Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia
Estonia: Greenhouse gas emissions was 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Change on year
down 6.6%
World rank
141st
of 199 countries
All-time high
43.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1986
All-time low
4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1920
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia, 1850–2024
Source: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Analysis
Estonia recorded 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents for greenhouse gas emissions in 2024.
The figure is down 6.6% on the previous year and down 49.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia peaked at 43.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1986 and was at its lowest, 4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, in 1920.
That places Estonia 141st out of 199 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia, year by year
| Year | tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 9.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | — |
| 1851 | 9.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.2% |
| 1852 | 9.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.2% |
| 1853 | 9.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 1854 | 9.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.8% |
| 1855 | 9.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.9% |
| 1856 | 9.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1857 | 9.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1858 | 10.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1859 | 10.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1860 | 8.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -14.0% |
| 1861 | 8.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.4% |
| 1862 | 8.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1863 | 7.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.2% |
| 1864 | 7.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.4% |
| 1865 | 7.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.1% |
| 1866 | 7.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.0% |
| 1867 | 7.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 1868 | 6.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.6% |
| 1869 | 6.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.5% |
| 1870 | 6.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1871 | 6.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.9% |
| 1872 | 6.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.2% |
| 1873 | 6.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.4% |
| 1874 | 6.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 1875 | 5.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.0% |
| 1876 | 5.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1877 | 5.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.9% |
| 1878 | 5.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1879 | 5.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1880 | 5.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.8% |
| 1881 | 5.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.0% |
| 1882 | 5.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1883 | 5.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1884 | 5.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.2% |
| 1885 | 5.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.7% |
| 1886 | 5.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1887 | 5.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.8% |
| 1888 | 5.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.8% |
| 1889 | 5.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1890 | 5.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1891 | 5.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.8% |
| 1892 | 5.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.8% |
| 1893 | 4.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.4% |
| 1894 | 4.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.6% |
| 1895 | 5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1896 | 4.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1897 | 5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1898 | 5.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1899 | 5.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1900 | 5.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.9% |
| 1901 | 5.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1902 | 5.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.9% |
| 1903 | 5.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 1904 | 5.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1905 | 4.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1906 | 4.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1907 | 5.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1908 | 5.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1909 | 5.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1910 | 4.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.4% |
| 1911 | 4.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1912 | 5.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1913 | 5.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 1914 | 4.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.3% |
| 1915 | 4.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1916 | 4.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1917 | 4.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.8% |
| 1918 | 4.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -12.8% |
| 1919 | 4.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.2% |
| 1920 | 4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.3% |
| 1921 | 4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1922 | 4.23 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1923 | 4.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1924 | 4.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1925 | 4.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.1% |
| 1926 | 4.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.9% |
| 1927 | 4.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 1928 | 4.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1929 | 4.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1930 | 5.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.1% |
| 1931 | 5.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 1932 | 5.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1933 | 5.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1934 | 6.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 1935 | 6.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.0% |
| 1936 | 7.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.1% |
| 1937 | 7.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1938 | 7.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 1939 | 7.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1940 | 8.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.2% |
| 1941 | 7.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.4% |
| 1942 | 5.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -28.4% |
| 1943 | 5.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.7% |
| 1944 | 6.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +19.7% |
| 1945 | 6.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.2% |
| 1946 | 6.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.0% |
| 1947 | 7.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.7% |
| 1948 | 8.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1949 | 8.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.6% |
| 1950 | 9.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.7% |
| 1951 | 10.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.4% |
| 1952 | 11.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.2% |
| 1953 | 11.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1954 | 12.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.3% |
| 1955 | 13.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.5% |
| 1956 | 14.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 1957 | 14.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1958 | 15.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1959 | 13.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.8% |
| 1960 | 14.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1961 | 15.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.9% |
| 1962 | 16.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.2% |
| 1963 | 17.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.8% |
| 1964 | 18.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.6% |
| 1965 | 20.11 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.9% |
| 1966 | 21.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.0% |
| 1967 | 22.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.6% |
| 1968 | 23.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 1969 | 24.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.6% |
| 1970 | 26.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.3% |
| 1971 | 27.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.4% |
| 1972 | 29.23 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.4% |
| 1973 | 30.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.4% |
| 1974 | 31.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 1975 | 33.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.3% |
| 1976 | 35.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.5% |
| 1977 | 36.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1978 | 37.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1979 | 37.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1980 | 39.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.2% |
| 1981 | 38.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.6% |
| 1982 | 39.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1983 | 40.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1984 | 40.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1985 | 43.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 1986 | 43.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1987 | 43.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.1% |
| 1988 | 42.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1989 | 43.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1990 | 41.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.7% |
| 1991 | 39.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.7% |
| 1992 | 28.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -26.9% |
| 1993 | 21.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -25.2% |
| 1994 | 20.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.8% |
| 1995 | 19.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.1% |
| 1996 | 20.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.2% |
| 1997 | 21.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1998 | 18.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -10.9% |
| 1999 | 18.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 2000 | 15.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -18.0% |
| 2001 | 15.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.5% |
| 2002 | 16.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.6% |
| 2003 | 17.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 2004 | 22.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +27.7% |
| 2005 | 19.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -12.1% |
| 2006 | 18.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.6% |
| 2007 | 21.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +15.6% |
| 2008 | 20.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.8% |
| 2009 | 18.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.0% |
| 2010 | 22.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +22.3% |
| 2011 | 22.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 2012 | 21.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.3% |
| 2013 | 23.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.9% |
| 2014 | 23.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 2015 | 21.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.3% |
| 2016 | 21.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 2017 | 23.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.1% |
| 2018 | 23.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 2019 | 17.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -25.5% |
| 2020 | 13.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -23.4% |
| 2021 | 14.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.6% |
| 2022 | 16.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +11.8% |
| 2023 | 12.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -19.4% |
| 2024 | 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.6% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is below the median for high income countries, which is 47.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 26% of the median. (67 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 50.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 24% of the median. (50 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1942 | -28.4% | 7.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 2004 | +27.7% | 17.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 22.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 1992 | -26.9% | 39.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 28.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 9.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 9.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1860s | 7.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 6.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 8.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1870s | 6.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 6.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1880s | 5.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1890s | 5.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 4.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1900s | 5.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 4.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1910s | 4.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 4.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1920s | 4.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 4.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1930s | 6.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 7.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1940s | 7.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 8.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1950s | 12.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 9.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 15.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1960s | 19.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 14.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 24.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1970s | 32.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 26.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 37.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1980s | 41.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 38.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 43.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1990s | 25.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 18.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 41.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2000s | 18.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 15.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 22.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2010s | 22.11 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 17.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 23.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2020s | 13.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 16.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 138 Guyana 13.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 139 Togo 12.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 140 Georgia 12.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 142 Haiti 11.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 143 Equatorial Guinea 11.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 144 Eritrea 10.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
More climate change data for Estonia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 22.20 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 871.8 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 170.85 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 700.96 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 0.6447 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 25.03 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 178.32 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 175.54 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 2.79 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 0.6624 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia?
- Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia was 12.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024, according to Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 43.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1986.
- What is the lowest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1920.
- How does Estonia rank for greenhouse gas emissions?
- Estonia ranks 141st out of 199 countries with data for 2024.
- Is greenhouse gas emissions rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 49.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Greenhouse gas emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.