Land-use change — Emissions (CO2) by country

Name: Land-use change — Emissions (CO2)
Creator: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (FAO)

Countries reporting

176

Highest

1.24 million kt

Brazil

Lowest

0 kt

Micronesia (Federated States of)

Median

445.88 kt

Years covered

1990–2023

Data points

9,601

What the numbers show

Land-use change — Emissions (CO2) is currently reported for 176 countries. The highest value is 1.24 million kt in Brazil; the lowest is 0 kt in Micronesia (Federated States of).

The median across all reporting countries is 445.88 kt, and the mean is 18,342 kt.

Over the past decade 38 countries rose and 92 fell. The largest increase was in Slovenia (up 25,741.5%), and the largest decrease in American Samoa (down 100.0%).

Land-use change — Emissions (CO2): full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	Brazil	1.24 million kt	2023	up 36.2%	falling
2	Indonesia	192,983 kt	2023	down 27.3%	volatile
3	Democratic Republic of the Congo	156,015 kt	2023	down 71.7%	falling
4	OECD	147,607 kt	2023	up 137.8%	falling
5	Peru	130,591 kt	2023	down 0.3%	falling
6	Canada	92,700 kt	2023	—	volatile
7	Cambodia	71,652 kt	2023	down 25.9%	volatile
8	Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	62,649 kt	2023	up 48.9%	falling
9	Myanmar	61,697 kt	2023	down 0.4%	falling
10	Cameroon	60,852 kt	2023	up 101.6%	rising
11	United Republic of Tanzania	59,157 kt	2023	up 16.4%	rising
12	Argentina	58,890 kt	2023	down 29.0%	falling
13	Colombia	56,373 kt	2023	up 29.3%	falling
14	Malaysia	54,091 kt	2023	up 871.0%	falling
15	Thailand	53,420 kt	2023	up 1,867.4%	volatile
16	Nigeria	44,152 kt	2023	up 0.0%	flat
17	Mozambique	43,452 kt	2023	down 0.1%	flat
18	Paraguay	36,769 kt	2023	down 39.4%	falling
19	Cote d'Ivoire	33,005 kt	2023	down 33.9%	falling
19	Côte d'Ivoire	33,005 kt	2023	down 33.9%	falling
21	Madagascar	32,618 kt	2023	down 26.9%	rising
22	Angola	32,316 kt	2023	up 0.0%	rising
23	Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	27,302 kt	2023	down 48.9%	falling
24	Central African Republic	25,014 kt	2023	up 33.2%	rising
25	Romania	24,017 kt	2023	up 658.0%	volatile
26	Liberia	22,832 kt	2023	down 65.2%	volatile
27	Mali	21,684 kt	2023	down 23.0%	rising
28	Chad	20,638 kt	2023	down 0.1%	rising
29	United States	19,193 kt	2023	—	volatile
30	Guinea	19,071 kt	2023	down 1.6%	flat
31	Zimbabwe	17,549 kt	2023	down 11.2%	falling
32	Laos	17,511 kt	2023	down 3.6%	rising
32	Lao People's Democratic Republic	17,511 kt	2023	down 3.6%	rising
34	Burkina Faso	17,147 kt	2023	down 1.7%	falling
35	Guatemala	15,875 kt	2023	up 85.3%	falling
36	Mexico	14,793 kt	2023	up 6.4%	falling
37	Ecuador	12,218 kt	2023	down 40.0%	falling
38	Suriname	11,766 kt	2023	up 289.8%	volatile
39	Zambia	9,832 kt	2023	down 48.3%	volatile
40	Sweden	9,427 kt	2023	down 17.3%	rising
41	Sudan	8,894 kt	2023	up 33.9%	rising
42	Guyana	8,078 kt	2023	down 34.7%	rising
43	Ethiopia	7,989 kt	2023	down 67.0%	falling
44	Benin	7,502 kt	2023	down 77.3%	falling
45	Uganda	7,373 kt	2023	down 49.5%	falling
46	Malawi	7,068 kt	2023	down 0.0%	flat
47	Sudan (former)	6,640 kt	2011	up 7.1%	rising
48	Somalia	6,299 kt	2023	down 81.8%	rising
49	Honduras	6,262 kt	2023	up 13.7%	volatile
50	Nicaragua	5,618 kt	2023	down 3.1%	falling
51	Vietnam	4,863 kt	2023	up 139.2%	volatile
51	Viet Nam	4,863 kt	2023	up 139.2%	volatile
53	Belize	4,386 kt	2023	down 0.6%	flat
54	Gabon	4,325 kt	2023	down 44.4%	rising
55	Equatorial Guinea	3,832 kt	2023	up 0.0%	flat
56	Bhutan	3,642 kt	2023	—	volatile
57	Sierra Leone	3,460 kt	2023	up 0.0%	flat
58	Bangladesh	3,391 kt	2023	up 16.6%	volatile
59	French Guiana	3,295 kt	2023	up 26.7%	falling
60	Bulgaria	3,288 kt	2023	—	flat
61	Melanesia	3,030 kt	2023	down 9.5%	falling
62	Japan	2,543 kt	2023	down 35.6%	volatile
63	Chile	2,342 kt	2023	down 34.1%	falling
64	Senegal	2,190 kt	2023	down 0.4%	rising
65	Papua New Guinea	1,913 kt	2023	up 2.0%	falling
66	Niger	1,793 kt	2023	up 34.5%	volatile
67	Australia	1,595 kt	2023	down 8.5%	volatile
67	Australia and New Zealand	1,595 kt	2023	down 20.0%	volatile
69	Panama	1,522 kt	2023	down 34.5%	falling
70	Austria	1,448 kt	2023	up 2.9%	rising
71	Costa Rica	1,239 kt	2023	down 58.3%	volatile
72	Republic of Korea	1,214 kt	2023	down 73.4%	rising
73	Caribbean	1,071 kt	2023	down 23.3%	volatile
74	Belgium-Luxembourg	1,007 kt	1999	unchanged	flat
75	Estonia	949.43 kt	2023	—	volatile
76	Eritrea	941.58 kt	2023	down 0.0%	flat
77	Puerto Rico	926.41 kt	2023	up 868.7%	volatile
78	Mauritania	719.15 kt	2023	down 0.5%	flat
79	North Macedonia	686.53 kt	2023	—	volatile
80	Sri Lanka	675.47 kt	2023	down 57.0%	volatile
81	Vanuatu	623.25 kt	2023	down 0.2%	flat
82	Gambia	601.39 kt	2023	up 12.9%	rising
83	Guinea-Bissau	579.65 kt	2023	up 0.0%	falling
84	Togo	555.82 kt	2023	down 7.5%	flat
85	Slovenia	518.77 kt	2023	up 25,741.5%	volatile
86	Congo	506 kt	2023	down 95.1%	rising
87	Solomon Islands	493.63 kt	2023	down 0.3%	flat
88	Iraq	476.33 kt	2023	down 59.2%	volatile
89	Italy	415.43 kt	2023	down 92.9%	volatile
90	Norway	353.19 kt	2023	down 18.5%	volatile
