Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change by country
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.
Countries reporting
193
Highest
1.60 billion tonnes
Brazil
Lowest
-319.42 million tonnes
China
Median
471,923 tonnes
Years covered
175
1850–2024
Data points
34,475
What the numbers show
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change is currently reported for 193 countries. The highest value is 1.60 billion tonnes in Brazil; the lowest is -319.42 million tonnes in China.
The median across all reporting countries is 471,923 tonnes, and the mean is 26.64 million tonnes.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 5.
Over the past decade 71 countries rose and 111 fell. The largest increase was in Afghanistan (up 23,183.2%), and the largest decrease in Austria (down 1,613.3%).
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 1.60 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 2 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 648.20 million tonnes | 2024 | down 23.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Indonesia | 576.19 million tonnes | 2024 | down 57.0% | volatile |
| 4 | Russia | 385.88 million tonnes | 2024 | up 202.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Cote d'Ivoire | 237.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 45.7% | volatile |
| 6 | Ethiopia | 214.04 million tonnes | 2024 | up 69.2% | volatile |
| 7 | Argentina | 144.41 million tonnes | 2024 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Vietnam | 113.23 million tonnes | 2024 | down 70.2% | volatile |
| 9 | Thailand | 112.24 million tonnes | 2024 | up 45.3% | volatile |
| 10 | United States | 112.06 million tonnes | 2024 | up 49.6% | volatile |
| 11 | Canada | 111.95 million tonnes | 2024 | down 27.9% | rising |
| 12 | Bolivia | 110.94 million tonnes | 2024 | up 60.5% | volatile |
| 13 | Tanzania | 79.02 million tonnes | 2024 | down 34.5% | volatile |
| 14 | Myanmar | 74.27 million tonnes | 2024 | down 38.2% | volatile |
| 15 | Zambia | 62.59 million tonnes | 2024 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Malaysia | 61.98 million tonnes | 2024 | down 75.0% | volatile |
| 17 | Central African Republic | 50.26 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1,024.0% | volatile |
| 18 | Angola | 50.00 million tonnes | 2024 | down 51.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Guinea | 49.80 million tonnes | 2024 | down 41.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Benin | 44.09 million tonnes | 2024 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 21 | Nigeria | 43.52 million tonnes | 2024 | up 90.8% | volatile |
| 22 | Cambodia | 43.42 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 23 | Philippines | 42.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 33.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Australia | 41.66 million tonnes | 2024 | down 50.2% | volatile |
| 25 | Finland | 33.25 million tonnes | 2024 | up 54.4% | falling |
| 26 | Mali | 31.32 million tonnes | 2024 | down 4.7% | volatile |
| 27 | Madagascar | 31.04 million tonnes | 2024 | down 6.2% | volatile |
| 28 | Mozambique | 30.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 12.3% | volatile |
| 29 | Guatemala | 29.58 million tonnes | 2024 | down 35.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Somalia | 29.15 million tonnes | 2024 | up 39.5% | volatile |
| 31 | Burkina Faso | 28.45 million tonnes | 2024 | down 11.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Papua New Guinea | 27.97 million tonnes | 2024 | down 27.9% | volatile |
| 33 | Iran | 24.26 million tonnes | 2024 | up 194.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Liberia | 24.26 million tonnes | 2024 | down 23.7% | volatile |
| 35 | Cameroon | 23.45 million tonnes | 2024 | down 11.8% | volatile |
| 36 | Laos | 19.45 million tonnes | 2024 | down 75.3% | volatile |
| 37 | Afghanistan | 18.25 million tonnes | 2024 | up 23,183.2% | volatile |
| 38 | Congo | 17.33 million tonnes | 2024 | up 12.2% | volatile |
