Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry by country

Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.

Countries reporting
194
Highest
13.70 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
China
Lowest
7,734 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Niue
Median
24.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Years covered
175
1850–2024
Data points
34,488

What the numbers show

Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry is currently reported for 194 countries. The highest value is 13.70 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in China; the lowest is 7,734 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in Niue.

The median across all reporting countries is 24.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, and the mean is 225.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.

Over the past decade 130 countries rose and 64 fell. The largest increase was in Laos (up 344.0%), and the largest decrease in Estonia (down 56.4%).

Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 China 13.70 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 23.6% volatile
2 United States 5.59 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 9.5% volatile
3 India 3.57 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 45.8% volatile
4 Russia 2.24 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 11.9% volatile
5 Indonesia 1.14 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 58.1% volatile
6 Japan 986.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 23.5% volatile
7 Iran 955.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 23.4% volatile
8 Saudi Arabia 806.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 16.9% volatile
9 Brazil 681.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 6.3% volatile
10 Canada 632.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 6.3% volatile
11 South Korea 621.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 5.3% volatile
12 Turkey 609.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 39.9% volatile
13 Germany 608.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 27.4% volatile
14 Mexico 551.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 3.2% volatile
15 South Africa 508.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 9.0% volatile
16 Australia 455.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 3.1% volatile
17 Vietnam 423.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 87.0% volatile
18 Iraq 389.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 52.9% volatile
19 United Kingdom 334.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 27.8% rising
20 Italy 325.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 14.4% volatile
21 Kazakhstan 323.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 4.1% volatile
22 Malaysia 317.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 17.2% volatile
23 Poland 311.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 12.0% volatile
24 Thailand 309.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 4.4% volatile
25 Egypt 306.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 13.3% volatile
26 France 294.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 19.3% volatile
27 Nigeria 284.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 11.2% volatile
28 Taiwan 279.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 4.6% volatile
29 Algeria 262.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 24.6% volatile
30 United Arab Emirates 259.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 5.2% volatile
31 Pakistan 245.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 22.0% volatile
32 Spain 244.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 12.3% volatile
33 Philippines 207.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 69.1% volatile
34 Argentina 198.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 7.1% volatile
35 Ukraine 190.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 41.4% volatile
36 Kuwait 169.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 47.9% volatile
37 Uzbekistan 167.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 24.2% volatile
38 Qatar 148.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 29.0% volatile
39 Bangladesh 136.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 51.5% volatile
40 Venezuela 133.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 39.0% volatile
41 Colombia 130.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 1.0% volatile
42 Netherlands 124.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 26.4% volatile
43 Oman 114.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 24.0% volatile
44 Turkmenistan 98.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 19.5% volatile
45 Belgium 96.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 11.4% volatile
46 Chile 95.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 1.0% volatile
47 Morocco 92.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 21.8% volatile
48 Libya 92.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 12.3% volatile
49 Czechia 88.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 24.8% volatile
50 Romania 85.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 10.9% volatile
51 Peru 83.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 35.2% volatile
52 North Korea 78.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 28.9% volatile
53 Mongolia 67.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 58.9% volatile
54 Belarus 66.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 9.5% volatile
55 Bahrain 62.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 13.5% volatile
56 Israel 62.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 8.7% volatile
57 Austria 61.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 11.3% volatile
58 Singapore 61.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 14.5% volatile
59 Greece 60.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 31.3% volatile
60 Ecuador 60.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 1.7% volatile
61 Ethiopia 58.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 34.1% volatile
62 Angola 49.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 21.2% volatile
63 Azerbaijan 49.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 14.7% volatile
64 Hungary 47.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 6.5% volatile
65 Serbia 46.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 12.1% volatile
66 Democratic Republic of Congo 46.11 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 24.1% volatile
67 Norway 44.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 14.8% volatile
68 Sweden 44.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 10.9% volatile
69 Myanmar 43.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 62.8% volatile
70 Portugal 42.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 20.7% volatile
71 Trinidad and Tobago 40.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 24.2% volatile
72 Tunisia 39.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 7.3% volatile
73 Tanzania 39.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 56.4% volatile
74 Bulgaria 39.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 24.6% volatile
75 New Zealand 39.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 7.8% volatile
76 Hong Kong 38.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 23.3% volatile
77 Dominican Republic 38.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 51.4% volatile
78 Kenya 38.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 38.5% volatile
79 Sudan 37.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 27.3% volatile
80 Slovakia 35.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 9.8% volatile
82 Finland 35.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 36.6% volatile
83 Syria 35.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 16.2% volatile
84 Ghana 34.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 44.7% volatile
85 Switzerland 34.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 15.9% volatile
86 Denmark 33.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 19.6% volatile
87 Bolivia 33.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 33.9% volatile
88 Guatemala 32.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 42.3% volatile
89 Cuba 30.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 8.9% volatile
90 Jordan 29.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 5.2% volatile
91 Laos 28.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 344.0% volatile
92 Sri Lanka 27.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 17.5% volatile
93 Mozambique 27.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 23.1% volatile
94 Uganda 26.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 63.9% volatile
95 Nepal 26.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 85.3% volatile
