Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change by country
Cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change since the first year of available data, measured in tonnes.
Countries reporting
193
Highest
125.85 billion tonnes
United States
Lowest
-3.92 billion tonnes
France
Median
768.55 million tonnes
Years covered
175
1850–2024
Data points
34,475
What the numbers show
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change is currently reported for 193 countries. The highest value is 125.85 billion tonnes in United States; the lowest is -3.92 billion tonnes in France.
The median across all reporting countries is 768.55 million tonnes, and the mean is 5.48 billion tonnes.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 32.
Over the past decade 133 countries rose and 51 fell. The largest increase was in Palestine (up 1,145.3%), and the largest decrease in Grenada (down 142.4%).
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 125.85 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 2 | Brazil | 121.45 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 12.9% | volatile |
| 3 | Russia | 107.70 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 4 | China | 81.69 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 2.7% | volatile |
| 5 | Indonesia | 78.57 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 12.0% | volatile |
| 6 | India | 42.04 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.2% | volatile |
| 7 | Canada | 40.40 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 8 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 27.18 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 31.8% | volatile |
| 9 | Thailand | 21.76 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.6% | volatile |
| 10 | Colombia | 20.74 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.7% | volatile |
| 11 | Myanmar | 16.47 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 5.8% | volatile |
| 12 | Cote d'Ivoire | 14.86 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 20.5% | volatile |
| 13 | Philippines | 14.65 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 14 | Mexico | 14.11 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Australia | 13.97 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Malaysia | 13.95 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 7.0% | volatile |
| 17 | Argentina | 13.94 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 10.3% | volatile |
| 18 | Ukraine | 13.44 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.6% | volatile |
| 19 | Nigeria | 12.53 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 3.0% | volatile |
| 20 | Vietnam | 10.58 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 15.5% | volatile |
| 21 | Ethiopia | 8.90 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 33.3% | volatile |
| 22 | Bolivia | 8.38 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 11.3% | volatile |
| 23 | Tanzania | 8.18 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 12.4% | volatile |
| 24 | Angola | 7.42 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 25 | South Africa | 7.22 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 26 | Turkey | 6.86 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 1.2% | volatile |
| 27 | Madagascar | 6.79 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 5.1% | volatile |
| 28 | Venezuela | 6.47 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.7% | volatile |
| 29 | Zambia | 6.41 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 12.9% | volatile |
| 30 | Peru | 5.87 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.4% | volatile |
| 31 | Guinea | 5.74 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 11.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Japan | 5.54 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Belarus | 5.12 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.0% | volatile |
| 34 | Cambodia | 5.11 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 35 | Ecuador | 4.80 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.3% | volatile |
| 36 | Chile | 4.49 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 6.1% | volatile |
| 37 | Mozambique | 4.41 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Nicaragua | 4.41 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.6% | volatile |
| 39 | Guatemala | 4.16 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 8.0% | volatile |
| 40 | Kazakhstan | 4.16 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 2.3% | volatile |
| 41 | Cuba | 4.00 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 0.2% | volatile |
| 42 | Paraguay | 3.90 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 6.6% | volatile |
| 43 | Ghana | 3.83 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.4% | volatile |
| 44 | Bangladesh | 3.66 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Finland | 3.62 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 8.6% | volatile |
| 46 | Cameroon | 3.46 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 8.8% | volatile |
| 47 | Honduras | 3.39 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 48 | Kenya | 3.36 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 8.0% | volatile |
| 49 | Laos | 3.31 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 10.4% | volatile |
| 50 | United Kingdom | 3.28 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.9% | volatile |
| 51 | Romania | 3.18 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 52 | New Zealand | 3.12 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 5.9% | volatile |
| 53 | Uganda | 2.96 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.1% | volatile |
