Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia
Indonesia: Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change was 576.19 million tonnes in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
576.19 million tonnes
Change on year
down 13.2%
World rank
3rd
of 197 countries
All-time high
2.38 billion tonnes
in 1997
All-time low
99.48 million tonnes
in 1850
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia, 1850–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.
Analysis
In 2024, annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia stood at 576.19 million tonnes.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 13.2% on the previous year and down 57.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia peaked at 2.38 billion tonnes in 1997 and was at its lowest, 99.48 million tonnes, in 1850.
Indonesia ranks 3rd of 197 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia, year by year
| Year | tonnes | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 99.48 million tonnes | — |
| 1851 | 160.68 million tonnes | +61.5% |
| 1852 | 205.67 million tonnes | +28.0% |
| 1853 | 217.31 million tonnes | +5.7% |
| 1854 | 224.46 million tonnes | +3.3% |
| 1855 | 261.54 million tonnes | +16.5% |
| 1856 | 249.32 million tonnes | -4.7% |
| 1857 | 255.66 million tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1858 | 265.88 million tonnes | +4.0% |
| 1859 | 277.04 million tonnes | +4.2% |
| 1860 | 266.98 million tonnes | -3.6% |
| 1861 | 275.52 million tonnes | +3.2% |
| 1862 | 250.91 million tonnes | -8.9% |
| 1863 | 250.16 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1864 | 267.06 million tonnes | +6.8% |
| 1865 | 266.81 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1866 | 255.11 million tonnes | -4.4% |
| 1867 | 255.51 million tonnes | +0.2% |
| 1868 | 262.27 million tonnes | +2.6% |
| 1869 | 265.51 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1870 | 256.10 million tonnes | -3.5% |
| 1871 | 232.11 million tonnes | -9.4% |
| 1872 | 240.57 million tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1873 | 235.37 million tonnes | -2.2% |
| 1874 | 231.68 million tonnes | -1.6% |
| 1875 | 239.97 million tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1876 | 227.03 million tonnes | -5.4% |
| 1877 | 236.38 million tonnes | +4.1% |
| 1878 | 234.53 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 1879 | 233.87 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1880 | 225.22 million tonnes | -3.7% |
| 1881 | 210.34 million tonnes | -6.6% |
| 1882 | 208.86 million tonnes | -0.7% |
| 1883 | 209.36 million tonnes | +0.2% |
| 1884 | 194.95 million tonnes | -6.9% |
| 1885 | 206.48 million tonnes | +5.9% |
| 1886 | 191.37 million tonnes | -7.3% |
| 1887 | 201.38 million tonnes | +5.2% |
| 1888 | 206.96 million tonnes | +2.8% |
| 1889 | 207.84 million tonnes | +0.4% |
| 1890 | 223.65 million tonnes | +7.6% |
| 1891 | 237.79 million tonnes | +6.3% |
| 1892 | 252.02 million tonnes | +6.0% |
| 1893 | 237.28 million tonnes | -5.8% |
| 1894 | 253.74 million tonnes | +6.9% |
| 1895 | 251.31 million tonnes | -1.0% |
| 1896 | 254.40 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1897 | 259.25 million tonnes | +1.9% |
| 1898 | 256.05 million tonnes | -1.2% |
| 1899 | 255.48 million tonnes | -0.2% |
| 1900 | 243.26 million tonnes | -4.8% |
| 1901 | 250.47 million tonnes | +3.0% |
| 1902 | 239.04 million tonnes | -4.6% |
| 1903 | 250.47 million tonnes | +4.8% |
| 1904 | 241.76 million tonnes | -3.5% |
| 1905 | 239.59 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1906 | 238.34 million tonnes | -0.5% |
| 1907 | 244.25 million tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1908 | 235.24 million tonnes | -3.7% |
| 1909 | 242.07 million tonnes | +2.9% |
| 1910 | 245.59 million tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1911 | 240.92 million tonnes | -1.9% |
| 1912 | 234.47 million tonnes | -2.7% |
| 1913 | 236.04 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1914 | 241.91 million tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1915 | 243.53 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1916 | 246.83 million tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1917 | 229.74 million tonnes | -6.9% |
| 1918 | 234.28 million tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1919 | 240.45 million tonnes | +2.6% |
| 1920 | 226.78 million tonnes | -5.7% |
| 1921 | 232.05 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1922 | 232.68 million tonnes | +0.3% |
| 1923 | 239.68 million tonnes | +3.0% |