91	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	347.84 kt	2023	up 0.0%	volatile
92	Morocco	331.78 kt	2023	up 22.1%	volatile
93	Eswatini	262.16 kt	2023	down 0.4%	flat
94	East Timor	233.81 kt	2023	down 39.4%	falling
94	Timor-Leste	233.81 kt	2023	down 39.4%	falling
96	Tunisia	169.78 kt	2023	up 56.6%	rising
97	Moldova	140.98 kt	2023	—	volatile
97	Republic of Moldova	140.98 kt	2023	—	volatile
99	Algeria	132.31 kt	2023	down 0.0%	flat
100	Western Sahara	123.08 kt	2023	—	volatile
101	Israel	116.81 kt	2023	—	volatile
102	Trinidad and Tobago	102 kt	2023	down 0.5%	flat
103	Namibia	95.75 kt	2023	down 0.0%	volatile
104	Polynesia	80.11 kt	2023	down 21.7%	falling
105	Samoa	78.68 kt	2023	down 0.6%	flat
106	Seychelles	66.59 kt	2023	up 6.5%	rising
107	Croatia	41.74 kt	2023	—	volatile
108	Bosnia and Herzegovina	37 kt	2023	—	volatile
109	Libya	34.34 kt	2023	up 1.1%	flat
110	Mayotte	30.95 kt	2023	down 22.1%	volatile
111	Brunei	28.5 kt	2023	down 80.4%	volatile
111	Brunei Darussalam	28.5 kt	2023	down 80.4%	volatile
113	Antigua and Barbuda	22.95 kt	2023	up 0.3%	flat
114	Dominica	19.78 kt	2023	down 60.7%	volatile
115	Cyprus	15.53 kt	2023	up 67.6%	volatile
116	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	1.45 kt	2023	down 20.1%	rising
117	Wallis and Futuna Islands	1.43 kt	2023	down 33.8%	volatile
118	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	0.606 kt	2023	—	volatile
119	Jordan	0.502 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Albania	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Andorra	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Armenia	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	American Samoa	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Azerbaijan	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Burundi	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Belgium	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Belarus	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Switzerland	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	China	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Comoros	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	falling
120	Cuba	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Cayman Islands	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Czechia	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Denmark	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Dominican Republic	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Spain	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Finland	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Haiti	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Hungary	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Ireland	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Jamaica	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Kazakhstan	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Kenya	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Kyrgyzstan	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Lithuania	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Luxembourg	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Latvia	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Marshall Islands	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Mongolia	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Mauritius	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	New Caledonia	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Nepal	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	New Zealand	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Pakistan	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Philippines	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Portugal	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Russia	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Rwanda	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Singapore	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	El Salvador	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	South Sudan	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Sao Tome and Principe	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Slovakia	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Ukraine	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Uzbekistan	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	British Virgin Islands	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	United States Virgin Islands	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Guadeloupe	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Montserrat	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Niue	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Micronesia	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Russian Federation	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	China, mainland	0 kt	2023	—	volatile
120	Netherlands (Kingdom of the)	0 kt	2023	down 100.0%	volatile
120	Micronesia (Federated States of)	0 kt	2023	—	volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

