Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar
Madagascar: Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change was 31.04 million tonnes in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
31.04 million tonnes
Change on year
up 0.3%
World rank
27th
of 197 countries
All-time high
146.29 million tonnes
in 1998
All-time low
-3.65 million tonnes
in 1909
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar, 1850–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.
Analysis
In 2024, annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar stood at 31.04 million tonnes.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.3% on the previous year and down 6.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar peaked at 146.29 million tonnes in 1998 and was at its lowest, -3.65 million tonnes, in 1909.
That places Madagascar 27th out of 197 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar, year by year
| Year | tonnes | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 20.43 million tonnes | — |
| 1851 | 16.97 million tonnes | -16.9% |
| 1852 | 14.07 million tonnes | -17.1% |
| 1853 | 15.06 million tonnes | +7.0% |
| 1854 | 15.65 million tonnes | +3.9% |
| 1855 | 16.23 million tonnes | +3.7% |
| 1856 | 15.01 million tonnes | -7.5% |
| 1857 | 13.78 million tonnes | -8.2% |
| 1858 | 12.25 million tonnes | -11.1% |
| 1859 | 14.00 million tonnes | +14.3% |
| 1860 | 13.19 million tonnes | -5.8% |
| 1861 | 13.90 million tonnes | +5.4% |
| 1862 | 12.61 million tonnes | -9.3% |
| 1863 | 12.20 million tonnes | -3.3% |
| 1864 | 11.80 million tonnes | -3.3% |
| 1865 | 12.59 million tonnes | +6.7% |
| 1866 | 14.29 million tonnes | +13.6% |
| 1867 | 12.71 million tonnes | -11.1% |
| 1868 | 12.45 million tonnes | -2.0% |
| 1869 | 14.51 million tonnes | +16.5% |
| 1870 | 14.20 million tonnes | -2.1% |
| 1871 | 14.81 million tonnes | +4.3% |
| 1872 | 15.72 million tonnes | +6.1% |
| 1873 | 18.24 million tonnes | +16.0% |
| 1874 | 17.40 million tonnes | -4.6% |
| 1875 | 16.47 million tonnes | -5.3% |
| 1876 | 16.01 million tonnes | -2.8% |
| 1877 | 17.59 million tonnes | +9.8% |
| 1878 | 16.96 million tonnes | -3.6% |
| 1879 | 16.11 million tonnes | -5.0% |
| 1880 | 17.62 million tonnes | +9.4% |
| 1881 | 18.76 million tonnes | +6.5% |
| 1882 | 15.85 million tonnes | -15.5% |
| 1883 | 17.95 million tonnes | +13.2% |
| 1884 | 20.47 million tonnes | +14.1% |
| 1885 | 18.41 million tonnes | -10.1% |
| 1886 | 19.48 million tonnes | +5.8% |
| 1887 | 17.66 million tonnes | -9.3% |
| 1888 | 16.77 million tonnes | -5.1% |
| 1889 | 16.81 million tonnes | +0.2% |
| 1890 | 10.52 million tonnes | -37.4% |
| 1891 | 7.29 million tonnes | -30.7% |
| 1892 | 5.04 million tonnes | -30.9% |
| 1893 | 3.20 million tonnes | -36.5% |
| 1894 | 1.95 million tonnes | -39.0% |
| 1895 | 804,248 tonnes | -58.8% |
| 1896 | -169,973 tonnes | -121.1% |
| 1897 | -1.00 million tonnes | +491.2% |
| 1898 | -1.78 million tonnes | +77.3% |
| 1899 | -2.45 million tonnes | +37.7% |
| 1900 | -2.74 million tonnes | +11.7% |
| 1901 | -2.90 million tonnes | +5.8% |
| 1902 | -2.96 million tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1903 | -3.12 million tonnes | +5.5% |
| 1904 | -3.26 million tonnes | +4.4% |
| 1905 | -3.33 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1906 | -3.41 million tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1907 | -3.53 million tonnes | +3.7% |
| 1908 | -3.57 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1909 | -3.65 million tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1910 | -3.51 million tonnes | -4.1% |
| 1911 | -3.36 million tonnes | -4.2% |
| 1912 | -3.13 million tonnes | -6.7% |
| 1913 | -3.09 million tonnes | -1.4% |
| 1914 | -2.94 million tonnes | -4.9% |
| 1915 | -2.76 million tonnes | -6.1% |
| 1916 | -2.70 million tonnes | -2.3% |
| 1917 | -2.56 million tonnes | -5.0% |
| 1918 | -2.46 million tonnes | -3.8% |
| 1919 | -2.36 million tonnes | -4.3% |
| 1920 | 12.61 million tonnes | -634.8% |
| 1921 | 19.89 million tonnes | +57.7% |
| 1922 | 24.52 million tonnes | +23.3% |
| 1923 | 28.13 million tonnes | +14.7% |
| 1924 | 30.62 million tonnes | +8.9% |
| 1925 | 34.10 million tonnes | +11.3% |
