Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change by country
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.
Countries reporting
188
Highest
1.60 billion tonnes
Brazil
Lowest
-319.42 million tonnes
China
Median
1.08 million tonnes
Years covered
175
1850–2024
Data points
34,475
What the numbers show
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change is currently reported for 188 countries. The highest value is 1.60 billion tonnes in Brazil; the lowest is -319.42 million tonnes in China.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.08 million tonnes, and the mean is 27.35 million tonnes.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 5.
Over the past decade 72 countries rose and 114 fell. The largest increase was in Afghanistan (up 23,183.2%), and the largest decrease in Austria (down 1,613.3%).
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 1.60 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 2 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 648.20 million tonnes | 2024 | down 23.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Indonesia | 576.19 million tonnes | 2024 | down 57.0% | volatile |
| 4 | Russia | 385.88 million tonnes | 2024 | up 202.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Cote d'Ivoire | 237.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 45.7% | volatile |
| 6 | Ethiopia | 214.04 million tonnes | 2024 | up 69.2% | volatile |
| 7 | Argentina | 144.41 million tonnes | 2024 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Vietnam | 113.23 million tonnes | 2024 | down 70.2% | volatile |
| 9 | Thailand | 112.24 million tonnes | 2024 | up 45.3% | volatile |
| 10 | United States | 112.06 million tonnes | 2024 | up 49.6% | volatile |
| 11 | Canada | 111.95 million tonnes | 2024 | down 27.9% | rising |
| 12 | Bolivia | 110.94 million tonnes | 2024 | up 60.5% | volatile |
| 13 | Tanzania | 79.02 million tonnes | 2024 | down 34.5% | volatile |
| 14 | Myanmar | 74.27 million tonnes | 2024 | down 38.2% | volatile |
| 15 | Zambia | 62.59 million tonnes | 2024 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Malaysia | 61.98 million tonnes | 2024 | down 75.0% | volatile |
| 17 | Central African Republic | 50.26 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1,024.0% | volatile |
| 18 | Angola | 50.00 million tonnes | 2024 | down 51.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Guinea | 49.80 million tonnes | 2024 | down 41.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Benin | 44.09 million tonnes | 2024 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 21 | Nigeria | 43.52 million tonnes | 2024 | up 90.8% | volatile |
| 22 | Cambodia | 43.42 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 23 | Philippines | 42.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 33.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Australia | 41.66 million tonnes | 2024 | down 50.2% | volatile |
| 25 | Finland | 33.25 million tonnes | 2024 | up 54.4% | falling |
| 26 | Mali | 31.32 million tonnes | 2024 | down 4.7% | volatile |
| 27 | Madagascar | 31.04 million tonnes | 2024 | down 6.2% | volatile |
| 28 | Mozambique | 30.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 12.3% | volatile |
| 29 | Guatemala | 29.58 million tonnes | 2024 | down 35.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Somalia | 29.15 million tonnes | 2024 | up 39.5% | volatile |
| 31 | Burkina Faso | 28.45 million tonnes | 2024 | down 11.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Papua New Guinea | 27.97 million tonnes | 2024 | down 27.9% | volatile |
| 33 | Iran | 24.26 million tonnes | 2024 | up 194.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Liberia | 24.26 million tonnes | 2024 | down 23.7% | volatile |
| 35 | Cameroon | 23.45 million tonnes | 2024 | down 11.8% | volatile |
| 36 | Laos | 19.45 million tonnes | 2024 | down 75.3% | volatile |
| 37 | Afghanistan | 18.25 million tonnes | 2024 | up 23,183.2% | volatile |