| 54 | Congo | 2.89 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 6.7% | volatile |
| 55 | Sri Lanka | 2.82 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.6% | volatile |
| 56 | Pakistan | 2.82 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 57 | Papua New Guinea | 2.78 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 15.0% | volatile |
| 58 | Sudan | 2.51 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 7.6% | volatile |
| 59 | Mongolia | 2.43 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 60 | Sweden | 2.42 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 3.2% | rising |
| 61 | Iran | 2.41 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 3.1% | volatile |
| 62 | Sierra Leone | 2.35 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 63 | Panama | 2.33 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.5% | volatile |
| 64 | Costa Rica | 2.26 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.4% | volatile |
| 65 | Nepal | 2.24 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 4.3% | volatile |
| 66 | Zimbabwe | 2.18 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 67 | South Sudan | 2.14 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 10.3% | volatile |
| 68 | Spain | 2.03 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 7.3% | volatile |
| 69 | Mali | 2.01 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 21.2% | volatile |
| 70 | Liberia | 1.99 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 14.7% | volatile |
| 71 | Morocco | 1.89 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.4% | volatile |
| 72 | Niger | 1.87 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 9.7% | volatile |
| 73 | North Korea | 1.68 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 6.9% | volatile |
| 74 | Dominican Republic | 1.63 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.0% | volatile |
| 75 | Benin | 1.60 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 31.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Burkina Faso | 1.53 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 23.5% | volatile |
| 77 | Togo | 1.53 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Lithuania | 1.39 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 79 | Denmark | 1.38 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 80 | Greece | 1.37 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 12.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Algeria | 1.31 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 2.2% | volatile |
| 82 | Malawi | 1.24 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Chad | 1.23 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 84 | Somalia | 1.19 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 24.8% | volatile |
| 85 | Serbia | 1.17 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 14.5% | rising |
| 86 | Bulgaria | 1.15 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 5.5% | volatile |
| 87 | Bhutan | 1.13 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 8.2% | volatile |
| 88 | Gabon | 1.09 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 8.2% | volatile |
| 89 | Netherlands | 1.08 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 90 | Norway | 1.05 billion tonnes | 2024 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 91 | Croatia | 946.26 million tonnes | 2024 | down 2.6% | volatile |
| 92 | Latvia | 924.19 million tonnes | 2024 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 93 | Central African Republic | 896.62 million tonnes | 2024 | up 56.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Guyana | 868.01 million tonnes | 2024 | up 3.9% | volatile |
| 95 | Afghanistan | 862.50 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Senegal | 811.34 million tonnes | 2024 | up 8.2% | volatile |
| 97 | Haiti | 768.55 million tonnes | 2024 | down 1.8% | volatile |
| 98 | El Salvador | 658.96 million tonnes | 2024 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 99 | Iraq | 644.60 million tonnes | 2024 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 100 | Azerbaijan | 613.94 million tonnes | 2024 | up 7.8% | volatile |
| 101 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 593.99 million tonnes | 2024 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 102 | Hungary | 591.70 million tonnes | 2024 | down 12.8% | rising |
| 103 | Uruguay | 566.45 million tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 104 | Tunisia | 555.23 million tonnes | 2024 | up 0.4% | volatile |
| 105 | Slovakia | 547.07 million tonnes | 2024 | up 8.2% | volatile |
| 106 | Rwanda | 540.21 million tonnes | 2024 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 107 | Burundi | 528.32 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 108 | North Macedonia | 497.07 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1.3% | volatile |
| 109 | Syria | 491.37 million tonnes | 2024 | down 5.8% | volatile |
| 110 | Portugal | 487.84 million tonnes | 2024 | up 4.1% | volatile |
| 111 | Belize | 461.28 million tonnes | 2024 | up 16.5% | volatile |
| 112 | Poland | 435.76 million tonnes | 2024 | down 42.4% | rising |
| 113 | Belgium | 415.99 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 114 | Italy | 410.49 million tonnes | 2024 | down 32.3% | volatile |
| 115 | Uzbekistan | 398.10 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.2% | volatile |
| 116 | Slovenia | 394.01 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.0% | volatile |
| 117 | Albania | 393.31 million tonnes | 2024 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 118 | East Timor | 383.76 million tonnes | 2024 | up 11.5% | volatile |
| 119 | Egypt | 377.65 million tonnes | 2024 | up 6.8% | volatile |