96 Cambodia 26.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 144.9% volatile
97 Cote d'Ivoire 24.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 29.9% volatile
98 Bosnia and Herzegovina 24.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 3.9% volatile
99 Cameroon 23.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 5.5% volatile
100 Congo 22.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 17.0% volatile
101 Zambia 21.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 69.5% volatile
102 Croatia 21.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 2.2% volatile
103 Zimbabwe 20.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 15.1% volatile
104 Lebanon 19.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 28.2% volatile
105 Gabon 19.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 3.1% volatile
106 Senegal 17.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 46.1% volatile
107 Yemen 17.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 56.0% volatile
108 Honduras 17.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 30.5% volatile
109 Afghanistan 15.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 29.5% volatile
110 Kyrgyzstan 15.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 18.0% volatile
111 Lithuania 15.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 13.1% volatile
112 Georgia 14.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 23.9% volatile
113 Panama 14.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 19.1% volatile
114 Slovenia 14.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 8.3% volatile
115 Brunei 14.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 15.4% volatile
116 Tajikistan 13.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 109.2% volatile
117 Burkina Faso 13.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 53.5% volatile
118 Uruguay 13.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 25.6% volatile
119 Madagascar 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 33.9% volatile
120 Costa Rica 11.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 15.2% volatile
121 Mali 11.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 97.7% volatile
122 Papua New Guinea 11.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 32.8% volatile
123 Paraguay 10.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 35.5% volatile
124 El Salvador 10.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 39.8% volatile
125 Botswana 10.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 16.2% volatile
126 Benin 10.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 25.9% volatile
127 Somalia 10.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 21.3% volatile
128 Equatorial Guinea 9.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 38.6% volatile
129 Cyprus 9.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 25.0% volatile
130 Guinea 9.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 31.6% volatile
131 Chad 9.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 22.7% volatile
132 Estonia 9.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 56.4% volatile
133 Haiti 8.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 6.1% volatile
134 Jamaica 8.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 8.1% volatile
135 Armenia 8.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 29.0% volatile
136 Latvia 7.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 8.6% volatile
137 Nicaragua 7.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 18.2% volatile
138 North Macedonia 7.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 6.1% volatile
139 Togo 7.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 50.3% volatile
140 Guyana 7.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 187.2% volatile
142 Mauritania 7.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 71.1% volatile
143 Moldova 7.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 15.3% volatile
144 Niger 6.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 40.7% volatile
145 South Sudan 6.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 1.4% volatile
146 Malawi 6.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 30.0% volatile
147 Albania 5.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 21.6% volatile
148 Rwanda 5.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 53.9% volatile
149 Mauritius 5.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 9.9% volatile
150 Namibia 5.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 28.0% volatile
151 Sierra Leone 4.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 10.9% volatile
152 Burundi 4.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 33.7% volatile
153 Iceland 4.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 9.5% volatile
154 Suriname 3.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 5.8% volatile
155 Liberia 3.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 15.3% volatile
156 Bahamas 3.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 43.6% volatile
157 Lesotho 3.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 9.7% volatile
158 Central African Republic 3.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 5.1% volatile
159 Montenegro 2.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 12.1% volatile
160 Maldives 2.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 70.4% volatile
161 Bhutan 2.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 21.7% volatile
162 Eritrea 2.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 20.9% volatile
163 Fiji 1.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 21.8% volatile
165 Barbados 1.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 0.7% volatile
166 Gambia 1.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 37.3% volatile
167 Djibouti 1.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 28.9% volatile
168 Guinea-Bissau 1.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 25.0% volatile
169 Macao 1.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 15.5% volatile
170 Belize 1.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 43.3% volatile
171 Aruba 950,899 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 5.7% volatile
172 East Timor 938,105 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 23.0% volatile
173 Comoros 907,184 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 93.1% volatile
174 Seychelles 757,210 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 40.7% volatile
175 Cape Verde 722,482 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 21.6% volatile
176 Antigua and Barbuda 718,028 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 16.6% volatile
177 Saint Lucia 582,981 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 10.2% volatile
178 Solomon Islands 544,757 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 4.2% volatile
179 Andorra 460,753 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 8.3% volatile
180 Grenada 419,144 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 50.7% volatile
181 Turks and Caicos Islands 385,594 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 20.8% volatile
182 Vanuatu 313,608 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 24.9% volatile
183 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 300,997 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 0.8% volatile
184 Samoa 300,322 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 20.3% volatile
185 Saint Kitts and Nevis 294,973 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 14.1% volatile
186 Palau 291,575 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 5.7% falling
187 Sao Tome and Principe 216,055 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 11.6% volatile
188 Dominica 204,072 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 1.4% volatile
189 British Virgin Islands 199,305 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 10.4% volatile
190 Tonga 198,535 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 35.2% volatile
191 Micronesia (country) 156,143 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 8.1% volatile
193 Kiribati 100,907 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 30.3% volatile
194 Cook Islands 87,716 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 down 0.1% volatile
195 Nauru 62,405 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 19.6% volatile
196 Saint Helena 13,070 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 5.2% volatile
197 Tuvalu 12,544 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 49.5% volatile
198 Niue 7,734 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents 2024 up 4.1% volatile

About this data

Indicator
Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry
Unit
tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Source
Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
198 places, 34,488 data points, 1850–2024
Last refreshed

Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.