| 1924 | 241.31 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1925 | 236.35 million tonnes | -2.1% |
| 1926 | 249.71 million tonnes | +5.7% |
| 1927 | 241.95 million tonnes | -3.1% |
| 1928 | 253.91 million tonnes | +4.9% |
| 1929 | 258.12 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1930 | 259.95 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1931 | 269.99 million tonnes | +3.9% |
| 1932 | 274.06 million tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1933 | 278.16 million tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1934 | 287.35 million tonnes | +3.3% |
| 1935 | 275.41 million tonnes | -4.2% |
| 1936 | 286.12 million tonnes | +3.9% |
| 1937 | 291.08 million tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1938 | 299.73 million tonnes | +3.0% |
| 1939 | 303.07 million tonnes | +1.1% |
| 1940 | 302.71 million tonnes | -0.1% |
| 1941 | 309.50 million tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1942 | 312.56 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1943 | 319.78 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1944 | 319.90 million tonnes | +0.0% |
| 1945 | 330.45 million tonnes | +3.3% |
| 1946 | 335.87 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1947 | 341.30 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1948 | 346.76 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1949 | 337.57 million tonnes | -2.7% |
| 1950 | 346.68 million tonnes | +2.7% |
| 1951 | 356.76 million tonnes | +2.9% |
| 1952 | 359.71 million tonnes | +0.8% |
| 1953 | 365.11 million tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1954 | 377.07 million tonnes | +3.3% |
| 1955 | 385.50 million tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1956 | 397.46 million tonnes | +3.1% |
| 1957 | 409.24 million tonnes | +3.0% |
| 1958 | 420.79 million tonnes | +2.8% |
| 1959 | 428.79 million tonnes | +1.9% |
| 1960 | 373.13 million tonnes | -13.0% |
| 1961 | 455.62 million tonnes | +22.1% |
| 1962 | 492.38 million tonnes | +8.1% |
| 1963 | 469.10 million tonnes | -4.7% |
| 1964 | 502.29 million tonnes | +7.1% |
| 1965 | 489.67 million tonnes | -2.5% |
| 1966 | 449.89 million tonnes | -8.1% |
| 1967 | 545.71 million tonnes | +21.3% |
| 1968 | 568.93 million tonnes | +4.3% |
| 1969 | 489.23 million tonnes | -14.0% |
| 1970 | 528.81 million tonnes | +8.1% |
| 1971 | 560.21 million tonnes | +5.9% |
| 1972 | 541.35 million tonnes | -3.4% |
| 1973 | 529.07 million tonnes | -2.3% |
| 1974 | 572.94 million tonnes | +8.3% |
| 1975 | 488.71 million tonnes | -14.7% |
| 1976 | 484.16 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 1977 | 498.80 million tonnes | +3.0% |
| 1978 | 568.72 million tonnes | +14.0% |
| 1979 | 574.04 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1980 | 576.81 million tonnes | +0.5% |
| 1981 | 574.32 million tonnes | -0.4% |
| 1982 | 533.26 million tonnes | -7.1% |
| 1983 | 558.75 million tonnes | +4.8% |
| 1984 | 1.19 billion tonnes | +113.3% |
| 1985 | 1.43 billion tonnes | +19.6% |
| 1986 | 1.60 billion tonnes | +12.1% |
| 1987 | 1.27 billion tonnes | -20.5% |
| 1988 | 932.32 million tonnes | -26.5% |
| 1989 | 970.72 million tonnes | +4.1% |
| 1990 | 576.79 million tonnes | -40.6% |
| 1991 | 496.68 million tonnes | -13.9% |
| 1992 | 681.87 million tonnes | +37.3% |
| 1993 | 516.23 million tonnes | -24.3% |
| 1994 | 789.40 million tonnes | +52.9% |
| 1995 | 680.88 million tonnes | -13.7% |
| 1996 | 591.78 million tonnes | -13.1% |
| 1997 | 2.38 billion tonnes | +302.2% |
| 1998 | 692.21 million tonnes | -70.9% |
| 1999 | 661.99 million tonnes | -4.4% |
| 2000 | 652.36 million tonnes | -1.5% |
| 2001 | 513.70 million tonnes | -21.3% |
| 2002 | 854.35 million tonnes | +66.3% |
| 2003 | 481.32 million tonnes | -43.7% |
| 2004 | 631.11 million tonnes | +31.1% |
| 2005 | 548.14 million tonnes | -13.1% |
| 2006 | 1.21 billion tonnes | +120.4% |
| 2007 | 705.97 million tonnes | -41.6% |
| 2008 | 872.68 million tonnes | +23.6% |
| 2009 | 1.19 billion tonnes | +36.6% |
| 2010 | 963.19 million tonnes | -19.2% |
| 2011 | 1.05 billion tonnes | +8.6% |
| 2012 | 1.13 billion tonnes | +8.2% |
| 2013 | 1.24 billion tonnes | +9.5% |
| 2014 | 1.34 billion tonnes | +8.0% |
| 2015 | 1.79 billion tonnes | +33.9% |
| 2016 | 874.28 million tonnes | -51.2% |
| 2017 | 781.56 million tonnes | -10.6% |
| 2018 | 788.01 million tonnes | +0.8% |
| 2019 | 1.02 billion tonnes | +29.3% |
| 2020 | 669.86 million tonnes | -34.3% |
| 2021 | 692.83 million tonnes | +3.4% |
| 2022 | 551.54 million tonnes | -20.4% |
| 2023 | 663.90 million tonnes | +20.4% |
| 2024 | 576.19 million tonnes | -13.2% |
