emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate was -1.56 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
United Kingdom recorded -1.56 % change on previous year for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in 2022.
That represents a change of down 214.8% on the previous year and up 24.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom peaked at 54.41 % change on previous year in 1923 and was at its lowest, -29.54 % change on previous year, in 1921.
That places United Kingdom 164th out of 219 countries with data for 2022, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 0.1878 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 0.1945 % change on previous year | +3.6% |
| 1753 | 0.1817 % change on previous year | -6.6% |
| 1754 | 0.1883 % change on previous year | +3.7% |
| 1755 | 0.1849 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1756 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +862.1% |
| 1757 | 0.176 % change on previous year | -90.1% |
| 1758 | 0.1726 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1759 | 0.17 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1760 | 0.1584 % change on previous year | -6.9% |
| 1761 | 2.49 % change on previous year | +1469.3% |
| 1762 | 0.1654 % change on previous year | -93.3% |
| 1763 | 0.1622 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1764 | 0.1597 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 1765 | 0.1565 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1766 | 3.13 % change on previous year | +1903.0% |
| 1767 | 0.1465 % change on previous year | -95.3% |
| 1768 | 0.1435 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1769 | 0.1404 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1770 | 0.1381 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1771 | 3.16 % change on previous year | +2190.7% |
| 1772 | 0.1364 % change on previous year | -95.7% |
| 1773 | 0.1335 % change on previous year | -2.1% |
| 1774 | 0.1313 % change on previous year | -1.7% |
| 1775 | 0.1284 % change on previous year | -2.2% |
| 1776 | 3.19 % change on previous year | +2388.3% |
| 1777 | 0.1189 % change on previous year | -96.3% |
| 1778 | 0.1162 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1779 | 0.1141 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1780 | 0.1185 % change on previous year | +3.9% |
| 1781 | 3.87 % change on previous year | +3162.2% |
| 1782 | 0.1096 % change on previous year | -97.2% |
| 1783 | 0.1151 % change on previous year | +5.1% |
| 1784 | 0.1055 % change on previous year | -8.3% |
| 1785 | 0.1098 % change on previous year | +4.1% |
| 1786 | 4.68 % change on previous year | +4165.5% |
| 1787 | 0.0994 % change on previous year | -97.9% |
| 1788 | 0.0902 % change on previous year | -9.2% |
| 1789 | 0.095 % change on previous year | +5.2% |
| 1790 | 0.0931 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 1791 | 4.37 % change on previous year | +4596.9% |
| 1792 | 0.092 % change on previous year | -97.9% |
| 1793 | 0.0896 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1794 | 0.0809 % change on previous year | -9.7% |
| 1795 | 0.0849 % change on previous year | +4.9% |
| 1796 | 1.84 % change on previous year | +2068.4% |
| 1797 | 2.09 % change on previous year | +13.4% |
| 1798 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -15.1% |
| 1799 | 2.27 % change on previous year | +28.0% |
| 1800 | 1.46 % change on previous year | -35.6% |
| 1801 | -0.0751 % change on previous year | -105.1% |
| 1802 | 0.0277 % change on previous year | -136.8% |
| 1803 | 5.34 % change on previous year | +19196.6% |
| 1804 | 0.0248 % change on previous year | -99.5% |
| 1805 | 1.59 % change on previous year | +6306.4% |
| 1806 | 2.58 % change on previous year | +62.3% |
| 1807 | -0.1764 % change on previous year | -106.8% |
| 1808 | -0.1719 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1809 | -0.1718 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1810 | -0.1725 % change on previous year | +0.5% |
| 1811 | 4.55 % change on previous year | -2738.3% |
| 1812 | 3.04 % change on previous year | -33.2% |
| 1813 | 1.62 % change on previous year | -46.6% |
| 1814 | 1.96 % change on previous year | +21.0% |
| 1815 | 2.09 % change on previous year | +6.2% |
| 1816 | 4.27 % change on previous year | +104.6% |
