Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar
Madagascar: Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change was 35.57 million tonnes in 2024. ▼ Falling
Latest (2024)
35.57 million tonnes
Change on year
up 0.5%
World rank
81st
of 194 countries
All-time high
147.91 million tonnes
in 1998
All-time low
33.85 million tonnes
in 2021
Years of data
82
1933–2024
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar, 1933–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.
Analysis
Madagascar recorded 35.57 million tonnes for annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in 2024.
That represents a change of up 0.5% on the previous year and down 1.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar peaked at 147.91 million tonnes in 1998 and was at its lowest, 33.85 million tonnes, in 2021.
That places Madagascar 81st out of 194 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 82 years of available data.
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar, year by year
| Year | tonnes | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1933 | 47.50 million tonnes | — |
| 1934 | 51.23 million tonnes | +7.9% |
| 1935 | 51.06 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1945 | 79.33 million tonnes | +55.4% |
| 1947 | 88.61 million tonnes | +11.7% |
| 1948 | 83.29 million tonnes | -6.0% |
| 1949 | 84.62 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1950 | 67.74 million tonnes | -19.9% |
| 1951 | 74.39 million tonnes | +9.8% |
| 1952 | 79.89 million tonnes | +7.4% |
| 1953 | 83.23 million tonnes | +4.2% |
| 1954 | 85.93 million tonnes | +3.2% |
| 1955 | 95.73 million tonnes | +11.4% |
| 1956 | 101.28 million tonnes | +5.8% |
| 1957 | 110.88 million tonnes | +9.5% |
| 1958 | 112.00 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1959 | 121.64 million tonnes | +8.6% |
| 1960 | 120.73 million tonnes | -0.7% |
| 1961 | 89.89 million tonnes | -25.5% |
| 1962 | 68.81 million tonnes | -23.5% |
| 1963 | 61.17 million tonnes | -11.1% |
| 1964 | 51.75 million tonnes | -15.4% |
| 1965 | 47.68 million tonnes | -7.9% |
| 1966 | 42.99 million tonnes | -9.8% |
| 1967 | 41.70 million tonnes | -3.0% |
| 1968 | 44.74 million tonnes | +7.3% |
| 1969 | 40.76 million tonnes | -8.9% |
| 1970 | 37.42 million tonnes | -8.2% |
| 1971 | 38.76 million tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1972 | 40.27 million tonnes | +3.9% |
| 1973 | 39.60 million tonnes | -1.7% |
| 1974 | 88.46 million tonnes | +123.4% |
| 1975 | 97.70 million tonnes | +10.4% |
| 1976 | 85.35 million tonnes | -12.6% |
| 1977 | 92.31 million tonnes | +8.2% |
| 1978 | 72.35 million tonnes | -21.6% |
| 1979 | 52.97 million tonnes | -26.8% |
| 1980 | 47.51 million tonnes | -10.3% |
| 1981 | 45.35 million tonnes | -4.6% |
| 1982 | 43.97 million tonnes | -3.0% |
| 1983 | 40.08 million tonnes | -8.9% |
| 1984 | 39.76 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 1985 | 42.07 million tonnes | +5.8% |
| 1986 | 38.23 million tonnes | -9.1% |
| 1987 | 37.28 million tonnes | -2.5% |
| 1988 | 37.72 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1989 | 37.40 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1990 | 37.74 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1991 | 37.64 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1992 | 54.12 million tonnes | +43.8% |
| 1993 | 52.54 million tonnes | -2.9% |
| 1994 | 70.02 million tonnes | +33.3% |
| 1995 | 61.91 million tonnes | -11.6% |
| 1996 | 86.71 million tonnes | +40.1% |
| 1997 | 103.12 million tonnes | +18.9% |
| 1998 | 147.91 million tonnes | +43.4% |
| 1999 | 143.75 million tonnes | -2.8% |
| 2000 | 132.53 million tonnes | -7.8% |
| 2001 | 103.44 million tonnes | -22.0% |
| 2002 | 89.60 million tonnes | -13.4% |
| 2003 | 79.07 million tonnes | -11.8% |
| 2004 | 72.59 million tonnes | -8.2% |
| 2005 | 60.22 million tonnes | -17.0% |
| 2006 | 55.51 million tonnes | -7.8% |
| 2007 | 53.57 million tonnes | -3.5% |
| 2008 | 51.51 million tonnes | -3.8% |
| 2009 | 46.44 million tonnes | -9.8% |
| 2010 | 46.20 million tonnes | -0.5% |
| 2011 | 42.22 million tonnes | -8.6% |
| 2012 | 41.26 million tonnes | -2.3% |
| 2013 | 43.02 million tonnes | +4.3% |
| 2014 | 36.07 million tonnes | -16.2% |
| 2015 | 40.54 million tonnes | +12.4% |
| 2016 | 40.36 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 2017 | 41.16 million tonnes | +2.0% |
| 2018 | 36.37 million tonnes | -11.6% |
| 2019 | 34.52 million tonnes | -5.1% |
| 2020 | 33.94 million tonnes | -1.7% |
| 2021 | 33.85 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 2022 | 34.81 million tonnes | +2.8% |
| 2023 | 35.40 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 2024 | 35.57 million tonnes | +0.5% |
Madagascar compared with similar countries
- Madagascar's 35.57 million tonnes is above the median for low income countries, which is 25.12 million tonnes, 1.4× the median. (25 countries reporting)
- Madagascar's 35.57 million tonnes is above the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 14.74 million tonnes, 2.4× the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | +123.4% | 39.60 million tonnes | 88.46 million tonnes |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930s | 49.93 million tonnes | 47.50 million tonnes | 51.23 million tonnes | 3 |
| 1940s | 83.96 million tonnes | 79.33 million tonnes | 88.61 million tonnes | 4 |
| 1950s | 93.27 million tonnes | 67.74 million tonnes | 121.64 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1960s | 61.02 million tonnes | 40.76 million tonnes | 120.73 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1970s | 64.52 million tonnes | 37.42 million tonnes | 97.70 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1980s | 40.94 million tonnes | 37.28 million tonnes | 47.51 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1990s | 79.54 million tonnes | 37.64 million tonnes | 147.91 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2000s | 74.45 million tonnes | 46.44 million tonnes | 132.53 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2010s | 40.17 million tonnes | 34.52 million tonnes | 46.20 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2020s | 34.71 million tonnes | 33.85 million tonnes | 35.57 million tonnes | 5 |
Countries ranked near Madagascar
More climate change data for Madagascar
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 36.84 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 23,568 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 7,815 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 15,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 29.49 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 562.62 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 9,018 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 880.86 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 8,138 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 3.32 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar?
- Annual co₂ emissions including land-use change in Madagascar was 35.57 million tonnes in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual co₂ emissions including land-use change recorded in Madagascar?
- The highest recorded value was 147.91 million tonnes in 1998.
- What is the lowest annual co₂ emissions including land-use change recorded in Madagascar?
- The lowest recorded value was 33.85 million tonnes in 2021.
- How does Madagascar rank for annual co₂ emissions including land-use change?
- Madagascar ranks 81st out of 194 countries with data for 2024.
- Is annual co₂ emissions including land-use change rising or falling in Madagascar?
- Over the last ten years it is down 1.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Madagascar data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 82 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Annual total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), including land-use change, measured in tonnes.