Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity in Australia

Australia: Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity was 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour in 2023. ▼ Falling

Latest (2023)
495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour
Change on year
down 4.4%
World rank
4th
of 39 countries
All-time high
730.61 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour
in 1998
All-time low
495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour
in 2023
Years of data
34
1990–2023

Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity in Australia, 1990–2023

02004006008001990200620231990: 707.6 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1991: 710.3 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1992: 713.4 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1993: 708.8 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1994: 713.1 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1995: 712.8 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1996: 721.9 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1997: 722.2 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1998: 730.6 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour1999: 726 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2000: 727.6 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2001: 730.2 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2002: 712.3 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2003: 710.2 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2004: 712.1 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2005: 720.3 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2006: 719 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2007: 712.9 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2008: 713.4 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2009: 709.5 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2010: 694 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2011: 673.4 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2012: 675.3 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2013: 649 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2014: 634.1 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2015: 646.9 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2016: 642 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2017: 633.6 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2018: 619.1 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2019: 600.6 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2020: 575.1 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2021: 549.9 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2022: 517.8 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour2023: 495.2 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour.

Analysis

Australia recorded 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour for electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity in 2023. That is the lowest value across all 34 years on record.

That represents a change of down 4.4% on the previous year and down 23.7% over ten years.

Over the whole period, electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity in Australia peaked at 730.61 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour in 1998 and was at its lowest, 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour, in 2023.

That places Australia 4th out of 39 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the top 10%.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 34 years of available data.

Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity in Australia, year by year

Annual values for Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity generation in Australia, 1990 to 2023.
Year Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour Change
1990 707.55 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour
1991 710.31 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.4%
1992 713.38 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.4%
1993 708.85 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.6%
1994 713.08 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.6%
1995 712.78 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.0%
1996 721.87 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +1.3%
1997 722.19 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.0%
1998 730.61 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +1.2%
1999 725.99 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.6%
2000 727.63 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.2%
2001 730.22 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.4%
2002 712.27 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -2.5%
2003 710.25 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.3%
2004 712.1 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.3%
2005 720.32 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +1.2%
2006 719.02 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.2%
2007 712.89 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.9%
2008 713.42 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.1%
2009 709.51 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.5%
2010 694.02 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -2.2%
2011 673.35 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -3.0%
2012 675.27 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +0.3%
2013 649 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -3.9%
2014 634.05 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -2.3%
2015 646.91 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour +2.0%
2016 641.99 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -0.8%
2017 633.58 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -1.3%
2018 619.06 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -2.3%
2019 600.56 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -3.0%
2020 575.11 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -4.2%
2021 549.85 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -4.4%
2022 517.77 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -5.8%
2023 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour -4.4%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 716.66 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 707.55 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 730.61 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 10
2000s 716.76 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 709.51 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 730.22 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 10
2010s 646.78 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 600.56 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 694.02 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 10
2020s 534.49 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 575.11 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour 4

Countries ranked near Australia

  1. 1 Poland 583.59 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour compare
  2. 2 Estonia 530.03 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour compare
  3. 3 Israel 498.13 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour compare
  4. 5 Japan 460.56 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour compare
  5. 6 Malta 437.86 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour compare
  6. 7 Mexico 432.78 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour compare

See the full ranking of 42 places →

More climate change data for Australia

All data for Australia →

Frequently asked questions

What is electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity in Australia?
Electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity in Australia was 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
What is the highest electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity recorded in Australia?
The highest recorded value was 730.61 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour in 1998.
What is the lowest electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity recorded in Australia?
The lowest recorded value was 495.23 Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour in 2023.
How does Australia rank for electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity?
Australia ranks 4th out of 39 countries with data for 2023.
Is electricity generation - regions — carbon intensity of electricity rising or falling in Australia?
Over the last ten years it is down 23.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Australia data come from?
The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity generation. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity in Australia. Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 28 August 2026, from https://climate.statizoid.com/stat/electricity-generation-regions-carbon-intensity-of-electricity-generation/australia/

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About this data

Indicator
Electricity generation - Regions — Carbon intensity of electricity generation
Unit
Grammes of CO2-equivalent per kilowatt hour
Source
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence
OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
42 places, 1,424 data points, 1990–2023
Last refreshed

This dataset provides indicators on electricity generation by source of energy in large (TL2) and small (TL3) regions. Data definition and source The electricity generation mix is based on both official subnational statistics and on estimates (see the data sources). The estimates for areas with missing official data are based on the electricity generation mix at the national level (based on the issued from the International Energy Agency (IEA) database, the location of electricity generation assets using the Global Power Plant Database (GPPD, Global Energy Observatory et al., 2018) and the harmonised global dataset on wind and solar installations (Dunnett et al., 2020). Electricity generation is estimated by matching energy sources across datasets, calculating each power plant's share of national capacity, and distributing the official regional and national generation accordingly across the different subnational areas. The carbon intensity of electricity generation is defined as the amount of CO2 equivalent emissions produced per unit of electricity generated (gCO2eq/kWh). It is obtained by applying emission factors to the different energy sources. Definition of regions Regions are subnational units below national boundaries. OECD countries have two regional levels: large regions (territorial level 2 or TL2) and small regions (territorial level 3 or TL3). For more information, see the OECD Territorial grid (pdf) and the OECD Territorial Correspondence Table (xlsx). Cite this dataset OECD Regions, Cities and Local Areas database http://oe.cd/geostats. Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email RegionStat@oecd.org.