Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in India
India: Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change was 7.55 million tonnes in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
7.55 million tonnes
Change on year
down 65.5%
World rank
58th
of 197 countries
All-time high
773.41 million tonnes
in 1959
All-time low
7.55 million tonnes
in 2024
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in India, 1850–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.
Analysis
In 2024, annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in India stood at 7.55 million tonnes. That is the lowest value across all 175 years on record.
The figure is down 65.5% on the previous year and down 94.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in India peaked at 773.41 million tonnes in 1959 and was at its lowest, 7.55 million tonnes, in 2024.
India ranks 58th of 197 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in India, year by year
| Year | tonnes | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 277.32 million tonnes | — |
| 1851 | 213.77 million tonnes | -22.9% |
| 1852 | 180.31 million tonnes | -15.7% |
| 1853 | 160.91 million tonnes | -10.8% |
| 1854 | 147.19 million tonnes | -8.5% |
| 1855 | 136.09 million tonnes | -7.5% |
| 1856 | 128.61 million tonnes | -5.5% |
| 1857 | 125.33 million tonnes | -2.5% |
| 1858 | 119.64 million tonnes | -4.5% |
| 1859 | 115.28 million tonnes | -3.6% |
| 1860 | 114.61 million tonnes | -0.6% |
| 1861 | 111.23 million tonnes | -3.0% |
| 1862 | 108.32 million tonnes | -2.6% |
| 1863 | 107.84 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 1864 | 106.07 million tonnes | -1.6% |
| 1865 | 104.66 million tonnes | -1.3% |
| 1866 | 105.09 million tonnes | +0.4% |
| 1867 | 106.54 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1868 | 103.67 million tonnes | -2.7% |
| 1869 | 103.59 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1870 | 103.51 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1871 | 102.28 million tonnes | -1.2% |
| 1872 | 104.95 million tonnes | +2.6% |
| 1873 | 104.17 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 1874 | 104.04 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1875 | 104.02 million tonnes | -0.0% |
| 1876 | 105.06 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1877 | 103.80 million tonnes | -1.2% |
| 1878 | 103.89 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1879 | 103.72 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1880 | 107.54 million tonnes | +3.7% |
| 1881 | 108.89 million tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1882 | 113.07 million tonnes | +3.8% |
| 1883 | 112.09 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1884 | 113.12 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1885 | 113.69 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1886 | 114.61 million tonnes | +0.8% |
| 1887 | 114.92 million tonnes | +0.3% |
| 1888 | 115.24 million tonnes | +0.3% |
| 1889 | 115.31 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1890 | 114.25 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1891 | 113.82 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 1892 | 112.50 million tonnes | -1.2% |
| 1893 | 112.28 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1894 | 111.37 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 1895 | 112.01 million tonnes | +0.6% |
| 1896 | 111.72 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1897 | 111.61 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1898 | 112.16 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1899 | 111.02 million tonnes | -1.0% |
| 1900 | 106.73 million tonnes | -3.9% |
| 1901 | 103.84 million tonnes | -2.7% |
| 1902 | 104.53 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1903 | 101.74 million tonnes | -2.7% |
| 1904 | 101.21 million tonnes | -0.5% |
| 1905 | 100.24 million tonnes | -1.0% |
| 1906 | 98.90 million tonnes | -1.3% |
| 1907 | 97.70 million tonnes | -1.2% |
| 1908 | 96.81 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1909 | 95.95 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1910 | 99.42 million tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1911 | 101.42 million tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1912 | 100.76 million tonnes | -0.7% |
| 1913 | 101.24 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1914 | 100.64 million tonnes | -0.6% |
| 1915 | 101.83 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1916 | 101.29 million tonnes | -0.5% |
| 1917 | 100.83 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 1918 | 100.79 million tonnes | -0.0% |
| 1919 | 101.05 million tonnes | +0.3% |
