Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India
India: Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change was 3.20 billion tonnes in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
3.20 billion tonnes
Change on year
up 3.8%
World rank
3rd
of 194 countries
All-time high
3.20 billion tonnes
in 2024
All-time low
105.23 million tonnes
in 1865
Years of data
156
1858–2024
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India, 1858–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.
Analysis
The most recent figure for annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in India is 3.20 billion tonnes, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 156 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 3.8% on the previous year and up 40.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in India peaked at 3.20 billion tonnes in 2024 and was at its lowest, 105.23 million tonnes, in 1865.
India ranks 3rd of 194 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India, year by year
| Year | tonnes | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1858 | 120.04 million tonnes | — |
| 1859 | 115.92 million tonnes | -3.4% |
| 1860 | 115.25 million tonnes | -0.6% |
| 1861 | 111.72 million tonnes | -3.1% |
| 1862 | 108.87 million tonnes | -2.6% |
| 1863 | 108.45 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 1864 | 106.65 million tonnes | -1.7% |
| 1865 | 105.23 million tonnes | -1.3% |
| 1866 | 105.73 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1878 | 105.65 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1879 | 105.40 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1880 | 109.43 million tonnes | +3.8% |
| 1881 | 110.73 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1882 | 115.26 million tonnes | +4.1% |
| 1883 | 114.53 million tonnes | -0.6% |
| 1884 | 115.85 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1885 | 116.14 million tonnes | +0.3% |
| 1886 | 117.39 million tonnes | +1.1% |
| 1887 | 117.99 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1888 | 118.65 million tonnes | +0.6% |
| 1889 | 119.34 million tonnes | +0.6% |
| 1890 | 118.68 million tonnes | -0.6% |
| 1891 | 118.59 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1892 | 117.75 million tonnes | -0.7% |
| 1893 | 117.83 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1894 | 116.99 million tonnes | -0.7% |
| 1895 | 119.04 million tonnes | +1.8% |
| 1896 | 119.33 million tonnes | +0.2% |
| 1897 | 119.86 million tonnes | +0.4% |
| 1898 | 121.29 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1899 | 121.07 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1900 | 118.66 million tonnes | -2.0% |
| 1901 | 117.02 million tonnes | -1.4% |
| 1902 | 119.04 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1903 | 116.54 million tonnes | -2.1% |
| 1904 | 117.77 million tonnes | +1.1% |
| 1905 | 117.17 million tonnes | -0.5% |
| 1906 | 118.45 million tonnes | +1.1% |
| 1907 | 119.47 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1908 | 121.72 million tonnes | +1.9% |
| 1909 | 120.10 million tonnes | -1.3% |
| 1910 | 122.91 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1911 | 126.20 million tonnes | +2.7% |
| 1912 | 129.28 million tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1913 | 132.71 million tonnes | +2.7% |
| 1914 | 132.34 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1915 | 134.98 million tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1916 | 134.80 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1917 | 135.85 million tonnes | +0.8% |
| 1918 | 140.15 million tonnes | +3.2% |
| 1919 | 144.02 million tonnes | +2.8% |
| 1920 | 290.83 million tonnes | +101.9% |
| 1921 | 357.90 million tonnes | +23.1% |
| 1922 | 394.73 million tonnes | +10.3% |
| 1923 | 418.09 million tonnes | +5.9% |
| 1924 | 437.49 million tonnes | +4.6% |
| 1925 | 451.34 million tonnes | +3.2% |
| 1926 | 460.24 million tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1927 | 472.01 million tonnes | +2.6% |
| 1928 | 476.23 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1929 | 486.99 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1930 | 498.89 million tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1931 | 499.27 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1932 | 499.73 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1933 | 504.87 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1934 | 511.17 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1935 | 515.30 million tonnes | +0.8% |
| 1936 | 517.95 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1937 | 526.93 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1938 | 533.16 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1939 | 535.61 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1940 | 543.61 million tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1941 | 549.16 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1942 | 551.13 million tonnes | +0.4% |
| 1943 | 546.93 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 1944 | 554.04 million tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1945 | 557.17 million tonnes | +0.6% |
| 1946 | 558.43 million tonnes | +0.2% |
| 1947 | 563.72 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1948 | 562.68 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1949 | 565.46 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1950 | 696.35 million tonnes | +23.1% |
| 1951 | 739.56 million tonnes | +6.2% |
| 1952 | 768.91 million tonnes | +4.0% |
| 1953 | 785.62 million tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1954 | 804.33 million tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1955 | 817.19 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1956 | 830.76 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1957 | 848.05 million tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1958 | 862.85 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1959 | 874.84 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1960 | 581.36 million tonnes | -33.5% |
| 1961 | 781.84 million tonnes | +34.5% |
| 1962 | 524.89 million tonnes | -32.9% |
| 1963 | 493.80 million tonnes | -5.9% |
| 1964 | 485.78 million tonnes | -1.6% |
| 1965 | 473.98 million tonnes | -2.4% |
| 1966 | 561.75 million tonnes | +18.5% |
| 1967 | 571.82 million tonnes | +1.8% |
| 1968 | 437.84 million tonnes | -23.4% |
| 1969 | 486.37 million tonnes | +11.1% |
| 1970 | 378.06 million tonnes | -22.3% |
| 1971 | 429.57 million tonnes | +13.6% |
| 1972 | 589.25 million tonnes | +37.2% |