| 39 | Peru | 16.68 million tonnes | 2024 | down 77.2% | volatile |
| 40 | Paraguay | 15.27 million tonnes | 2024 | down 63.0% | volatile |
| 41 | South Sudan | 15.01 million tonnes | 2024 | down 28.4% | volatile |
| 42 | Bangladesh | 14.80 million tonnes | 2024 | up 39.3% | volatile |
| 43 | Colombia | 14.53 million tonnes | 2024 | down 84.6% | volatile |
| 44 | New Zealand | 13.74 million tonnes | 2024 | down 16.1% | rising |
| 45 | Ghana | 13.53 million tonnes | 2024 | down 35.4% | volatile |
| 46 | Kenya | 13.23 million tonnes | 2024 | down 65.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Honduras | 13.22 million tonnes | 2024 | up 48.4% | volatile |
| 48 | Sri Lanka | 10.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.1% | volatile |
| 49 | North Korea | 9.99 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Venezuela | 9.90 million tonnes | 2024 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 51 | Chile | 9.59 million tonnes | 2024 | down 74.5% | rising |
| 52 | Nicaragua | 9.38 million tonnes | 2024 | up 20.6% | volatile |
| 53 | Malawi | 9.26 million tonnes | 2024 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Sudan | 8.87 million tonnes | 2024 | down 80.4% | volatile |
| 55 | Sierra Leone | 8.15 million tonnes | 2024 | down 51.6% | volatile |
| 56 | Sweden | 7.99 million tonnes | 2024 | up 85.0% | volatile |
| 57 | Norway | 7.74 million tonnes | 2024 | up 58.3% | volatile |
| 58 | India | 7.55 million tonnes | 2024 | down 94.1% | volatile |
| 59 | Eritrea | 7.41 million tonnes | 2024 | up 64.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Gabon | 7.37 million tonnes | 2024 | up 13.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Nepal | 6.75 million tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 62 | Lesotho | 6.72 million tonnes | 2024 | up 2,466.0% | volatile |
| 63 | Chad | 6.55 million tonnes | 2024 | down 74.1% | volatile |
| 64 | Bhutan | 6.54 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.5% | volatile |
| 65 | Belize | 6.38 million tonnes | 2024 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 66 | Niger | 6.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 78.4% | volatile |
| 67 | Senegal | 5.89 million tonnes | 2024 | down 68.0% | volatile |
| 68 | Ukraine | 5.58 million tonnes | 2024 | down 22.0% | volatile |
| 69 | Japan | 5.49 million tonnes | 2024 | up 202.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Solomon Islands | 5.25 million tonnes | 2024 | down 21.8% | volatile |
| 71 | Netherlands | 5.14 million tonnes | 2024 | down 19.0% | falling |
| 72 | Guinea-Bissau | 4.94 million tonnes | 2024 | up 270.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Namibia | 4.64 million tonnes | 2024 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 74 | Uganda | 4.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 55.6% | volatile |
| 75 | Burundi | 4.29 million tonnes | 2024 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Portugal | 4.12 million tonnes | 2024 | up 199.8% | volatile |
| 77 | Belgium | 3.84 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.9% | volatile |
| 78 | South Africa | 3.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 15.2% | volatile |
| 79 | East Timor | 3.76 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Guyana | 3.48 million tonnes | 2024 | down 29.9% | volatile |
| 81 | Latvia | 2.95 million tonnes | 2024 | up 557.2% | volatile |
| 82 | Egypt | 2.80 million tonnes | 2024 | up 31.3% | volatile |
| 83 | Azerbaijan | 2.65 million tonnes | 2024 | down 12.8% | falling |
| 84 | Algeria | 2.54 million tonnes | 2024 | down 9.4% | volatile |
| 85 | Rwanda | 2.29 million tonnes | 2024 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 86 | Iraq | 2.27 million tonnes | 2024 | down 80.7% | volatile |
| 87 | Slovenia | 2.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 46.0% | volatile |
| 88 | Togo | 2.04 million tonnes | 2024 | down 49.7% | volatile |
| 89 | Panama | 2.01 million tonnes | 2024 | down 58.2% | volatile |