| 120 | Kyrgyzstan | 371.81 million tonnes | 2024 | down 0.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Jamaica | 363.32 million tonnes | 2024 | down 0.3% | volatile |
| 122 | South Korea | 362.63 million tonnes | 2024 | down 10.4% | volatile |
| 123 | Namibia | 359.14 million tonnes | 2024 | up 15.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Guinea-Bissau | 314.21 million tonnes | 2024 | up 13.0% | volatile |
| 125 | Eswatini | 297.29 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 126 | Botswana | 286.35 million tonnes | 2024 | down 1.2% | volatile |
| 127 | Switzerland | 284.29 million tonnes | 2024 | down 0.5% | rising |
| 128 | Eritrea | 258.77 million tonnes | 2024 | up 39.9% | volatile |
| 129 | Austria | 248.21 million tonnes | 2024 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 130 | Lesotho | 233.61 million tonnes | 2024 | up 47.0% | volatile |
| 132 | Estonia | 216.48 million tonnes | 2024 | down 4.0% | rising |
| 133 | Solomon Islands | 215.49 million tonnes | 2024 | up 41.3% | volatile |
| 134 | Iceland | 204.04 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1.7% | volatile |
| 135 | Montenegro | 195.06 million tonnes | 2024 | down 12.5% | volatile |
| 136 | Turkmenistan | 183.97 million tonnes | 2024 | up 0.9% | volatile |
| 137 | Vanuatu | 170.38 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.8% | volatile |
| 138 | Suriname | 166.59 million tonnes | 2024 | up 8.0% | volatile |
| 139 | Saudi Arabia | 155.60 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 140 | Tajikistan | 126.13 million tonnes | 2024 | up 9.5% | volatile |
| 141 | Libya | 114.52 million tonnes | 2024 | down 2.7% | volatile |
| 142 | Armenia | 111.63 million tonnes | 2024 | up 2.5% | volatile |
| 143 | Brunei | 106.10 million tonnes | 2024 | up 10.0% | volatile |
| 144 | Moldova | 98.64 million tonnes | 2024 | down 26.6% | rising |
| 145 | Gambia | 91.60 million tonnes | 2024 | up 4.6% | volatile |
| 146 | Jordan | 84.69 million tonnes | 2024 | up 11.8% | volatile |
| 147 | Fiji | 78.09 million tonnes | 2024 | down 4.3% | volatile |
| 148 | Trinidad and Tobago | 64.88 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 149 | Cyprus | 61.16 million tonnes | 2024 | down 9.3% | volatile |
| 150 | Mauritania | 57.75 million tonnes | 2024 | up 5.3% | volatile |
| 151 | Israel | 41.25 million tonnes | 2024 | up 24.8% | volatile |
| 152 | Singapore | 21.17 million tonnes | 2024 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 153 | Lebanon | 18.59 million tonnes | 2024 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 154 | Samoa | 14.28 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 155 | Comoros | 13.19 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 156 | Germany | 11.34 million tonnes | 2024 | down 77.7% | volatile |
| 157 | Djibouti | 7.59 million tonnes | 2024 | up 14.5% | volatile |
| 158 | Cape Verde | 7.44 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 159 | Bahamas | 6.91 million tonnes | 2024 | down 3.2% | volatile |
| 161 | Sao Tome and Principe | 4.28 million tonnes | 2024 | up 66.4% | volatile |
| 162 | Tonga | 3.71 million tonnes | 2024 | up 10.5% | volatile |
| 163 | Barbados | 3.41 million tonnes | 2024 | down 23.2% | rising |
| 164 | Dominica | 2.34 million tonnes | 2024 | down 32.7% | volatile |
| 165 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1.83 million tonnes | 2024 | down 24.7% | volatile |
| 166 | Qatar | 1.50 million tonnes | 2024 | up 22.0% | volatile |
| 167 | Palestine | 1.42 million tonnes | 2024 | up 1,145.3% | volatile |
| 168 | United Arab Emirates | 1.24 million tonnes | 2024 | down 18.1% | volatile |
| 169 | Andorra | 994,116 tonnes | 2024 | down 4.5% | volatile |
| 170 | Saint Lucia | 691,470 tonnes | 2024 | down 60.5% | volatile |
| 171 | Mauritius | 290,922 tonnes | 2024 | up 168.1% | volatile |
| 172 | San Marino | 128,533 tonnes | 2024 | down 36.9% | volatile |
| 173 | Bahrain | 9,746 tonnes | 2024 | up 3.9% | volatile |
| 174 | Maldives | 8,830 tonnes | 2024 | up 4.3% | volatile |
| 175 | Monaco | 8,281 tonnes | 2024 | up 18.3% | volatile |
| 176 | Micronesia (country) | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Kiribati | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Marshall Islands | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Nauru | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Palau | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Seychelles | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Tuvalu | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Cook Islands | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 176 | Niue | 0 tonnes | 2024 | — | flat |
| 185 | Vatican | -1,979 tonnes | 2024 | down 10.2% | volatile |
| 187 | Kuwait | -1.47 million tonnes | 2024 | up 7.2% | volatile |
| 188 | Grenada | -1.85 million tonnes | 2024 | down 142.4% | volatile |
| 189 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -1.91 million tonnes | 2024 | down 52.8% | volatile |
| 190 | Oman | -2.66 million tonnes | 2024 | up 54.3% | volatile |
| 192 | Antigua and Barbuda | -11.52 million tonnes | 2024 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 193 | Yemen | -16.93 million tonnes | 2024 | down 4.7% | volatile |
| 194 | Equatorial Guinea | -96.95 million tonnes | 2024 | up 13.5% | volatile |
| 195 | Czechia | -220.63 million tonnes | 2024 | down 31.7% | volatile |
| 196 | Georgia | -377.30 million tonnes | 2024 | down 29.8% | volatile |
| 197 | France | -3.92 billion tonnes | 2024 | down 1.2% | volatile |
About this data
Cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from land-use change since the first year of available data, measured in tonnes.