| 1817 | 1.5 % change on previous year | -64.9% |
| 1818 | 0.9778 % change on previous year | -34.7% |
| 1819 | 1.23 % change on previous year | +25.7% |
| 1820 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -14.3% |
| 1821 | 0.9228 % change on previous year | -12.4% |
| 1822 | 2.48 % change on previous year | +168.7% |
| 1823 | 3.24 % change on previous year | +30.7% |
| 1824 | 2.97 % change on previous year | -8.4% |
| 1825 | 0.9987 % change on previous year | -66.4% |
| 1826 | 1.03 % change on previous year | +3.3% |
| 1827 | 2.67 % change on previous year | +159.2% |
| 1828 | 0.7791 % change on previous year | -70.9% |
| 1829 | 1.17 % change on previous year | +50.7% |
| 1830 | 15.4 % change on previous year | +1211.1% |
| 1831 | -1.26 % change on previous year | -108.2% |
| 1832 | 0.4661 % change on previous year | -137.1% |
| 1833 | 0.5302 % change on previous year | +13.8% |
| 1834 | 0.6454 % change on previous year | +21.7% |
| 1835 | 0.3509 % change on previous year | -45.6% |
| 1836 | 10.51 % change on previous year | +2896.7% |
| 1837 | -1.62 % change on previous year | -115.5% |
| 1838 | 2.19 % change on previous year | -234.9% |
| 1839 | 2.08 % change on previous year | -5.1% |
| 1840 | 2.98 % change on previous year | +43.2% |
| 1841 | 0.6783 % change on previous year | -77.2% |
| 1842 | 2.67 % change on previous year | +293.9% |
| 1843 | 2.74 % change on previous year | +2.5% |
| 1844 | 3.13 % change on previous year | +14.3% |
| 1845 | 4.51 % change on previous year | +44.1% |
| 1846 | -2.85 % change on previous year | -163.1% |
| 1847 | 5.35 % change on previous year | -288.1% |
| 1848 | 3.71 % change on previous year | -30.7% |
| 1849 | 4.18 % change on previous year | +12.9% |
| 1850 | 4.19 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 1851 | -4.06 % change on previous year | -196.9% |
| 1852 | -0.601 % change on previous year | -85.2% |
| 1853 | -0.721 % change on previous year | +20.0% |
| 1854 | 13.88 % change on previous year | -2025.6% |
| 1855 | -4.96 % change on previous year | -135.7% |
| 1856 | 3.12 % change on previous year | -162.8% |
| 1857 | -3.65 % change on previous year | -217.0% |
| 1858 | -3.82 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1859 | 5.23 % change on previous year | -236.9% |
| 1860 | 5.97 % change on previous year | +14.1% |
| 1861 | 1.49 % change on previous year | -75.0% |
| 1862 | -4.04 % change on previous year | -370.6% |
| 1863 | 2.96 % change on previous year | -173.2% |
| 1864 | 3.89 % change on previous year | +31.4% |
| 1865 | 2.71 % change on previous year | -30.3% |
| 1866 | -1.02 % change on previous year | -137.8% |
| 1867 | -1.42 % change on previous year | +38.4% |
| 1868 | -4.99 % change on previous year | +252.3% |
| 1869 | -0.0182 % change on previous year | -99.6% |
| 1870 | -2.25 % change on previous year | +12253.2% |
| 1871 | 3.23 % change on previous year | -243.6% |
| 1872 | 2.76 % change on previous year | -14.8% |
| 1873 | 1.62 % change on previous year | -41.1% |
| 1874 | -3.6 % change on previous year | -321.8% |
| 1875 | 2.98 % change on previous year | -182.6% |
| 1876 | -0.4755 % change on previous year | -116.0% |
| 1877 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -336.4% |
| 1878 | -1.8 % change on previous year | -259.8% |
| 1879 | 0.1688 % change on previous year | -109.4% |
| 1880 | 6.96 % change on previous year | +4021.3% |
| 1881 | 4.23 % change on previous year | -39.1% |
| 1882 | 0.6729 % change on previous year | -84.1% |
| 1883 | 3.39 % change on previous year | +403.5% |
| 1884 | -2.28 % change on previous year | -167.4% |
| 1885 | -1.03 % change on previous year | -55.0% |
| 1886 | -1.66 % change on previous year | +61.1% |
| 1887 | 1.28 % change on previous year | -177.1% |
| 1888 | 2.49 % change on previous year | +95.0% |
| 1889 | 2.16 % change on previous year | -13.2% |
| 1890 | 1.11 % change on previous year | -48.5% |
| 1891 | 2.22 % change on previous year | +99.3% |
| 1892 | -1.46 % change on previous year | -165.7% |
| 1893 | -8.81 % change on previous year | +504.4% |
| 1894 | 13.02 % change on previous year | -247.7% |
| 1895 | 1.24 % change on previous year | -90.5% |
| 1896 | 1.58 % change on previous year | +27.3% |
| 1897 | 1.41 % change on previous year | -10.8% |
| 1898 | -0.709 % change on previous year | -150.2% |