| 1926 | 36.21 million tonnes | +6.2% |
| 1927 | 37.87 million tonnes | +4.6% |
| 1928 | 38.12 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 1929 | 40.95 million tonnes | +7.4% |
| 1930 | 44.97 million tonnes | +9.8% |
| 1931 | 45.92 million tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1932 | 48.21 million tonnes | +5.0% |
| 1933 | 47.50 million tonnes | -1.5% |
| 1934 | 51.23 million tonnes | +7.8% |
| 1935 | 51.06 million tonnes | -0.3% |
| 1936 | 50.02 million tonnes | -2.0% |
| 1937 | 54.16 million tonnes | +8.3% |
| 1938 | 61.61 million tonnes | +13.8% |
| 1939 | 56.83 million tonnes | -7.8% |
| 1940 | 65.10 million tonnes | +14.6% |
| 1941 | 69.17 million tonnes | +6.2% |
| 1942 | 73.67 million tonnes | +6.5% |
| 1943 | 83.56 million tonnes | +13.4% |
| 1944 | 77.08 million tonnes | -7.7% |
| 1945 | 79.32 million tonnes | +2.9% |
| 1946 | 81.16 million tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1947 | 88.61 million tonnes | +9.2% |
| 1948 | 83.28 million tonnes | -6.0% |
| 1949 | 84.62 million tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1950 | 67.44 million tonnes | -20.3% |
| 1951 | 74.15 million tonnes | +9.9% |
| 1952 | 79.58 million tonnes | +7.3% |
| 1953 | 82.97 million tonnes | +4.3% |
| 1954 | 85.64 million tonnes | +3.2% |
| 1955 | 95.42 million tonnes | +11.4% |
| 1956 | 100.96 million tonnes | +5.8% |
| 1957 | 110.57 million tonnes | +9.5% |
| 1958 | 111.63 million tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1959 | 121.27 million tonnes | +8.6% |
| 1960 | 120.33 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 1961 | 89.53 million tonnes | -25.6% |
| 1962 | 68.41 million tonnes | -23.6% |
| 1963 | 60.71 million tonnes | -11.3% |
| 1964 | 51.26 million tonnes | -15.6% |
| 1965 | 47.12 million tonnes | -8.1% |
| 1966 | 42.41 million tonnes | -10.0% |
| 1967 | 40.86 million tonnes | -3.7% |
| 1968 | 43.83 million tonnes | +7.3% |
| 1969 | 39.91 million tonnes | -8.9% |
| 1970 | 36.45 million tonnes | -8.7% |
| 1971 | 37.73 million tonnes | +3.5% |
| 1972 | 38.99 million tonnes | +3.3% |
| 1973 | 38.53 million tonnes | -1.2% |
| 1974 | 87.28 million tonnes | +126.5% |
| 1975 | 96.00 million tonnes | +10.0% |
| 1976 | 84.36 million tonnes | -12.1% |
| 1977 | 91.47 million tonnes | +8.4% |
| 1978 | 71.33 million tonnes | -22.0% |
| 1979 | 51.84 million tonnes | -27.3% |
| 1980 | 45.90 million tonnes | -11.5% |
| 1981 | 44.33 million tonnes | -3.4% |
| 1982 | 42.96 million tonnes | -3.1% |
| 1983 | 39.43 million tonnes | -8.2% |
| 1984 | 38.89 million tonnes | -1.4% |
| 1985 | 41.02 million tonnes | +5.5% |
| 1986 | 37.10 million tonnes | -9.6% |
| 1987 | 35.99 million tonnes | -3.0% |
| 1988 | 36.43 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1989 | 36.47 million tonnes | +0.1% |
| 1990 | 36.79 million tonnes | +0.9% |
| 1991 | 36.61 million tonnes | -0.5% |
| 1992 | 53.11 million tonnes | +45.1% |
| 1993 | 51.51 million tonnes | -3.0% |
| 1994 | 68.87 million tonnes | +33.7% |
| 1995 | 60.72 million tonnes | -11.8% |
| 1996 | 85.46 million tonnes | +40.7% |
| 1997 | 101.58 million tonnes | +18.9% |
| 1998 | 146.29 million tonnes | +44.0% |
| 1999 | 141.99 million tonnes | -2.9% |
| 2000 | 130.58 million tonnes | -8.0% |
| 2001 | 101.69 million tonnes | -22.1% |
| 2002 | 88.37 million tonnes | -13.1% |
| 2003 | 77.37 million tonnes | -12.4% |
| 2004 | 70.79 million tonnes | -8.5% |
| 2005 | 58.48 million tonnes | -17.4% |
| 2006 | 53.84 million tonnes | -7.9% |
| 2007 | 51.84 million tonnes | -3.7% |
| 2008 | 49.72 million tonnes | -4.1% |
| 2009 | 44.74 million tonnes | -10.0% |
| 2010 | 44.33 million tonnes | -0.9% |
| 2011 | 39.89 million tonnes | -10.0% |
| 2012 | 38.60 million tonnes | -3.2% |
| 2013 | 39.96 million tonnes | +3.5% |
| 2014 | 33.10 million tonnes | -17.2% |
| 2015 | 37.42 million tonnes | +13.0% |
| 2016 | 37.10 million tonnes | -0.8% |
| 2017 | 37.36 million tonnes | +0.7% |
| 2018 | 32.77 million tonnes | -12.3% |
| 2019 | 30.37 million tonnes | -7.3% |
| 2020 | 30.16 million tonnes | -0.7% |
| 2021 | 29.61 million tonnes | -1.8% |
| 2022 | 30.60 million tonnes | +3.3% |
| 2023 | 30.95 million tonnes | +1.2% |
| 2024 | 31.04 million tonnes | +0.3% |
Madagascar compared with similar countries