| 1973 | 551.57 million tonnes | -6.4% |
| 1974 | 522.45 million tonnes | -5.3% |
| 1975 | 477.74 million tonnes | -8.6% |
| 1976 | 438.82 million tonnes | -8.1% |
| 1977 | 662.51 million tonnes | +51.0% |
| 1978 | 531.02 million tonnes | -19.8% |
| 1979 | 463.03 million tonnes | -12.8% |
| 1980 | 492.45 million tonnes | +6.4% |
| 1981 | 550.14 million tonnes | +11.7% |
| 1982 | 484.77 million tonnes | -11.9% |
| 1983 | 688.35 million tonnes | +42.0% |
| 1984 | 566.47 million tonnes | -17.7% |
| 1985 | 569.40 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1986 | 639.58 million tonnes | +12.3% |
| 1987 | 599.05 million tonnes | -6.3% |
| 1988 | 731.15 million tonnes | +22.1% |
| 1989 | 723.04 million tonnes | -1.1% |
| 1990 | 763.27 million tonnes | +5.6% |
| 1991 | 764.38 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1992 | 839.24 million tonnes | +9.8% |
| 1993 | 825.36 million tonnes | -1.7% |
| 1994 | 844.84 million tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1995 | 865.06 million tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1996 | 1.00 billion tonnes | +16.1% |
| 1997 | 975.47 million tonnes | -2.9% |
| 1998 | 994.97 million tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1999 | 1.06 billion tonnes | +6.3% |
| 2000 | 1.19 billion tonnes | +12.6% |
| 2001 | 1.16 billion tonnes | -2.5% |
| 2002 | 1.14 billion tonnes | -2.2% |
| 2003 | 1.20 billion tonnes | +5.5% |
| 2004 | 1.23 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 2005 | 1.26 billion tonnes | +2.7% |
| 2006 | 1.35 billion tonnes | +7.4% |
| 2007 | 1.51 billion tonnes | +11.6% |
| 2008 | 1.67 billion tonnes | +10.5% |
| 2009 | 1.73 billion tonnes | +3.3% |
| 2010 | 1.83 billion tonnes | +6.0% |
| 2011 | 1.90 billion tonnes | +3.6% |
| 2012 | 2.12 billion tonnes | +11.7% |
| 2013 | 2.26 billion tonnes | +6.6% |
| 2014 | 2.28 billion tonnes | +0.9% |
| 2015 | 2.41 billion tonnes | +5.8% |
| 2016 | 2.52 billion tonnes | +4.7% |
| 2017 | 2.54 billion tonnes | +0.6% |
| 2018 | 2.74 billion tonnes | +8.2% |
| 2019 | 2.71 billion tonnes | -1.4% |
| 2020 | 2.50 billion tonnes | -7.5% |
| 2021 | 2.74 billion tonnes | +9.4% |
| 2022 | 2.87 billion tonnes | +4.9% |
| 2023 | 3.08 billion tonnes | +7.4% |
| 2024 | 3.20 billion tonnes | +3.8% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 3.20 billion tonnes is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 26.17 million tonnes, 122.3× the median. (47 countries reporting)
- India's 3.20 billion tonnes is above the median for South Asia, which is 28.35 million tonnes, 112.9× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in India changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | +101.9% | 144.02 million tonnes | 290.83 million tonnes |
| 1977 | +51.0% | 438.82 million tonnes | 662.51 million tonnes |
| 1983 | +42.0% | 484.77 million tonnes | 688.35 million tonnes |
| 1972 | +37.2% | 429.57 million tonnes | 589.25 million tonnes |
| 1960 | -33.5% | 874.84 million tonnes | 581.36 million tonnes |
| 1962 | -32.9% | 781.84 million tonnes | 524.89 million tonnes |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 117.98 million tonnes | 115.92 million tonnes | 120.04 million tonnes | 2 |
| 1860s | 108.84 million tonnes | 105.23 million tonnes | 115.25 million tonnes | 7 |
| 1870s | 105.53 million tonnes | 105.40 million tonnes | 105.65 million tonnes | 2 |
| 1880s | 115.53 million tonnes | 109.43 million tonnes | 119.34 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1890s | 119.04 million tonnes | 116.99 million tonnes | 121.29 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1900s | 118.59 million tonnes | 116.54 million tonnes | 121.72 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1910s | 133.32 million tonnes | 122.91 million tonnes | 144.02 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1920s | 424.58 million tonnes | 290.83 million tonnes | 486.99 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1930s | 514.29 million tonnes | 498.89 million tonnes | 535.61 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1940s | 555.23 million tonnes | 543.61 million tonnes | 565.46 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1950s | 802.85 million tonnes | 696.35 million tonnes | 874.84 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1960s | 539.94 million tonnes | 437.84 million tonnes | 781.84 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1970s | 504.40 million tonnes | 378.06 million tonnes | 662.51 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1980s | 604.44 million tonnes | 484.77 million tonnes | 731.15 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1990s | 893.45 million tonnes | 763.27 million tonnes | 1.06 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.34 billion tonnes | 1.14 billion tonnes | 1.73 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.33 billion tonnes | 1.83 billion tonnes | 2.74 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.88 billion tonnes | 2.50 billion tonnes | 3.20 billion tonnes | 5 |
Countries ranked near India
More climate change data for India
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 27.69 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 602,760 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 105,678 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 497,082 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 398.78 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 17,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 279,594 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 103,578 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 664.21 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in India?
- Annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in India was 3.20 billion tonnes in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual co₂ emissions including land-use change recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 3.20 billion tonnes in 2024.
- What is the lowest annual co₂ emissions including land-use change recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 105.23 million tonnes in 1865.
- How does India rank for annual co₂ emissions including land-use change?
- India ranks 3rd out of 194 countries with data for 2024.
- Is annual co₂ emissions including land-use change rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 40.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 156 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Annual total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), including land-use change, measured in tonnes.