| 1920 | 255.96 million tonnes | +153.3% |
| 1921 | 320.39 million tonnes | +25.2% |
| 1922 | 357.83 million tonnes | +11.7% |
| 1923 | 380.12 million tonnes | +6.2% |
| 1924 | 396.86 million tonnes | +4.4% |
| 1925 | 411.26 million tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1926 | 420.30 million tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1927 | 430.12 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1928 | 436.15 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1929 | 445.28 million tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1930 | 456.50 million tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1931 | 460.42 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1932 | 463.60 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1933 | 469.40 million tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1934 | 471.56 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1935 | 473.91 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1936 | 477.27 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1937 | 481.86 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1938 | 482.78 million tonnes | +0.2% |
| 1939 | 486.30 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1940 | 491.30 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1941 | 495.58 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1942 | 497.60 million tonnes | +0.4% |
| 1943 | 500.29 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1944 | 506.35 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1945 | 504.30 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 1946 | 506.21 million tonnes | +0.4% |
| 1947 | 510.54 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1948 | 509.48 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1949 | 509.27 million tonnes | -0.0% |
| 1950 | 635.41 million tonnes | +24.8% |
| 1951 | 675.76 million tonnes | +6.4% |
| 1952 | 701.66 million tonnes | +3.8% |
| 1953 | 717.01 million tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1954 | 732.02 million tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1955 | 738.49 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1956 | 749.14 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1957 | 756.44 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1958 | 767.05 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1959 | 773.41 million tonnes | +0.8% |
| 1960 | 470.04 million tonnes | -39.2% |
| 1961 | 661.44 million tonnes | +40.7% |
| 1962 | 392.31 million tonnes | -40.7% |
| 1963 | 351.36 million tonnes | -10.4% |
| 1964 | 346.29 million tonnes | -1.4% |
| 1965 | 320.29 million tonnes | -7.5% |
| 1966 | 402.38 million tonnes | +25.6% |
| 1967 | 412.26 million tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1968 | 263.77 million tonnes | -36.0% |
| 1969 | 308.95 million tonnes | +17.1% |
| 1970 | 196.33 million tonnes | -36.5% |
| 1971 | 237.60 million tonnes | +21.0% |
| 1972 | 386.21 million tonnes | +62.5% |
| 1973 | 342.48 million tonnes | -11.3% |
| 1974 | 306.60 million tonnes | -10.5% |
| 1975 | 243.53 million tonnes | -20.6% |
| 1976 | 194.07 million tonnes | -20.3% |
| 1977 | 403.55 million tonnes | +107.9% |
| 1978 | 267.87 million tonnes | -33.6% |
| 1979 | 186.75 million tonnes | -30.3% |
| 1980 | 200.74 million tonnes | +7.5% |
| 1981 | 235.17 million tonnes | +17.2% |
| 1982 | 159.39 million tonnes | -32.2% |
| 1983 | 336.14 million tonnes | +110.9% |
| 1984 | 204.90 million tonnes | -39.0% |
| 1985 | 171.80 million tonnes | -16.2% |
| 1986 | 213.26 million tonnes | +24.1% |
| 1987 | 143.70 million tonnes | -32.6% |
| 1988 | 239.45 million tonnes | +66.6% |
| 1989 | 182.38 million tonnes | -23.8% |
| 1990 | 185.28 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1991 | 148.99 million tonnes | -19.6% |
| 1992 | 183.82 million tonnes | +23.4% |
| 1993 | 148.10 million tonnes | -19.4% |
| 1994 | 130.79 million tonnes | -11.7% |
| 1995 | 104.58 million tonnes | -20.0% |
| 1996 | 180.50 million tonnes | +72.6% |
| 1997 | 117.49 million tonnes | -34.9% |
| 1998 | 119.18 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1999 | 96.64 million tonnes | -18.9% |
| 2000 | 203.96 million tonnes | +111.0% |
| 2001 | 159.94 million tonnes | -21.6% |
| 2002 | 103.04 million tonnes | -35.6% |
| 2003 | 129.56 million tonnes | +25.7% |
| 2004 | 92.13 million tonnes | -28.9% |
| 2005 | 65.02 million tonnes | -29.4% |
| 2006 | 60.09 million tonnes | -7.6% |
| 2007 | 117.05 million tonnes | +94.8% |
| 2008 | 179.33 million tonnes | +53.2% |
| 2009 | 112.21 million tonnes | -37.4% |
| 2010 | 151.37 million tonnes | +34.9% |
| 2011 | 130.10 million tonnes | -14.1% |