| 38 | Congo | 17.33 million tonnes | 2024 | up 12.2% | volatile |
| 39 | Peru | 16.68 million tonnes | 2024 | down 77.2% | volatile |
| 40 | Paraguay | 15.27 million tonnes | 2024 | down 63.0% | volatile |
| 41 | South Sudan | 15.01 million tonnes | 2024 | down 28.4% | volatile |
| 42 | Bangladesh | 14.80 million tonnes | 2024 | up 39.3% | volatile |
| 43 | Colombia | 14.53 million tonnes | 2024 | down 84.6% | volatile |
| 44 | New Zealand | 13.74 million tonnes | 2024 | down 16.1% | rising |
| 45 | Ghana | 13.53 million tonnes | 2024 | down 35.4% | volatile |
| 46 | Kenya | 13.23 million tonnes | 2024 | down 65.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Honduras | 13.22 million tonnes | 2024 | up 48.4% | volatile |
| 48 | Sri Lanka | 10.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.1% | volatile |
| 49 | North Korea | 9.99 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Venezuela | 9.90 million tonnes | 2024 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 51 | Chile | 9.59 million tonnes | 2024 | down 74.5% | rising |
| 52 | Nicaragua | 9.38 million tonnes | 2024 | up 20.6% | volatile |
| 53 | Malawi | 9.26 million tonnes | 2024 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Sudan | 8.87 million tonnes | 2024 | down 80.4% | volatile |
| 55 | Sierra Leone | 8.15 million tonnes | 2024 | down 51.6% | volatile |
| 56 | Sweden | 7.99 million tonnes | 2024 | up 85.0% | volatile |
| 57 | Norway | 7.74 million tonnes | 2024 | up 58.3% | volatile |
| 58 | India | 7.55 million tonnes | 2024 | down 94.1% | volatile |
| 59 | Eritrea | 7.41 million tonnes | 2024 | up 64.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Gabon | 7.37 million tonnes | 2024 | up 13.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Nepal | 6.75 million tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 62 | Lesotho | 6.72 million tonnes | 2024 | up 2,466.0% | volatile |
| 63 | Chad | 6.55 million tonnes | 2024 | down 74.1% | volatile |
| 64 | Bhutan | 6.54 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.5% | volatile |
| 65 | Belize | 6.38 million tonnes | 2024 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 66 | Niger | 6.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 78.4% | volatile |
| 67 | Senegal | 5.89 million tonnes | 2024 | down 68.0% | volatile |
| 68 | Ukraine | 5.58 million tonnes | 2024 | down 22.0% | volatile |
| 69 | Japan | 5.49 million tonnes | 2024 | up 202.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Solomon Islands | 5.25 million tonnes | 2024 | down 21.8% | volatile |
| 71 | Netherlands | 5.14 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.0% | falling |
| 72 | Guinea-Bissau | 4.94 million tonnes | 2024 | up 270.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Namibia | 4.64 million tonnes | 2024 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 74 | Uganda | 4.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 55.6% | volatile |
| 75 | Burundi | 4.29 million tonnes | 2024 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Portugal | 4.12 million tonnes | 2024 | up 199.8% | volatile |
| 77 | Belgium | 3.84 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.9% | volatile |
| 78 | South Africa | 3.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 15.2% | volatile |
| 79 | East Timor | 3.76 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Guyana | 3.48 million tonnes | 2024 | down 29.9% | volatile |
| 81 | Latvia | 2.95 million tonnes | 2024 | up 557.2% | volatile |
| 82 | Egypt | 2.80 million tonnes | 2024 | up 31.3% | volatile |
| 83 | Azerbaijan | 2.65 million tonnes | 2024 | down 12.8% | falling |
| 84 | Algeria | 2.54 million tonnes | 2024 | down 9.4% | volatile |
| 85 | Rwanda | 2.29 million tonnes | 2024 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 86 | Iraq | 2.27 million tonnes | 2024 | down 80.7% | volatile |
| 87 | Slovenia | 2.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 46.0% | volatile |
