Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia
Indonesia: Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change was 78.57 billion tonnes in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
78.57 billion tonnes
Change on year
up 0.7%
World rank
5th
of 197 countries
All-time high
78.57 billion tonnes
in 2024
All-time low
99.48 million tonnes
in 1850
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia, 1850–2024
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes.
Analysis
The most recent figure for cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia is 78.57 billion tonnes, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 175 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.7% on the previous year and up 12.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia peaked at 78.57 billion tonnes in 2024 and was at its lowest, 99.48 million tonnes, in 1850.
Indonesia ranks 5th of 197 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia, year by year
| Year | tonnes | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 99.48 million tonnes | — |
| 1851 | 260.16 million tonnes | +161.5% |
| 1852 | 465.82 million tonnes | +79.1% |
| 1853 | 683.14 million tonnes | +46.7% |
| 1854 | 907.60 million tonnes | +32.9% |
| 1855 | 1.17 billion tonnes | +28.8% |
| 1856 | 1.42 billion tonnes | +21.3% |
| 1857 | 1.67 billion tonnes | +18.0% |
| 1858 | 1.94 billion tonnes | +15.9% |
| 1859 | 2.22 billion tonnes | +14.3% |
| 1860 | 2.48 billion tonnes | +12.0% |
| 1861 | 2.76 billion tonnes | +11.1% |
| 1862 | 3.01 billion tonnes | +9.1% |
| 1863 | 3.26 billion tonnes | +8.3% |
| 1864 | 3.53 billion tonnes | +8.2% |
| 1865 | 3.79 billion tonnes | +7.6% |
| 1866 | 4.05 billion tonnes | +6.7% |
| 1867 | 4.31 billion tonnes | +6.3% |
| 1868 | 4.57 billion tonnes | +6.1% |
| 1869 | 4.83 billion tonnes | +5.8% |
| 1870 | 5.09 billion tonnes | +5.3% |
| 1871 | 5.32 billion tonnes | +4.6% |
| 1872 | 5.56 billion tonnes | +4.5% |
| 1873 | 5.80 billion tonnes | +4.2% |
| 1874 | 6.03 billion tonnes | +4.0% |
| 1875 | 6.27 billion tonnes | +4.0% |
| 1876 | 6.50 billion tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1877 | 6.73 billion tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1878 | 6.97 billion tonnes | +3.5% |
| 1879 | 7.20 billion tonnes | +3.4% |
| 1880 | 7.43 billion tonnes | +3.1% |
| 1881 | 7.64 billion tonnes | +2.8% |
| 1882 | 7.84 billion tonnes | +2.7% |
| 1883 | 8.05 billion tonnes | +2.7% |
| 1884 | 8.25 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1885 | 8.46 billion tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1886 | 8.65 billion tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1887 | 8.85 billion tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1888 | 9.06 billion tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1889 | 9.26 billion tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1890 | 9.49 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1891 | 9.72 billion tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1892 | 9.98 billion tonnes | +2.6% |
| 1893 | 10.21 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1894 | 10.47 billion tonnes | +2.5% |
| 1895 | 10.72 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1896 | 10.97 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1897 | 11.23 billion tonnes | +2.4% |
| 1898 | 11.49 billion tonnes | +2.3% |
| 1899 | 11.74 billion tonnes | +2.2% |
| 1900 | 11.99 billion tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1901 | 12.24 billion tonnes | +2.1% |
| 1902 | 12.48 billion tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1903 | 12.73 billion tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1904 | 12.97 billion tonnes | +1.9% |
| 1905 | 13.21 billion tonnes | +1.8% |
| 1906 | 13.45 billion tonnes | +1.8% |
| 1907 | 13.69 billion tonnes | +1.8% |
| 1908 | 13.93 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1909 | 14.17 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1910 | 14.41 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1911 | 14.66 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1912 | 14.89 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1913 | 15.13 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1914 | 15.37 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1915 | 15.61 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1916 | 15.86 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1917 | 16.09 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1918 | 16.32 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1919 | 16.56 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1920 | 16.79 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1921 | 17.02 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1922 | 17.25 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1923 | 17.49 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1924 | 17.73 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1925 | 17.97 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1926 | 18.22 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1927 | 18.46 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1928 | 18.72 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1929 | 18.98 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1930 | 19.23 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1931 | 19.50 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1932 | 19.78 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1933 | 20.06 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1934 | 20.34 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1935 | 20.62 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1936 | 20.91 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1937 | 21.20 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1938 | 21.50 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1939 | 21.80 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1940 | 22.10 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1941 | 22.41 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1942 | 22.72 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1943 | 23.04 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1944 | 23.36 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1945 | 23.69 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1946 | 24.03 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1947 | 24.37 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1948 | 24.72 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1949 | 25.06 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1950 | 25.40 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1951 | 25.76 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1952 | 26.12 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1953 | 26.48 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1954 | 26.86 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1955 | 27.25 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1956 | 27.64 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1957 | 28.05 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1958 | 28.47 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1959 | 28.90 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1960 | 29.28 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1961 | 29.73 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1962 | 30.22 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1963 | 30.69 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1964 | 31.20 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1965 | 31.69 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1966 | 32.14 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1967 | 32.68 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1968 | 33.25 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 1969 | 33.74 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1970 | 34.27 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1971 | 34.83 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1972 | 35.37 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1973 | 35.90 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1974 | 36.47 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 1975 | 36.96 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1976 | 37.44 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1977 | 37.94 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1978 | 38.51 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1979 | 39.09 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1980 | 39.66 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1981 | 40.24 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1982 | 40.77 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1983 | 41.33 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1984 | 42.52 billion tonnes | +2.9% |
| 1985 | 43.95 billion tonnes | +3.4% |
| 1986 | 45.54 billion tonnes | +3.6% |
| 1987 | 46.81 billion tonnes | +2.8% |
| 1988 | 47.74 billion tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1989 | 48.72 billion tonnes | +2.0% |
| 1990 | 49.29 billion tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1991 | 49.79 billion tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1992 | 50.47 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 1993 | 50.99 billion tonnes | +1.0% |
| 1994 | 51.78 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 1995 | 52.46 billion tonnes | +1.3% |
| 1996 | 53.05 billion tonnes | +1.1% |
| 1997 | 55.43 billion tonnes | +4.5% |
| 1998 | 56.12 billion tonnes | +1.2% |
| 1999 | 56.78 billion tonnes | +1.2% |
| 2000 | 57.44 billion tonnes | +1.1% |
| 2001 | 57.95 billion tonnes | +0.9% |
| 2002 | 58.80 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 2003 | 59.29 billion tonnes | +0.8% |
| 2004 | 59.92 billion tonnes | +1.1% |
| 2005 | 60.46 billion tonnes | +0.9% |
| 2006 | 61.67 billion tonnes | +2.0% |
| 2007 | 62.38 billion tonnes | +1.1% |
| 2008 | 63.25 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 2009 | 64.44 billion tonnes | +1.9% |
| 2010 | 65.41 billion tonnes | +1.5% |
| 2011 | 66.45 billion tonnes | +1.6% |
| 2012 | 67.58 billion tonnes | +1.7% |
| 2013 | 68.82 billion tonnes | +1.8% |
| 2014 | 70.16 billion tonnes | +1.9% |
| 2015 | 71.95 billion tonnes | +2.6% |
| 2016 | 72.83 billion tonnes | +1.2% |
| 2017 | 73.61 billion tonnes | +1.1% |
| 2018 | 74.40 billion tonnes | +1.1% |
| 2019 | 75.42 billion tonnes | +1.4% |
| 2020 | 76.09 billion tonnes | +0.9% |
| 2021 | 76.78 billion tonnes | +0.9% |
| 2022 | 77.33 billion tonnes | +0.7% |
| 2023 | 78.00 billion tonnes | +0.9% |
| 2024 | 78.57 billion tonnes | +0.7% |
Indonesia compared with similar countries
- Indonesia's 78.57 billion tonnes is above the median for upper middle income countries, which is 629.27 million tonnes, 124.9× the median. (58 countries reporting)
- Indonesia's 78.57 billion tonnes is above the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is 1.03 billion tonnes, 76.3× the median. (30 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1851 | +161.5% | 99.48 million tonnes | 260.16 million tonnes |
| 1852 | +79.1% | 260.16 million tonnes | 465.82 million tonnes |
| 1853 | +46.7% | 465.82 million tonnes | 683.14 million tonnes |
| 1854 | +32.9% | 683.14 million tonnes | 907.60 million tonnes |
| 1855 | +28.8% | 907.60 million tonnes | 1.17 billion tonnes |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 1.08 billion tonnes | 99.48 million tonnes | 2.22 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1860s | 3.66 billion tonnes | 2.48 billion tonnes | 4.83 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1870s | 6.15 billion tonnes | 5.09 billion tonnes | 7.20 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1880s | 8.35 billion tonnes | 7.43 billion tonnes | 9.26 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1890s | 10.60 billion tonnes | 9.49 billion tonnes | 11.74 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1900s | 13.08 billion tonnes | 11.99 billion tonnes | 14.17 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1910s | 15.49 billion tonnes | 14.41 billion tonnes | 16.56 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1920s | 17.86 billion tonnes | 16.79 billion tonnes | 18.98 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1930s | 20.49 billion tonnes | 19.23 billion tonnes | 21.80 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1940s | 23.55 billion tonnes | 22.10 billion tonnes | 25.06 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1950s | 27.10 billion tonnes | 25.40 billion tonnes | 28.90 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1960s | 31.46 billion tonnes | 29.28 billion tonnes | 33.74 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1970s | 36.68 billion tonnes | 34.27 billion tonnes | 39.09 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1980s | 43.73 billion tonnes | 39.66 billion tonnes | 48.72 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 1990s | 52.62 billion tonnes | 49.29 billion tonnes | 56.78 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2000s | 60.56 billion tonnes | 57.44 billion tonnes | 64.44 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2010s | 70.66 billion tonnes | 65.41 billion tonnes | 75.42 billion tonnes | 10 |
| 2020s | 77.35 billion tonnes | 76.09 billion tonnes | 78.57 billion tonnes | 5 |
Countries ranked near Indonesia
More climate change data for Indonesia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 3.73 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 60,521 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 23,775 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 36,746 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 89.72 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 1,312 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 101,360 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 26,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 75,346 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 98.17 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia?
- Cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change in Indonesia was 78.57 billion tonnes in 2024, according to Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in Indonesia?
- The highest recorded value was 78.57 billion tonnes in 2024.
- What is the lowest cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change recorded in Indonesia?
- The lowest recorded value was 99.48 million tonnes in 1850.
- How does Indonesia rank for cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change?
- Indonesia ranks 5th out of 197 countries with data for 2024.
- Is cumulative co₂ emissions from land-use change rising or falling in Indonesia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 12.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Indonesia data come from?
- The figures come from Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change since the first year of available data, measured in tonnes.