| 1899 | 5.4 % change on previous year | -861.7% |
| 1900 | 0.1827 % change on previous year | -96.6% |
| 1901 | -0.8315 % change on previous year | -555.1% |
| 1902 | 4.64 % change on previous year | -658.4% |
| 1903 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -61.6% |
| 1904 | 1.46 % change on previous year | -17.8% |
| 1905 | 2.21 % change on previous year | +51.0% |
| 1906 | 3.37 % change on previous year | +52.3% |
| 1907 | 4.21 % change on previous year | +24.9% |
| 1908 | -2.15 % change on previous year | -151.0% |
| 1909 | 0.9542 % change on previous year | -144.5% |
| 1910 | 0.8624 % change on previous year | -9.6% |
| 1911 | 1.44 % change on previous year | +66.7% |
| 1912 | -5.72 % change on previous year | -497.7% |
| 1913 | -2.11 % change on previous year | -63.0% |
| 1914 | -2.72 % change on previous year | +28.6% |
| 1915 | 2.69 % change on previous year | -199.2% |
| 1916 | 3.51 % change on previous year | +30.3% |
| 1917 | -0.217 % change on previous year | -106.2% |
| 1918 | -6.26 % change on previous year | +2785.4% |
| 1919 | -4.16 % change on previous year | -33.6% |
| 1920 | 5.55 % change on previous year | -233.5% |
| 1921 | -29.54 % change on previous year | -632.1% |
| 1922 | 29.45 % change on previous year | -199.7% |
| 1923 | 54.41 % change on previous year | +84.8% |
| 1924 | 4.66 % change on previous year | -91.4% |
| 1925 | -3.78 % change on previous year | -181.0% |
| 1926 | -23.91 % change on previous year | +533.0% |
| 1927 | 36.53 % change on previous year | -252.8% |
| 1928 | -7.17 % change on previous year | -119.6% |
| 1929 | 4.17 % change on previous year | -158.2% |
| 1930 | -4.45 % change on previous year | -206.6% |
| 1931 | -5.49 % change on previous year | +23.4% |
| 1932 | -2.15 % change on previous year | -60.9% |
| 1933 | -0.6746 % change on previous year | -68.6% |
| 1934 | 5.05 % change on previous year | -848.6% |
| 1935 | 2.17 % change on previous year | -57.0% |
| 1936 | 4.01 % change on previous year | +84.6% |
| 1937 | 2.24 % change on previous year | -44.3% |
| 1938 | -5.24 % change on previous year | -334.6% |
| 1939 | 3.53 % change on previous year | -167.4% |
| 1940 | 1.83 % change on previous year | -48.2% |
| 1941 | 0.1343 % change on previous year | -92.7% |
| 1942 | -0.1215 % change on previous year | -190.5% |
| 1943 | -4.41 % change on previous year | +3529.7% |
| 1944 | -3.98 % change on previous year | -9.7% |
| 1945 | -4.46 % change on previous year | +12.1% |
| 1946 | 1.75 % change on previous year | -139.1% |
| 1947 | 0.2178 % change on previous year | -87.5% |
| 1948 | 5.36 % change on previous year | +2359.7% |
| 1949 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -79.7% |
| 1950 | 7.24 % change on previous year | +564.2% |
| 1951 | 3.31 % change on previous year | -54.3% |
| 1952 | -0.307 % change on previous year | -109.3% |
| 1953 | 0.0338 % change on previous year | -111.0% |
| 1954 | 2.75 % change on previous year | +8023.9% |
| 1955 | 0.6526 % change on previous year | -76.2% |
| 1956 | 0.5772 % change on previous year | -11.6% |
| 1957 | -2.37 % change on previous year | -509.8% |
| 1958 | -0.519 % change on previous year | -78.1% |
| 1959 | -2.3 % change on previous year | +342.5% |
| 1960 | 5 % change on previous year | -317.8% |
| 1961 | -4.31 % change on previous year | -186.2% |
| 1962 | 0.4868 % change on previous year | -111.3% |
| 1963 | -0.3594 % change on previous year | -173.8% |
| 1964 | -5.83 % change on previous year | +1522.0% |
| 1965 | -2.22 % change on previous year | -61.9% |
| 1966 | -9.63 % change on previous year | +333.4% |
| 1967 | -5.59 % change on previous year | -42.0% |
| 1968 | -0.4331 % change on previous year | -92.2% |
| 1969 | -1.2 % change on previous year | +176.8% |
| 1970 | -2.01 % change on previous year | +67.9% |
| 1971 | -5.57 % change on previous year | +176.8% |
| 1972 | -4.55 % change on previous year | -18.3% |
| 1973 | 0.8826 % change on previous year | -119.4% |
| 1974 | -4.82 % change on previous year | -646.2% |
| 1975 | -7.74 % change on previous year | +60.6% |
| 1976 | -1.4 % change on previous year | -82.0% |
| 1977 | 0.9227 % change on previous year | -166.1% |
| 1978 | -1.06 % change on previous year | -214.5% |
| 1979 | 0.9239 % change on previous year | -187.4% |