| 88 | Togo | 2.04 million tonnes | 2024 | down 49.7% | volatile |
| 89 | Panama | 2.01 million tonnes | 2024 | down 58.2% | volatile |
| 90 | Denmark | 1.96 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Mongolia | 1.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 82.8% | rising |
| 92 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.37 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1,528.2% | volatile |
| 93 | Slovakia | 1.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 76.9% | volatile |
| 94 | Jordan | 1.32 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 95 | Brunei | 841,401 tonnes | 2024 | down 50.9% | volatile |
| 96 | Uruguay | 534,981 tonnes | 2024 | down 95.6% | volatile |
| 97 | Saudi Arabia | 471,923 tonnes | 2024 | up 157.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Mauritania | 367,976 tonnes | 2024 | up 5.1% | volatile |
| 99 | Iceland | 355,921 tonnes | 2024 | up 19.4% | volatile |
| 100 | Gambia | 313,455 tonnes | 2024 | down 75.1% | volatile |
| 101 | Oman | 269,084 tonnes | 2024 | down 25.2% | volatile |
| 102 | Eswatini | 210,900 tonnes | 2024 | down 42.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Yemen | 204,781 tonnes | 2024 | up 116.4% | volatile |
| 104 | El Salvador | 197,893 tonnes | 2024 | down 46.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Suriname | 174,516 tonnes | 2024 | down 93.0% | volatile |
| 106 | Luxembourg | 138,499 tonnes | 2024 | down 24.1% | volatile |
| 107 | Sao Tome and Principe | 123,367 tonnes | 2024 | up 143.1% | volatile |
| 108 | Dominican Republic | 108,894 tonnes | 2024 | down 99.4% | volatile |
| 109 | Djibouti | 101,383 tonnes | 2024 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 110 | Singapore | 97,389 tonnes | 2024 | down 68.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Lebanon | 71,924 tonnes | 2024 | up 1,263.2% | volatile |
| 112 | Tajikistan | 70,019 tonnes | 2024 | down 97.3% | volatile |
| 113 | Palestine | 37,666 tonnes | 2024 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 114 | Comoros | 26,527 tonnes | 2024 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 115 | Armenia | 24,292 tonnes | 2024 | down 96.2% | volatile |
| 116 | Qatar | 22,570 tonnes | 2024 | down 9.3% | volatile |
| 117 | Tonga | 15,609 tonnes | 2024 | down 83.7% | volatile |
| 118 | Kuwait | 9,929 tonnes | 2024 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 119 | Cape Verde | 2,821 tonnes | 2024 | down 91.9% | volatile |
| 120 | United Arab Emirates | 109.92 tonnes | 2024 | up 100.1% | volatile |
| 120 | Monaco | 109.92 tonnes | 2024 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 122 | Bahrain | 36.64 tonnes | 2024 | unchanged | volatile |
| 122 | Maldives | 36.64 tonnes | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Vatican | 0 tonnes | 2024 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 134 | San Marino | -5,716 tonnes | 2024 | up 63.2% | volatile |
| 135 | Andorra | -5,972 tonnes | 2024 | down 44.2% | volatile |
| 136 | Liechtenstein | -14,400 tonnes | 2024 | up 14.6% | volatile |
| 137 | Bahamas | -19,236 tonnes | 2024 | down 17.4% | volatile |
| 138 | Antigua and Barbuda | -26,308 tonnes | 2024 | up 30.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Mauritius | -36,274 tonnes | 2024 | down 106.4% | volatile |
| 140 | Israel | -38,802 tonnes | 2024 | down 145.1% | volatile |
| 141 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -58,038 tonnes | 2024 | up 19.4% | volatile |
| 142 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -68,407 tonnes | 2024 | down 298.8% | volatile |
| 143 | Malta | -68,883 tonnes | 2024 | down 104.8% | volatile |
| 144 | Barbados | -69,909 tonnes | 2024 | up 47.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Grenada | -84,125 tonnes | 2024 | up 41.3% | volatile |
| 146 | Dominica | -92,040 tonnes | 2024 | up 36.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Saint Lucia | -96,436 tonnes | 2024 | up 22.2% | volatile |
