Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India
India: Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry was 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Change on year
up 4.1%
World rank
3rd
of 198 countries
All-time high
3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 2024
All-time low
45.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1850
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India, 1850–2024
Source: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Analysis
The most recent figure for total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India is 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 175 years on record.
That represents a change of up 4.1% on the previous year and up 45.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India peaked at 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024 and was at its lowest, 45.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, in 1850.
That places India 3rd out of 198 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India, year by year
| Year | tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 45.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | — |
| 1851 | 45.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1852 | 45.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1853 | 46.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1854 | 46.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1855 | 46.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1856 | 46.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1857 | 46.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1858 | 47.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1859 | 48.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1860 | 48.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1861 | 48.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1862 | 48.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1863 | 49.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1864 | 49.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1865 | 49.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1866 | 49.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1867 | 49.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.1% |
| 1868 | 49.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1869 | 49.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1870 | 50.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1871 | 50.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1872 | 51.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1873 | 51.23 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1874 | 51.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1875 | 51.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1876 | 51.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1877 | 51.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1878 | 54.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.3% |
| 1879 | 54.11 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1880 | 54.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1881 | 54.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1882 | 55.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1883 | 56.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1884 | 57.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1885 | 57.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1886 | 58.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1887 | 58.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1888 | 59.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1889 | 60.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 1890 | 62.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1891 | 62.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1892 | 63.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1893 | 63.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1894 | 63.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1895 | 65.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.8% |
| 1896 | 66.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1897 | 67.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1898 | 68.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1899 | 69.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1900 | 72.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 1901 | 73.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1902 | 75.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1903 | 75.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1904 | 77.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.7% |
| 1905 | 78.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1906 | 81.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 1907 | 84.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1908 | 87.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.4% |
| 1909 | 86.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.1% |
| 1910 | 86.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1911 | 87.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1912 | 92.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.2% |
| 1913 | 96.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.9% |
| 1914 | 96.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1915 | 98.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 1916 | 98.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1917 | 100.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1918 | 106.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.3% |
| 1919 | 110.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
| 1920 | 100.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.6% |
| 1921 | 104.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1922 | 104.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1923 | 106.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1924 | 109.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1925 | 109.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1926 | 110.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1927 | 113.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1928 | 112.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1929 | 114.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1930 | 115.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1931 | 112.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.9% |
| 1932 | 110.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.1% |
| 1933 | 110.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1934 | 115.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.2% |
| 1935 | 118.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1936 | 118.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1937 | 125.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.1% |
| 1938 | 132.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.8% |
| 1939 | 131.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.3% |
| 1940 | 136.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1941 | 138.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1942 | 139.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1943 | 132.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.2% |
| 1944 | 134.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1945 | 140.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1946 | 140.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1947 | 135.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.2% |
| 1948 | 135.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1949 | 139.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.8% |
| 1950 | 144.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1951 | 148.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1952 | 152.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1953 | 155.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1954 | 160.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1955 | 167.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.9% |
| 1956 | 172.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1957 | 184.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 1958 | 190.23 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1959 | 197.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.8% |
| 1960 | 209.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.3% |
| 1961 | 221.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.5% |
| 1962 | 236.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.8% |
| 1963 | 248.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.3% |
| 1964 | 246.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.1% |
| 1965 | 263.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 1966 | 271.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.7% |
| 1967 | 272.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1968 | 289.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.4% |
| 1969 | 294.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1970 | 303.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1971 | 314.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 1972 | 329.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1973 | 338.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1974 | 349.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1975 | 373.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.9% |
| 1976 | 386.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1977 | 401.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
| 1978 | 407.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1979 | 423.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.8% |
| 1980 | 441.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.4% |
| 1981 | 473.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 1982 | 487.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1983 | 520.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.8% |
| 1984 | 535.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.7% |
| 1985 | 574.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.4% |
| 1986 | 617.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.5% |
| 1987 | 656.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.3% |
| 1988 | 706.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 1989 | 766.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.5% |
| 1990 | 768.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1991 | 811.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.5% |
| 1992 | 854.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.3% |
| 1993 | 872.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1994 | 912.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.6% |
| 1995 | 966.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 1996 | 1.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.0% |
| 1997 | 1.08 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 1998 | 1.09 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1999 | 1.18 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.2% |
| 2000 | 1.21 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 2001 | 1.23 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 2002 | 1.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.8% |
| 2003 | 1.31 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 2004 | 1.38 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.6% |
| 2005 | 1.45 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 2006 | 1.55 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 2007 | 1.66 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.1% |
| 2008 | 1.77 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.5% |
| 2009 | 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 2010 | 1.97 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 2011 | 2.07 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.0% |
| 2012 | 2.25 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.3% |
| 2013 | 2.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 2014 | 2.45 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.1% |
| 2015 | 2.54 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 2016 | 2.66 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.9% |
| 2017 | 2.74 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 2018 | 2.92 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.6% |
| 2019 | 2.94 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 2020 | 2.74 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.7% |
| 2021 | 3.01 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.9% |
| 2022 | 3.19 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 2023 | 3.43 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.7% |
| 2024 | 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 20.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 171.9× the median. (45 countries reporting)
- India's 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for South Asia, which is 26.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 132.8× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 46.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 45.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 48.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1860s | 49.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 48.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 49.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1870s | 51.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 50.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 54.11 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1880s | 57.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 54.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 60.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1890s | 65.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 62.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 69.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1900s | 79.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 72.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 87.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1910s | 97.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 86.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 110.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1920s | 108.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 100.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 114.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1930s | 119.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 110.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 132.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1940s | 137.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 132.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 140.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1950s | 167.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 144.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 197.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1960s | 255.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 209.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 294.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1970s | 362.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 303.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 423.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1980s | 578.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 441.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 766.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1990s | 957.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 768.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.18 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.47 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.21 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.48 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.97 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.94 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.19 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.74 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5 |
Countries ranked near India
More climate change data for India
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 27.69 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 602,760 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 105,678 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 497,082 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 398.78 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 17,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 279,594 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 103,578 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 664.21 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India?
- Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in India was 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024, according to Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024.
- What is the lowest total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 45.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1850.
- How does India rank for total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry?
- India ranks 3rd out of 198 countries with data for 2024.
- Is total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 45.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.