| 1980 | -5.38 % change on previous year | -682.3% |
| 1981 | -0.0749 % change on previous year | -98.6% |
| 1982 | 0.4576 % change on previous year | -711.1% |
| 1983 | -1.85 % change on previous year | -503.9% |
| 1984 | -1.79 % change on previous year | -3.0% |
| 1985 | 9.87 % change on previous year | -650.6% |
| 1986 | 2.58 % change on previous year | -73.9% |
| 1987 | 1.3 % change on previous year | -49.7% |
| 1988 | 0.4195 % change on previous year | -67.7% |
| 1989 | 2.95 % change on previous year | +603.6% |
| 1990 | -3.53 % change on previous year | -219.5% |
| 1991 | 1.67 % change on previous year | -147.5% |
| 1992 | -3.04 % change on previous year | -281.4% |
| 1993 | -1.83 % change on previous year | -39.6% |
| 1994 | -7.83 % change on previous year | +326.9% |
| 1995 | -8.15 % change on previous year | +4.0% |
| 1996 | 1.03 % change on previous year | -112.6% |
| 1997 | -6.43 % change on previous year | -725.3% |
| 1998 | -5.44 % change on previous year | -15.3% |
| 1999 | -6.68 % change on previous year | +22.7% |
| 2000 | -9.62 % change on previous year | +44.0% |
| 2001 | -8.13 % change on previous year | -15.5% |
| 2002 | -11.7 % change on previous year | +44.0% |
| 2003 | -9.32 % change on previous year | -20.4% |
| 2004 | -6.56 % change on previous year | -29.6% |
| 2005 | -5.87 % change on previous year | -10.5% |
| 2006 | -6.08 % change on previous year | +3.5% |
| 2007 | -1.76 % change on previous year | -71.0% |
| 2008 | -16.48 % change on previous year | +834.4% |
| 2009 | -20.47 % change on previous year | +24.2% |
| 2010 | -5.84 % change on previous year | -71.5% |
| 2011 | -7.61 % change on previous year | +30.3% |
| 2012 | -2.05 % change on previous year | -73.0% |
| 2013 | -2.73 % change on previous year | +32.9% |
| 2014 | -4.9 % change on previous year | +79.5% |
| 2015 | -4.1 % change on previous year | -16.5% |
| 2016 | -10.7 % change on previous year | +161.3% |
| 2017 | 1.88 % change on previous year | -117.5% |
| 2018 | -0.4157 % change on previous year | -122.1% |
| 2019 | -6.34 % change on previous year | +1424.4% |
| 2020 | -6.62 % change on previous year | +4.5% |
| 2021 | 1.36 % change on previous year | -120.5% |
| 2022 | -1.56 % change on previous year | -214.8% |
United Kingdom compared with similar countries
- United Kingdom's -1.56 % change on previous year is below the median for high income countries, which is -0.2183 % change on previous year, 7.2× the median. (78 countries reporting)
- United Kingdom's -1.56 % change on previous year is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -1.53 % change on previous year, 1.0× the median. (52 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1803 | +19196.6% | 0.0277 % change on previous year | 5.34 % change on previous year |
| 1870 | -12253.2% | -0.0182 % change on previous year | -2.25 % change on previous year |
| 1954 | +8023.9% | 0.0338 % change on previous year | 2.75 % change on previous year |
| 1805 | +6306.4% | 0.0248 % change on previous year | 1.59 % change on previous year |
| 1791 | +4596.9% | 0.0931 % change on previous year | 4.37 % change on previous year |
| 1786 | +4165.5% | 0.1098 % change on previous year | 4.68 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 0.3594 % change on previous year | 0.17 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 0.6852 % change on previous year | 0.1404 % change on previous year | 3.13 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 0.7374 % change on previous year | 0.1141 % change on previous year | 3.19 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 0.9394 % change on previous year | 0.0902 % change on previous year | 4.68 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 1.28 % change on previous year | 0.0809 % change on previous year | 4.37 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 1.04 % change on previous year | -0.1764 % change on previous year | 5.34 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 2.11 % change on previous year | -0.1725 % change on previous year | 4.55 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 1.73 % change on previous year | 0.7791 % change on previous year | 3.24 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 2.93 % change on previous year | -1.62 % change on previous year | 15.4 