Indonesia compared with similar countries
- Indonesia's 576.19 million tonnes is above the median for upper middle income countries, which is 1,429 tonnes, 403224.7× the median. (58 countries reporting)
- Indonesia's 576.19 million tonnes is above the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is 2.66 million tonnes, 216.3× the median. (30 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | +302.2% | 591.78 million tonnes | 2.38 billion tonnes |
| 2006 | +120.4% | 548.14 million tonnes | 1.21 billion tonnes |
| 1984 | +113.3% | 558.75 million tonnes | 1.19 billion tonnes |
| 1998 | -70.9% | 2.38 billion tonnes | 692.21 million tonnes |
| 2002 | +66.3% | 513.70 million tonnes | 854.35 million tonnes |
| 1851 | +61.5% | 99.48 million tonnes | 160.68 million tonnes |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 221.70 million tonnes | 99.48 million tonnes | 277.04 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1860s | 261.58 million tonnes | 250.16 million tonnes | 275.52 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1870s | 236.76 million tonnes | 227.03 million tonnes | 256.10 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1880s | 206.28 million tonnes | 191.37 million tonnes | 225.22 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1890s | 248.10 million tonnes | 223.65 million tonnes | 259.25 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1900s | 242.45 million tonnes | 235.24 million tonnes | 250.47 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1910s | 239.38 million tonnes | 229.74 million tonnes | 246.83 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1920s | 241.25 million tonnes | 226.78 million tonnes | 258.12 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1930s | 282.49 million tonnes | 259.95 million tonnes | 303.07 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1940s | 325.64 million tonnes | 302.71 million tonnes | 346.76 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1950s | 384.71 million tonnes | 346.68 million tonnes | 428.79 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1960s | 483.59 million tonnes | 373.13 million tonnes | 568.93 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1970s | 534.68 million tonnes | 484.16 million tonnes | 574.04 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1980s | 962.90 million tonnes | 533.26 million tonnes | 1.60 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1990s | 806.81 million tonnes | 496.68 million tonnes | 2.38 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2000s | 766.03 million tonnes | 481.32 million tonnes | 1.21 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.10 billion tonnes | 781.56 million tonnes | 1.79 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2020s | 630.87 million tonnes | 551.54 million tonnes | 692.83 million tonnes | 5 |
Countries ranked near Indonesia
- 1 Brazil 1.60 billion tonnes compare
- 2 Democratic Republic of Congo 648.20 million tonnes compare
- 4 Russia 385.88 million tonnes compare
- 5 Cote d'Ivoire 237.57 million tonnes compare
- 6 Ethiopia 214.04 million tonnes compare
More climate change data for Indonesia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 3.73 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 60,521 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 23,775 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 36,746 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 89.72 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 1,312 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 101,360 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 26,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 75,346 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 98.17 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia?
- Annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia was 576.19 million tonnes in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in Indonesia?
- The highest recorded value was 2.38 billion tonnes in 1997.
- What is the lowest annual co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in Indonesia?
- The lowest recorded value was 99.48 million tonnes in 1850.
- How does Indonesia rank for annual co₂ emissions from land-use change?
- Indonesia ranks 3rd out of 197 countries with data for 2024.
- Is annual co₂ emissions from land-use change rising or falling in Indonesia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 57.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Indonesia data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.