| 2012 | 190.98 million tonnes | +46.8% |
| 2013 | 261.56 million tonnes | +37.0% |
| 2014 | 128.70 million tonnes | -50.8% |
| 2015 | 176.77 million tonnes | +37.4% |
| 2016 | 169.75 million tonnes | -4.0% |
| 2017 | 111.86 million tonnes | -34.1% |
| 2018 | 149.74 million tonnes | +33.9% |
| 2019 | 95.36 million tonnes | -36.3% |
| 2020 | 79.67 million tonnes | -16.5% |
| 2021 | 62.44 million tonnes | -21.6% |
| 2022 | 39.92 million tonnes | -36.1% |
| 2023 | 21.88 million tonnes | -45.2% |
| 2024 | 7.55 million tonnes | -65.5% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 7.55 million tonnes is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 6.54 million tonnes, 1.2× the median. (47 countries reporting)
- India's 7.55 million tonnes is above the median for South Asia, which is 7.15 million tonnes, 1.1× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in India changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | +153.3% | 101.05 million tonnes | 255.96 million tonnes |
| 1983 | +110.9% | 159.39 million tonnes | 336.14 million tonnes |
| 2000 | +111.0% | 96.64 million tonnes | 203.96 million tonnes |
| 1977 | +107.9% | 194.07 million tonnes | 403.55 million tonnes |
| 2007 | +94.8% | 60.09 million tonnes | 117.05 million tonnes |
| 1996 | +72.6% | 104.58 million tonnes | 180.50 million tonnes |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 160.45 million tonnes | 115.28 million tonnes | 277.32 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1860s | 107.16 million tonnes | 103.59 million tonnes | 114.61 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1870s | 103.94 million tonnes | 102.28 million tonnes | 105.06 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1880s | 112.85 million tonnes | 107.54 million tonnes | 115.31 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1890s | 112.27 million tonnes | 111.02 million tonnes | 114.25 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1900s | 100.76 million tonnes | 95.95 million tonnes | 106.73 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1910s | 100.93 million tonnes | 99.42 million tonnes | 101.83 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1920s | 385.43 million tonnes | 255.96 million tonnes | 445.28 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1930s | 472.36 million tonnes | 456.50 million tonnes | 486.30 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1940s | 503.09 million tonnes | 491.30 million tonnes | 510.54 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1950s | 724.64 million tonnes | 635.41 million tonnes | 773.41 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1960s | 392.91 million tonnes | 263.77 million tonnes | 661.44 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1970s | 276.50 million tonnes | 186.75 million tonnes | 403.55 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1980s | 208.69 million tonnes | 143.70 million tonnes | 336.14 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1990s | 141.54 million tonnes | 96.64 million tonnes | 185.28 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2000s | 122.23 million tonnes | 60.09 million tonnes | 203.96 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2010s | 156.62 million tonnes | 95.36 million tonnes | 261.56 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2020s | 42.29 million tonnes | 7.55 million tonnes | 79.67 million tonnes | 5 |
Countries ranked near India
More climate change data for India
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 27.69 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 602,760 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 105,678 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 497,082 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 398.78 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 17,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 279,594 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 103,578 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 664.21 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in India?
- Annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in India was 7.55 million tonnes in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 773.41 million tonnes in 1959.
- What is the lowest annual co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 7.55 million tonnes in 2024.
- How does India rank for annual co₂ emissions from land-use change?
- India ranks 58th out of 197 countries with data for 2024.
- Is annual co₂ emissions from land-use change rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is down 94.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.