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 2.71 % change on previous year | -2.85 % change on previous year | 5.35 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 0.8609 % change on previous year | -4.96 % change on previous year | 13.88 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 0.5527 % change on previous year | -4.99 % change on previous year | 5.97 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 0.3756 % change on previous year | -3.6 % change on previous year | 3.23 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 1.62 % change on previous year | -2.28 % change on previous year | 6.96 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 1.5 % change on previous year | -8.81 % change on previous year | 13.02 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 1.58 % change on previous year | -2.15 % change on previous year | 4.64 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | -1.27 % change on previous year | -6.26 % change on previous year | 3.51 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 7.04 % change on previous year | -29.54 % change on previous year | 54.41 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | -0.1 % change on previous year | -5.49 % change on previous year | 5.05 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | -0.2601 % change on previous year | -4.46 % change on previous year | 5.36 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | 0.9066 % change on previous year | -2.37 % change on previous year | 7.24 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | -2.41 % change on previous year | -9.63 % change on previous year | 5 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | -2.44 % change on previous year | -7.74 % change on previous year | 0.9239 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.848 % change on previous year | -5.38 % change on previous year | 9.87 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | -4.02 % change on previous year | -8.15 % change on previous year | 1.67 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | -9.6 % change on previous year | -20.47 % change on previous year | -1.76 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | -4.28 % change on previous year | -10.7 % change on previous year | 1.88 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.28 % change on previous year | -6.62 % change on previous year | 1.36 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
- 161 Japan -1.39 % change on previous year compare
- 162 Portugal -1.44 % change on previous year compare
- 163 Norway -1.49 % change on previous year compare
- 165 Russia -1.62 % change on previous year compare
- 166 Fiji -1.64 % change on previous year compare
- 167 Malaysia -1.64 % change on previous year compare
More climate change data for United Kingdom
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 37,706 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 8,697 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 29,008 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 32.82 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 1,036 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 7,083 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 7,027 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 55.89 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 26.52 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 2 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom?
- Emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate in United Kingdom was -1.56 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 54.41 % change on previous year in 1923.
- What is the lowest emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was -29.54 % change on previous year in 1921.
- How does United Kingdom rank for emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate?
- United Kingdom ranks 164th out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 24.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of emissions of air pollutants, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 272 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- emissions of air pollutants Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in emissions of air pollutants. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.