopia | 0.0028 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.6% | volatile |
| 144 | Tuvalu | 0.0028 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 145 | Paraguay | 0.0028 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.0% | volatile |
| 146 | Somalia | 0.0027 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 158.7% | volatile |
| 147 | Congo | 0.0022 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 195.2% | volatile |
| 148 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 49.4% | rising |
| 149 | Liberia | 0.002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 124.6% | volatile |
| 150 | Dominica | 0.0019 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 151 | Zambia | 0.0019 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.2% | rising |
| 152 | Madagascar | 0.0018 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 108.7% | volatile |
| 153 | Afghanistan | 0.0017 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.5% | volatile |
| 154 | Angola | 0.0016 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 155 | Tonga | 0.0015 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 36.5% | rising |
| 156 | British Virgin Islands | 0.0015 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 52.1% | volatile |
| 157 | Sudan | 0.0014 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.9% | rising |
| 158 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0014 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.3% | rising |
| 159 | Lesotho | 0.0013 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.8% | rising |
| 160 | Kiribati | 0.0013 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.4% | rising |
| 161 | Comoros | 0.0012 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 162 | Palau | 0.0011 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 56.8% | volatile |
| 163 | Mali | 0.0011 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 208.2% | volatile |
| 164 | Mongolia | 0.0011 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 782.1% | volatile |
| 165 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.3% | rising |
| 166 | Namibia | 0.001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.0% | volatile |
| 167 | Botswana | 0.0008 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 136.8% | volatile |
| 168 | Mauritania | 0.0008 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 161.1% | volatile |
| 169 | Central African Republic | 0.0007 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 156.0% | volatile |
| 170 | Chad | 0.0007 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 165.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Eritrea | 0.0007 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.5% | volatile |
| 172 | South Sudan | 0.0006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 98.5% | rising |
| 173 | Eswatini | 0.0006 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.8% | rising |
| 174 | Niger | 0.0005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 140.9% | volatile |
| 175 | Gambia | 0.0005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 176 | Bahamas | 0.0005 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.8% | volatile |
| 177 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.0003 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.2% | volatile |
| 178 | Sierra Leone | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 179 | Vanuatu | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.9% | rising |
| 180 | East Timor | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 50.3% | volatile |
| 181 | Solomon Islands | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 27.8% | volatile |
| 182 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.0002 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.1% | rising |
| 183 | Suriname | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 61.2% | volatile |
| 184 | Guyana | 0.0001 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | up 554.6% | volatile |
| 185 | Papua New Guinea | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 61.9% | volatile |
| 186 | Marshall Islands | 0 kt per square kilometre | 2023 | down 97.4% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 0.0341 kt per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
IPPU — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.