Consumption-based CO₂ emissions in India

India: Consumption-based CO₂ emissions was 2.54 billion tonnes in 2023. ▲ Rising

Latest (2023)
2.54 billion tonnes
Change on year
up 8.7%
World rank
3rd
of 120 countries
All-time high
2.54 billion tonnes
in 2023
All-time low
583.35 million tonnes
in 1990
Years of data
34
1990–2023

Consumption-based CO₂ emissions in India, 1990–2023

500.0M1.0B1.5B2.0B2.5B1990200620231990: 583.4M tonnes1991: 603.9M tonnes1992: 656.8M tonnes1993: 661.1M tonnes1994: 692.3M tonnes1995: 728.6M tonnes1996: 773.6M tonnes1997: 802.5M tonnes1998: 814.1M tonnes1999: 922.0M tonnes2000: 914.4M tonnes2001: 921.5M tonnes2002: 936.9M tonnes2003: 985.4M tonnes2004: 1.0B tonnes2005: 1.1B tonnes2006: 1.2B tonnes2007: 1.3B tonnes2008: 1.4B tonnes2009: 1.5B tonnes2010: 1.6B tonnes2011: 1.6B tonnes2012: 1.8B tonnes2013: 1.6B tonnes2014: 1.8B tonnes2015: 2.0B tonnes2016: 2.0B tonnes2017: 2.1B tonnes2018: 2.2B tonnes2019: 2.3B tonnes2020: 2.1B tonnes2021: 2.3B tonnes2022: 2.3B tonnes2023: 2.5B tonnes

Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.

Analysis

In 2023, consumption-based co₂ emissions in India stood at 2.54 billion tonnes. That is the highest value across all 34 years on record.

That represents a change of up 8.7% on the previous year and up 55.3% over ten years.

Over the whole period, consumption-based co₂ emissions in India peaked at 2.54 billion tonnes in 2023 and was at its lowest, 583.35 million tonnes, in 1990.

That places India 3rd out of 120 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the top 10%.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 34 years of available data.

Consumption-based CO₂ emissions in India, year by year

Annual values for Consumption-based CO₂ emissions in India, 1990 to 2023.
Year tonnes Change
1990 583.35 million tonnes
1991 603.91 million tonnes +3.5%
1992 656.84 million tonnes +8.8%
1993 661.07 million tonnes +0.6%
1994 692.35 million tonnes +4.7%
1995 728.64 million tonnes +5.2%
1996 773.57 million tonnes +6.2%
1997 802.52 million tonnes +3.7%
1998 814.09 million tonnes +1.4%
1999 922.02 million tonnes +13.3%
2000 914.37 million tonnes -0.8%
2001 921.53 million tonnes +0.8%
2002 936.88 million tonnes +1.7%
2003 985.41 million tonnes +5.2%
2004 1.04 billion tonnes +5.9%
2005 1.10 billion tonnes +5.9%
2006 1.17 billion tonnes +6.2%
2007 1.29 billion tonnes +10.1%
2008 1.37 billion tonnes +6.3%
2009 1.52 billion tonnes +10.8%
2010 1.57 billion tonnes +3.2%
2011 1.62 billion tonnes +3.4%
2012 1.78 billion tonnes +9.7%
2013 1.64 billion tonnes -8.1%
2014 1.81 billion tonnes +10.6%
2015 1.96 billion tonnes +8.3%
2016 2.00 billion tonnes +2.1%
2017 2.11 billion tonnes +5.5%
2018 2.24 billion tonnes +6.0%
2019 2.27 billion tonnes +1.3%
2020 2.09 billion tonnes -8.0%
2021 2.25 billion tonnes +8.0%
2022 2.34 billion tonnes +3.9%
2023 2.54 billion tonnes +8.7%

India compared with similar countries

  • India's 2.54 billion tonnes is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 22.41 million tonnes, 113.5× the median. (28 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 723.84 million tonnes 583.35 million tonnes 922.02 million tonnes 10
2000s 1.13 billion tonnes 914.37 million tonnes 1.52 billion tonnes 10
2010s 1.90 billion tonnes 1.57 billion tonnes 2.27 billion tonnes 10
2020s 2.31 billion tonnes 2.09 billion tonnes 2.54 billion tonnes 4

Countries ranked near India

  1. 1 China 10.86 billion tonnes compare
  2. 2 United States 5.43 billion tonnes compare
  3. 4 Russia 1.41 billion tonnes compare
  4. 5 Japan 1.14 billion tonnes compare
  5. 6 Germany 768.48 million tonnes compare

See the full ranking of 121 places →

More climate change data for India

All data for India →

Frequently asked questions

What is consumption-based co₂ emissions in India?
Consumption-based co₂ emissions in India was 2.54 billion tonnes in 2023, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
What is the highest consumption-based co₂ emissions recorded in India?
The highest recorded value was 2.54 billion tonnes in 2023.
What is the lowest consumption-based co₂ emissions recorded in India?
The lowest recorded value was 583.35 million tonnes in 1990.
How does India rank for consumption-based co₂ emissions?
India ranks 3rd out of 120 countries with data for 2023.
Is consumption-based co₂ emissions rising or falling in India?
Over the last ten years it is up 55.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this India data come from?
The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Consumption-based CO₂ emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Consumption-based CO₂ emissions in India. Statizoid, drawing on Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 September 2026, from https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/consumption-co2-emissions/india/

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About this data

Indicator
Consumption-based CO₂ emissions
Unit
tonnes
Source
Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
121 places, 4,098 data points, 1990–2023
Last refreshed

Annual consumption-based emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), measured in tonnes.