| 148 | Cuba | -96,693 tonnes | 2024 | up 99.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Switzerland | -127,690 tonnes | 2024 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 150 | Trinidad and Tobago | -164,550 tonnes | 2024 | up 65.8% | volatile |
| 151 | Botswana | -196,207 tonnes | 2024 | down 115.4% | volatile |
| 152 | Libya | -203,718 tonnes | 2024 | up 58.4% | volatile |
| 153 | Estonia | -207,749 tonnes | 2024 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 154 | Samoa | -232,004 tonnes | 2024 | down 134.9% | volatile |
| 155 | Vanuatu | -315,360 tonnes | 2024 | up 76.2% | volatile |
| 156 | Turkmenistan | -321,846 tonnes | 2024 | down 310.3% | volatile |
| 157 | Kyrgyzstan | -330,676 tonnes | 2024 | down 269.0% | volatile |
| 158 | Ireland | -335,622 tonnes | 2024 | down 110.2% | volatile |
| 159 | Jamaica | -390,692 tonnes | 2024 | down 153.1% | volatile |
| 160 | Albania | -420,041 tonnes | 2024 | down 163.5% | volatile |
| 161 | North Macedonia | -488,411 tonnes | 2024 | down 120.7% | volatile |
| 162 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -621,561 tonnes | 2024 | up 67.9% | volatile |
| 163 | Austria | -667,947 tonnes | 2024 | down 1,613.3% | volatile |
| 164 | Lithuania | -685,534 tonnes | 2024 | up 0.8% | volatile |
| 165 | Uzbekistan | -791,204 tonnes | 2024 | up 63.0% | volatile |
| 166 | Cyprus | -904,092 tonnes | 2024 | down 242.0% | volatile |
| 167 | Costa Rica | -986,495 tonnes | 2024 | down 146.5% | volatile |
| 168 | Fiji | -1.08 million tonnes | 2024 | down 96.8% | volatile |
| 169 | Tunisia | -1.32 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Zimbabwe | -1.75 million tonnes | 2024 | up 23.1% | volatile |
| 171 | Montenegro | -2.46 million tonnes | 2024 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Croatia | -2.62 million tonnes | 2024 | down 538.5% | volatile |
| 173 | Moldova | -3.39 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 174 | Belarus | -3.52 million tonnes | 2024 | down 237.0% | falling |
| 175 | South Korea | -3.62 million tonnes | 2024 | down 68.2% | volatile |
| 176 | Haiti | -4.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 163.4% | volatile |
| 177 | United Kingdom | -4.53 million tonnes | 2024 | down 133.8% | volatile |
| 178 | Germany | -4.98 million tonnes | 2024 | down 200.5% | volatile |
| 179 | Czechia | -5.68 million tonnes | 2024 | up 7.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Syria | -6.39 million tonnes | 2024 | down 1,266.4% | volatile |
| 181 | Georgia | -6.64 million tonnes | 2024 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 182 | Kazakhstan | -7.80 million tonnes | 2024 | down 109.6% | volatile |
| 183 | Bulgaria | -7.83 million tonnes | 2024 | down 60.5% | volatile |
| 184 | Turkey | -9.52 million tonnes | 2024 | up 23.6% | volatile |
| 185 | Spain | -10.46 million tonnes | 2024 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 186 | Hungary | -10.75 million tonnes | 2024 | down 15.8% | volatile |
| 187 | Ecuador | -12.18 million tonnes | 2024 | down 117.5% | volatile |
| 188 | France | -12.23 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 189 | Italy | -12.35 million tonnes | 2024 | up 71.7% | volatile |
| 190 | Morocco | -12.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 167.6% | volatile |
| 191 | Serbia | -16.41 million tonnes | 2024 | up 36.7% | volatile |
| 192 | Pakistan | -17.15 million tonnes | 2024 | down 454.6% | volatile |
| 193 | Greece | -20.36 million tonnes | 2024 | down 9.2% | volatile |
| 194 | Romania | -21.37 million tonnes | 2024 | down 375.2% | volatile |
| 195 | Poland | -28.89 million tonnes | 2024 | up 41.0% | volatile |
| 196 | Mexico | -37.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 199.8% | volatile |
| 197 | China | -319.42 million tonnes | 2024 | down 140.9% | volatile |
About this data
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.