| 90 | Denmark | 1.96 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Mongolia | 1.57 million tonnes | 2024 | down 82.8% | rising |
| 92 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.37 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1,528.2% | volatile |
| 93 | Slovakia | 1.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 76.9% | volatile |
| 94 | Jordan | 1.32 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 95 | Brunei | 841,401 tonnes | 2024 | down 50.9% | volatile |
| 96 | Uruguay | 534,981 tonnes | 2024 | down 95.6% | volatile |
| 97 | Saudi Arabia | 471,923 tonnes | 2024 | up 157.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Mauritania | 367,976 tonnes | 2024 | up 5.1% | volatile |
| 99 | Iceland | 355,921 tonnes | 2024 | up 19.4% | volatile |
| 100 | Gambia | 313,455 tonnes | 2024 | down 75.1% | volatile |
| 101 | Oman | 269,084 tonnes | 2024 | down 25.2% | volatile |
| 102 | Eswatini | 210,900 tonnes | 2024 | down 42.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Yemen | 204,781 tonnes | 2024 | up 116.4% | volatile |
| 104 | El Salvador | 197,893 tonnes | 2024 | down 46.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Suriname | 174,516 tonnes | 2024 | down 93.0% | volatile |
| 107 | Sao Tome and Principe | 123,367 tonnes | 2024 | up 143.1% | volatile |
| 108 | Dominican Republic | 108,894 tonnes | 2024 | down 99.4% | volatile |
| 109 | Djibouti | 101,383 tonnes | 2024 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 110 | Singapore | 97,389 tonnes | 2024 | down 68.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Lebanon | 71,924 tonnes | 2024 | up 1,263.2% | volatile |
| 112 | Tajikistan | 70,019 tonnes | 2024 | down 97.3% | volatile |
| 113 | Palestine | 37,666 tonnes | 2024 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 114 | Comoros | 26,527 tonnes | 2024 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 115 | Armenia | 24,292 tonnes | 2024 | down 96.2% | volatile |
| 116 | Qatar | 22,570 tonnes | 2024 | down 9.3% | volatile |
| 117 | Tonga | 15,609 tonnes | 2024 | down 83.7% | volatile |
| 118 | Kuwait | 9,929 tonnes | 2024 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 119 | Cape Verde | 2,821 tonnes | 2024 | down 91.9% | volatile |
| 120 | United Arab Emirates | 109.92 tonnes | 2024 | up 100.1% | volatile |
| 120 | Monaco | 109.92 tonnes | 2024 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 122 | Bahrain | 36.64 tonnes | 2024 | unchanged | volatile |
| 122 | Maldives | 36.64 tonnes | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Micronesia (country) | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Kiribati | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Marshall Islands | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Nauru | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Palau | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Seychelles | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Tuvalu | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Cook Islands | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Niue | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 124 | Vatican | 0 tonnes | 2024 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 134 | San Marino | -5,716 tonnes | 2024 | up 63.2% | volatile |
| 135 | Andorra | -5,972 tonnes | 2024 | down 44.2% | volatile |
| 137 | Bahamas | -19,236 tonnes | 2024 | down 17.4% | volatile |
| 138 | Antigua and Barbuda | -26,308 tonnes | 2024 | up 30.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Mauritius | -36,274 tonnes | 2024 | down 106.4% | volatile |
| 140 | Israel | -38,802 tonnes | 2024 | down 145.1% | volatile |
| 141 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -58,038 tonnes | 2024 | up 19.4% | volatile |
| 142 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -68,407 tonnes | 2024 | down 298.8% | volatile |
| 144 | Barbados | -69,909 tonnes | 2024 | up 47.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Grenada | -84,125 tonnes | 2024 | up 41.3% | volatile |