World 3.01 million kt
Non-Annex I countries 2.85 million kt
Americas 1.82 million kt
Latin America and the Caribbean 1.70 million kt
South America 1.65 million kt
Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 877,607 kt
Africa 681,210 kt
Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 670,720 kt
Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 558,467 kt
Asia 468,903 kt
South-eastern Asia 456,480 kt
Middle Africa 303,498 kt
Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 257,749 kt
Eastern Africa 192,376 kt
Western Africa 175,293 kt
Annex I countries 160,760 kt
Northern America 111,894 kt
Central America 49,695 kt
Europe 41,322 kt
European Union (27) 40,120 kt
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 29,289 kt
Eastern Europe 27,446 kt
United States of America 19,193 kt
Northern Europe 10,729 kt
Northern Africa 9,686 kt
Southern Asia 7,709 kt
Oceania 4,705 kt
Eastern Asia 4,105 kt
Southern Europe 1,699 kt
Western Europe 1,448 kt
Western Asia 609.18 kt
Southern Africa 357.91 kt
Central Asia 0 kt

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Land-use change — Emissions by country. Statizoid, drawing on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 15 November 2026, from https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/land-use-change-emissions-co2-fao-tier-1/

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About this data

Indicator: Land-use change — Emissions (CO2)
Unit: kt
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (FAO)
Coverage: 289 places, 9,601 data points, 1990–2023
Last refreshed: 26 October 2026

The FAOSTAT domain on Emissions Totals summarizes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disseminated in the FAOSTAT Climate Change domains of emissions from agrifood systems. Data are computed following the Tier 1 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National greenhouse gas (GHG) Inventories (IPCC, 1996; 1997; 2000; 2002; 2006; 2014). Emissions from other economic sectors as defined by the IPCC are also disseminated in the domain for completeness. Methodological details can be found at: https://files-faostat.fao.org/production/GT/GT_en.pdf