- Madagascar's 31.04 million tonnes is above the median for low income countries, which is 9.26 million tonnes, 3.4× the median. (25 countries reporting)
- Madagascar's 31.04 million tonnes is above the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 7.78 million tonnes, 4.0× the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | +634.8% | -2.36 million tonnes | 12.61 million tonnes |
| 1897 | -491.2% | -169,973 tonnes | -1.00 million tonnes |
| 1974 | +126.5% | 38.53 million tonnes | 87.28 million tonnes |
| 1896 | -121.1% | 804,248 tonnes | -169,973 tonnes |
| 1898 | -77.3% | -1.00 million tonnes | -1.78 million tonnes |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 15.34 million tonnes | 12.25 million tonnes | 20.43 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1860s | 13.02 million tonnes | 11.80 million tonnes | 14.51 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1870s | 16.35 million tonnes | 14.20 million tonnes | 18.24 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1880s | 17.98 million tonnes | 15.85 million tonnes | 20.47 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1890s | 2.34 million tonnes | -2.45 million tonnes | 10.52 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1900s | -3.25 million tonnes | -3.65 million tonnes | -2.74 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1910s | -2.89 million tonnes | -3.51 million tonnes | -2.36 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1920s | 30.30 million tonnes | 12.61 million tonnes | 40.95 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1930s | 51.15 million tonnes | 44.97 million tonnes | 61.61 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1940s | 78.56 million tonnes | 65.10 million tonnes | 88.61 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1950s | 92.96 million tonnes | 67.44 million tonnes | 121.27 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1960s | 60.44 million tonnes | 39.91 million tonnes | 120.33 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1970s | 63.40 million tonnes | 36.45 million tonnes | 96.00 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1980s | 39.85 million tonnes | 35.99 million tonnes | 45.90 million tonnes | 10 |
| 1990s | 78.29 million tonnes | 36.61 million tonnes | 146.29 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2000s | 72.74 million tonnes | 44.74 million tonnes | 130.58 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2010s | 37.09 million tonnes | 30.37 million tonnes | 44.33 million tonnes | 10 |
| 2020s | 30.47 million tonnes | 29.61 million tonnes | 31.04 million tonnes | 5 |
Countries ranked near Madagascar
More climate change data for Madagascar
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 36.84 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 23,568 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 7,815 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 15,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 29.49 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 562.62 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 9,018 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 880.86 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 8,138 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 3.32 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar?
- Annual co₂ emissions from land-use change in Madagascar was 31.04 million tonnes in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest annual co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in Madagascar?
- The highest recorded value was 146.29 million tonnes in 1998.
- What is the lowest annual co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in Madagascar?
- The lowest recorded value was -3.65 million tonnes in 1909.
- How does Madagascar rank for annual co₂ emissions from land-use change?
- Madagascar ranks 27th out of 197 countries with data for 2024.
- Is annual co₂ emissions from land-use change rising or falling in Madagascar?
- Over the last ten years it is down 6.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Madagascar data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change, measured in tonnes.