| 146 | Dominica | -92,040 tonnes | 2024 | up 36.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Saint Lucia | -96,436 tonnes | 2024 | up 22.2% | volatile |
| 148 | Cuba | -96,693 tonnes | 2024 | up 99.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Switzerland | -127,690 tonnes | 2024 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 150 | Trinidad and Tobago | -164,550 tonnes | 2024 | up 65.8% | volatile |
| 151 | Botswana | -196,207 tonnes | 2024 | down 115.4% | volatile |
| 152 | Libya | -203,718 tonnes | 2024 | up 58.4% | volatile |
| 153 | Estonia | -207,749 tonnes | 2024 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 154 | Samoa | -232,004 tonnes | 2024 | down 134.9% | volatile |
| 155 | Vanuatu | -315,360 tonnes | 2024 | up 76.2% | volatile |
| 156 | Turkmenistan | -321,846 tonnes | 2024 | down 310.3% | volatile |
| 157 | Kyrgyzstan | -330,676 tonnes | 2024 | down 269.0% | volatile |
| 159 | Jamaica | -390,692 tonnes | 2024 | down 153.1% | volatile |
| 160 | Albania | -420,041 tonnes | 2024 | down 163.5% | volatile |
| 161 | North Macedonia | -488,411 tonnes | 2024 | down 120.7% | volatile |
| 162 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -621,561 tonnes | 2024 | up 67.9% | volatile |
| 163 | Austria | -667,947 tonnes | 2024 | down 1,613.3% | volatile |
| 164 | Lithuania | -685,534 tonnes | 2024 | up 0.8% | volatile |
| 165 | Uzbekistan | -791,204 tonnes | 2024 | up 63.0% | volatile |
| 166 | Cyprus | -904,092 tonnes | 2024 | down 242.0% | volatile |
| 167 | Costa Rica | -986,495 tonnes | 2024 | down 146.5% | volatile |
| 168 | Fiji | -1.08 million tonnes | 2024 | down 96.8% | volatile |
| 169 | Tunisia | -1.32 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Zimbabwe | -1.75 million tonnes | 2024 | up 23.1% | volatile |
| 171 | Montenegro | -2.46 million tonnes | 2024 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Croatia | -2.62 million tonnes | 2024 | down 538.5% | volatile |
| 173 | Moldova | -3.39 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 174 | Belarus | -3.52 million tonnes | 2024 | down 237.0% | falling |
| 175 | South Korea | -3.62 million tonnes | 2024 | down 68.2% | volatile |
| 176 | Haiti | -4.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 163.4% | volatile |
| 177 | United Kingdom | -4.53 million tonnes | 2024 | down 133.8% | volatile |
| 178 | Germany | -4.98 million tonnes | 2024 | down 200.5% | volatile |
| 179 | Czechia | -5.68 million tonnes | 2024 | up 7.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Syria | -6.39 million tonnes | 2024 | down 1,266.4% | volatile |
| 181 | Georgia | -6.64 million tonnes | 2024 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 182 | Kazakhstan | -7.80 million tonnes | 2024 | down 109.6% | volatile |
| 183 | Bulgaria | -7.83 million tonnes | 2024 | down 60.5% | volatile |
| 184 | Turkey | -9.52 million tonnes | 2024 | up 23.6% | volatile |
| 185 | Spain | -10.46 million tonnes | 2024 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 186 | Hungary | -10.75 million tonnes | 2024 | down 15.8% | volatile |
| 187 | Ecuador | -12.18 million tonnes | 2024 | down 117.5% | volatile |
| 188 | France | -12.23 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 189 | Italy | -12.35 million tonnes | 2024 | up 71.7% | volatile |
| 190 | Morocco | -12.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 167.6% | volatile |
| 191 | Serbia | -16.41 million tonnes | 2024 | up 36.7% | volatile |
| 192 | Pakistan | -17.15 million tonnes | 2024 | down 454.6% | volatile |
| 193 | Greece | -20.36 million tonnes | 2024 | down 9.2% | volatile |
| 194 | Romania | -21.37 million tonnes | 2024 | down 375.2% | volatile |
| 195 | Poland | -28.89 million tonnes | 2024 | up 41.0% | volatile |
| 196 | Mexico | -37.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 199.8% | volatile |
| 197 | China | -319.42 million tonnes | 2024 | down 140.9% | volatile |
About this data
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.