Greenhouse gas emissions in India
India: Greenhouse gas emissions was 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Change on year
up 3.4%
World rank
3rd
of 199 countries
All-time high
4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 2024
All-time low
298.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1862
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Greenhouse gas emissions in India, 1850–2024
Source: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Analysis
In 2024, greenhouse gas emissions in India stood at 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents. That is the highest value across all 175 years on record.
The figure is up 3.4% on the previous year and up 32.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, greenhouse gas emissions in India peaked at 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024 and was at its lowest, 298.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, in 1862.
That places India 3rd out of 199 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Greenhouse gas emissions in India, year by year
| Year | tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 372.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | — |
| 1851 | 339.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -9.0% |
| 1852 | 322.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.9% |
| 1853 | 315.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.2% |
| 1854 | 310.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.4% |
| 1855 | 306.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.4% |
| 1856 | 303.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1857 | 303.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1858 | 301.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1859 | 299.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.6% |
| 1860 | 300.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1861 | 299.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1862 | 298.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.3% |
| 1863 | 299.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1864 | 299.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1865 | 299.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1866 | 301.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1867 | 302.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1868 | 300.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 1869 | 302.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1870 | 304.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1871 | 304.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1872 | 307.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1873 | 308.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1874 | 310.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1875 | 313.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1876 | 316.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1877 | 317.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1878 | 321.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1879 | 322.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1880 | 326.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1881 | 329.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1882 | 334.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1883 | 336.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1884 | 339.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1885 | 342.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1886 | 346.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1887 | 349.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1888 | 352.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1889 | 356.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1890 | 360.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1891 | 361.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1892 | 362.23 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1893 | 363.29 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1894 | 363.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1895 | 366.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1896 | 368.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1897 | 370.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1898 | 372.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1899 | 373.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1900 | 375.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1901 | 373.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 1902 | 373.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1903 | 373.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 1904 | 373.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1905 | 373.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 1906 | 374.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1907 | 375.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1908 | 378.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1909 | 376.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1910 | 377.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1911 | 380.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1912 | 385.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1913 | 390.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1914 | 390.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1915 | 393.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1916 | 395.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1917 | 400.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1918 | 404.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1919 | 409.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1920 | 475.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +16.3% |
| 1921 | 514.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.2% |
| 1922 | 538.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.5% |
| 1923 | 552.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1924 | 566.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1925 | 578.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1926 | 585.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1927 | 596.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 1928 | 600.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1929 | 612.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1930 | 621.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1931 | 622.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1932 | 626.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1933 | 636.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1934 | 645.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1935 | 653.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1936 | 660.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1937 | 674.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1938 | 687.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.0% |
| 1939 | 694.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1940 | 706.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1941 | 713.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1942 | 721.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1943 | 721.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1944 | 733.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1945 | 744.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1946 | 749.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1947 | 753.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.5% |
| 1948 | 758.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1949 | 768.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1950 | 837.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.9% |
| 1951 | 870.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 1952 | 895.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1953 | 912.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1954 | 934.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1955 | 955.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1956 | 976.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1957 | 1.00 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1958 | 1.02 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 1959 | 1.04 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1960 | 916.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -12.2% |
| 1961 | 1.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.1% |
| 1962 | 911.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.3% |
| 1963 | 899.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1964 | 899.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1965 | 901.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1966 | 960.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.5% |
| 1967 | 974.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1968 | 923.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.2% |
| 1969 | 951.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1970 | 904.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.9% |
| 1971 | 947.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.7% |
| 1972 | 1.04 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.4% |
| 1973 | 1.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.3% |
| 1974 | 1.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 1975 | 1.04 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1976 | 1.02 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1977 | 1.15 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +13.0% |
| 1978 | 1.11 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.1% |
| 1979 | 1.08 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.1% |
| 1980 | 1.12 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1981 | 1.18 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1982 | 1.16 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1983 | 1.30 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.3% |
| 1984 | 1.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.1% |
| 1985 | 1.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1986 | 1.36 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.8% |
| 1987 | 1.35 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.6% |
| 1988 | 1.47 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.9% |
| 1989 | 1.51 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.7% |
| 1990 | 1.53 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1991 | 1.56 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1992 | 1.63 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.6% |
| 1993 | 1.64 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1994 | 1.68 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1995 | 1.71 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1996 | 1.82 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.1% |
| 1997 | 1.83 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1998 | 1.86 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1999 | 1.94 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.5% |
| 2000 | 2.01 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 2001 | 2.00 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.3% |
| 2002 | 1.99 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.3% |
| 2003 | 2.06 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 2004 | 2.13 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 2005 | 2.21 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 2006 | 2.32 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.4% |
| 2007 | 2.49 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.9% |
| 2008 | 2.64 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.3% |
| 2009 | 2.74 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 2010 | 2.85 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 2011 | 2.95 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 2012 | 3.16 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 2013 | 3.12 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.2% |
| 2014 | 3.22 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 2015 | 3.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 2016 | 3.37 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 2017 | 3.42 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 2018 | 3.62 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 2019 | 3.61 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.1% |
| 2020 | 3.44 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.9% |
| 2021 | 3.70 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 2022 | 3.87 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.7% |
| 2023 | 4.12 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.5% |
| 2024 | 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 42.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 99.8× the median. (46 countries reporting)
- India's 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for South Asia, which is 50.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 84.0× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 317.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 299.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 372.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1860s | 300.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 298.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 302.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1870s | 312.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 304.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 322.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1880s | 341.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 326.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 356.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1890s | 366.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 360.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 373.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1900s | 374.68 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 373.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 378.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1910s | 392.78 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 377.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 409.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1920s | 562.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 475.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 612.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1930s | 652.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 621.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 694.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1940s | 737.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 706.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 768.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1950s | 944.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 837.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.04 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1960s | 936.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 899.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1970s | 1.04 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 904.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.15 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.30 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.12 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.51 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.72 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.53 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.94 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2000s | 2.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.99 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.74 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2010s | 3.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.85 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.62 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.88 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.44 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5 |
Countries ranked near India
More climate change data for India
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 27.69 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 602,760 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 105,678 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 497,082 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 398.78 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 17,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 279,594 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 176,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 103,578 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 664.21 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is greenhouse gas emissions in India?
- Greenhouse gas emissions in India was 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024, according to Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024.
- What is the lowest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 298.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1862.
- How does India rank for greenhouse gas emissions?
- India ranks 3rd out of 199 countries with data for 2024.
- Is greenhouse gas emissions rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 32.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Greenhouse gas emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.