Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar
Madagascar: Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry was 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Change on year
up 2.5%
World rank
119th
of 198 countries
All-time high
12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 2024
All-time low
294,302 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1850
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar, 1850–2024
Source: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Analysis
The most recent figure for total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar is 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 175 years on record.
The figure is up 2.5% on the previous year and up 33.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar peaked at 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024 and was at its lowest, 294,302 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, in 1850.
That places Madagascar 119th out of 198 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar, year by year
| Year | tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 294,302 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | — |
| 1851 | 295,739 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1852 | 297,237 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1853 | 299,014 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1854 | 300,789 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1855 | 302,559 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1856 | 304,322 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1857 | 306,075 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1858 | 307,816 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1859 | 309,543 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1860 | 311,252 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1861 | 313,262 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1862 | 315,275 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1863 | 318,470 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1864 | 320,499 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1865 | 322,534 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1866 | 324,576 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1867 | 326,628 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1868 | 328,690 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1869 | 330,762 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1870 | 332,846 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1871 | 335,134 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1872 | 337,649 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1873 | 340,338 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1874 | 343,154 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1875 | 346,043 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1876 | 348,958 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1877 | 351,847 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1878 | 354,659 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1879 | 357,345 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1880 | 359,854 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1881 | 362,319 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1882 | 364,766 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1883 | 367,201 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1884 | 369,630 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1885 | 372,057 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1886 | 374,490 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1887 | 376,931 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1888 | 379,389 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1889 | 381,866 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1890 | 381,679 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1891 | 384,317 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1892 | 386,979 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1893 | 389,664 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1894 | 392,374 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1895 | 395,109 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1896 | 397,872 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1897 | 400,661 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1898 | 403,477 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1899 | 406,321 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1900 | 409,193 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1901 | 418,898 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1902 | 422,244 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1903 | 425,675 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1904 | 429,172 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1905 | 423,625 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1906 | 429,130 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1907 | 437,305 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 1908 | 443,184 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1909 | 449,202 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1910 | 438,413 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.4% |
| 1911 | 461,688 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.3% |
| 1912 | 468,887 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1913 | 473,716 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1914 | 479,317 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1915 | 468,427 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.3% |
| 1916 | 481,907 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1917 | 496,292 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1918 | 511,561 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1919 | 505,775 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.1% |
| 1920 | 500,884 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1921 | 525,989 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.0% |
| 1922 | 531,988 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1923 | 538,211 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1924 | 544,517 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1925 | 550,909 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1926 | 577,295 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1927 | 586,932 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1928 | 597,182 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1929 | 609,808 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1930 | 619,756 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1931 | 630,253 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1932 | 641,190 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1933 | 657,237 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1934 | 672,636 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1935 | 675,816 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1936 | 687,091 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1937 | 698,632 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1938 | 712,450 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1939 | 730,827 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1940 | 743,130 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1941 | 755,350 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1942 | 777,904 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1943 | 806,657 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 1944 | 808,150 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1945 | 821,030 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1946 | 809,957 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1947 | 812,269 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1948 | 814,419 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1949 | 817,002 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1950 | 1.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +40.7% |
| 1951 | 1.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.5% |
| 1952 | 1.17 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.3% |
| 1953 | 1.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.2% |
| 1954 | 1.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 1955 | 1.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1956 | 1.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1957 | 1.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1958 | 1.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.2% |
| 1959 | 1.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1960 | 1.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1961 | 1.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.5% |
| 1962 | 1.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1963 | 1.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.0% |
| 1964 | 1.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1965 | 1.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.2% |
| 1966 | 1.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1967 | 1.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +17.9% |
| 1968 | 1.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.8% |
| 1969 | 1.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.8% |
| 1970 | 1.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.2% |
| 1971 | 1.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.3% |
| 1972 | 2.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +14.5% |
| 1973 | 2.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.4% |
| 1974 | 2.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.8% |
| 1975 | 2.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +24.2% |
| 1976 | 2.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -24.9% |
| 1977 | 1.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.3% |
| 1978 | 2.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +11.1% |
| 1979 | 2.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.4% |
| 1980 | 2.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +24.7% |
| 1981 | 2.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -17.7% |
| 1982 | 2.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.6% |
| 1983 | 2.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.8% |
| 1984 | 2.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +14.1% |
| 1985 | 2.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 1986 | 3.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.5% |
| 1987 | 3.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.3% |
| 1988 | 3.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1989 | 3.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -15.3% |
| 1990 | 3.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.2% |
| 1991 | 3.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 1992 | 3.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1993 | 3.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.9% |
| 1994 | 3.78 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.2% |
| 1995 | 4.11 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.7% |
| 1996 | 4.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.0% |
| 1997 | 4.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1998 | 4.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.5% |
| 1999 | 5.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.6% |
| 2000 | 5.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.5% |
| 2001 | 5.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.0% |
| 2002 | 5.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.2% |
| 2003 | 5.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +15.8% |
| 2004 | 6.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.3% |
| 2005 | 6.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
| 2006 | 6.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 2007 | 6.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.4% |
| 2008 | 7.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 2009 | 7.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 2010 | 7.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.5% |
| 2011 | 8.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.4% |
| 2012 | 8.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.5% |
| 2013 | 9.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.8% |
| 2014 | 9.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 2015 | 10.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.9% |
| 2016 | 9.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.8% |
| 2017 | 10.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 2018 | 10.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 2019 | 11.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.9% |
| 2020 | 11.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.8% |
| 2021 | 12.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.1% |
| 2022 | 12.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 2023 | 12.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 2024 | 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
Madagascar compared with similar countries
- Madagascar's 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for low income countries, which is 10.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 1.3× the median. (25 countries reporting)
- Madagascar's 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 10.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 1.3× the median. (47 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | +40.7% | 817,002 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 301,740 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 294,302 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 309,543 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1860s | 321,195 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 311,252 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 330,762 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1870s | 344,797 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 332,846 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 357,345 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1880s | 370,850 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 359,854 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 381,866 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1890s | 393,845 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 381,679 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 406,321 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1900s | 428,763 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 409,193 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 449,202 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1910s | 478,598 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 438,413 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 511,561 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1920s | 556,372 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 500,884 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 609,808 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1930s | 672,589 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 619,756 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 730,827 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1940s | 796,587 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 743,130 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 821,030 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1950s | 1.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1960s | 1.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1980s | 2.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1990s | 4.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2000s | 6.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 7.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2010s | 9.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 7.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 11.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2020s | 12.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 11.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5 |
Countries ranked near Madagascar
- 116 Tajikistan 13.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 117 Burkina Faso 13.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 118 Uruguay 13.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 120 Costa Rica 11.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 121 Mali 11.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 122 Papua New Guinea 11.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
More climate change data for Madagascar
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 36.84 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 23,568 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 7,815 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 15,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 29.49 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 562.62 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 9,018 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 880.86 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 8,138 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 3.32 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar?
- Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry in Madagascar was 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024, according to Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry recorded in Madagascar?
- The highest recorded value was 12.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024.
- What is the lowest total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry recorded in Madagascar?
- The lowest recorded value was 294,302 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1850.
- How does Madagascar rank for total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry?
- Madagascar ranks 119th out of 198 countries with data for 2024.
- Is total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry rising or falling in Madagascar?
- Over the last ten years it is up 33.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Madagascar data come from?
- The figures come from Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.