Greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia
Indonesia: Greenhouse gas emissions was 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Change on year
down 2.0%
World rank
6th
of 199 countries
All-time high
3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1997
All-time low
111.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1850
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia, 1850–2024
Source: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Analysis
In 2024, greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia stood at 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 2.0% on the previous year and down 11.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia peaked at 3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1997 and was at its lowest, 111.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, in 1850.
Indonesia ranks 6th of 199 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia, year by year
| Year | tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 111.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | — |
| 1851 | 156.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +41.1% |
| 1852 | 191.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +22.3% |
| 1853 | 198.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 1854 | 203.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1855 | 232.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +14.5% |
| 1856 | 223.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.8% |
| 1857 | 230.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1858 | 238.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1859 | 251.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.4% |
| 1860 | 243.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.9% |
| 1861 | 252.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 1862 | 233.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.5% |
| 1863 | 234.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1864 | 248.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.8% |
| 1865 | 249.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1866 | 239.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.7% |
| 1867 | 239.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1868 | 247.26 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1869 | 250.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1870 | 245.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.0% |
| 1871 | 225.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.0% |
| 1872 | 232.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1873 | 229.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.5% |
| 1874 | 227.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1875 | 232.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1876 | 224.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.6% |
| 1877 | 233.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
| 1878 | 230.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.3% |
| 1879 | 231.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1880 | 224.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.0% |
| 1881 | 215.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.4% |
| 1882 | 214.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 1883 | 217.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1884 | 204.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.9% |
| 1885 | 214.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1886 | 201.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.9% |
| 1887 | 211.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1888 | 216.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1889 | 217.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1890 | 230.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1891 | 243.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.6% |
| 1892 | 253.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.3% |
| 1893 | 242.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.5% |
| 1894 | 256.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 1895 | 254.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1896 | 258.28 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1897 | 263.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1898 | 261.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1899 | 261.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.3% |
| 1900 | 252.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.5% |
| 1901 | 258.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1902 | 249.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.5% |
| 1903 | 262.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.9% |
| 1904 | 255.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.4% |
| 1905 | 254.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1906 | 254.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.4% |
| 1907 | 261.85 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.7% |
| 1908 | 256.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1909 | 263.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1910 | 267.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1911 | 262.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.8% |
| 1912 | 257.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1913 | 259.57 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.8% |
| 1914 | 265.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 1915 | 267.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1916 | 272.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1917 | 260.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.3% |
| 1918 | 264.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
| 1919 | 269.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1920 | 259.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.4% |
| 1921 | 267.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1922 | 267.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 1923 | 274.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1924 | 278.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1925 | 275.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.4% |
| 1926 | 284.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1927 | 282.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.9% |
| 1928 | 294.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.5% |
| 1929 | 302.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1930 | 304.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1931 | 313.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1932 | 317.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1933 | 321.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1934 | 332.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1935 | 322.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.1% |
| 1936 | 335.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.2% |
| 1937 | 345.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.9% |
| 1938 | 355.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1939 | 360.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1940 | 360.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.0% |
| 1941 | 365.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1942 | 347.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.8% |
| 1943 | 370.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.4% |
| 1944 | 357.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.5% |
| 1945 | 360.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1946 | 364.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1947 | 376.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1948 | 399.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.3% |
| 1949 | 404.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1950 | 397.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1951 | 406.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.4% |
| 1952 | 419.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1953 | 425.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1954 | 444.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.4% |
| 1955 | 463.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.2% |
| 1956 | 476.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1957 | 488.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1958 | 502.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.8% |
| 1959 | 515.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.6% |
| 1960 | 472.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.2% |
| 1961 | 545.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +15.2% |
| 1962 | 576.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.9% |
| 1963 | 556.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.6% |
| 1964 | 590.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.1% |
| 1965 | 585.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.9% |
| 1966 | 559.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.4% |
| 1967 | 634.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +13.5% |
| 1968 | 669.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.5% |
| 1969 | 618.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.6% |
| 1970 | 665.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.5% |
| 1971 | 695.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.5% |
| 1972 | 678.48 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.4% |
| 1973 | 686.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.1% |
| 1974 | 721.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.2% |
| 1975 | 658.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.7% |
| 1976 | 666.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.2% |
| 1977 | 709.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.5% |
| 1978 | 781.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.1% |
| 1979 | 787.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.7% |
| 1980 | 794.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.0% |
| 1981 | 807.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1982 | 776.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.8% |
| 1983 | 810.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.3% |
| 1984 | 1.33 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +64.0% |
| 1985 | 1.53 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +15.3% |
| 1986 | 1.68 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.5% |
| 1987 | 1.42 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -15.1% |
| 1988 | 1.18 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -16.9% |
| 1989 | 1.23 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 1990 | 1.01 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -17.7% |
| 1991 | 994.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.8% |
| 1992 | 1.20 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +20.3% |
| 1993 | 1.10 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.0% |
| 1994 | 1.32 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +20.3% |
| 1995 | 1.25 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.4% |
| 1996 | 1.22 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.7% |
| 1997 | 3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +148.5% |
| 1998 | 1.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -58.4% |
| 1999 | 1.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.1% |
| 2000 | 1.25 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.7% |
| 2001 | 1.17 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.6% |
| 2002 | 1.48 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +26.9% |
| 2003 | 1.16 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -21.6% |
| 2004 | 1.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.9% |
| 2005 | 1.22 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.5% |
| 2006 | 1.86 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +52.7% |
| 2007 | 1.36 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -27.1% |
| 2008 | 1.48 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.4% |
| 2009 | 1.86 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +25.1% |
| 2010 | 1.65 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.1% |
| 2011 | 1.83 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +11.1% |
| 2012 | 1.92 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.1% |
| 2013 | 1.98 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.8% |
| 2014 | 2.14 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.4% |
| 2015 | 2.62 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +22.2% |
| 2016 | 1.75 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -33.2% |
| 2017 | 1.73 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.5% |
| 2018 | 1.81 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.1% |
| 2019 | 2.11 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +16.6% |
| 2020 | 1.73 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -18.4% |
| 2021 | 1.76 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 2022 | 1.81 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.7% |
| 2023 | 1.94 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.1% |
| 2024 | 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.0% |
Indonesia compared with similar countries
- Indonesia's 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for upper middle income countries, which is 42.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 44.6× the median. (57 countries reporting)
- Indonesia's 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is 61.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 31.1× the median. (31 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | +148.5% | 1.22 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 1984 | +64.0% | 810.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.33 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 1998 | -58.4% | 3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 2006 | +52.7% | 1.22 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.86 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 1851 | +41.1% | 111.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 156.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 2016 | -33.2% | 2.62 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.75 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 203.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 111.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 251.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1860s | 243.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 233.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 252.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1870s | 231.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 224.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 245.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1880s | 213.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 201.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 224.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1890s | 252.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 230.25 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 263.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1900s | 257.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 249.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 263.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1910s | 264.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 257.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 272.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1920s | 278.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 259.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 302.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1930s | 330.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 304.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 360.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1940s | 370.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 347.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 404.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1950s | 453.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 397.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 515.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1960s | 581.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 472.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 669.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1970s | 705.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 658.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 787.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.16 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 776.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.68 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.37 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 994.15 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.41 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.16 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.86 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.96 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.65 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 2.62 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.83 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.73 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 1.94 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5 |
Countries ranked near Indonesia
- 3 India 4.26 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 4 Brazil 2.80 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 5 Russia 2.73 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 7 Iran 1.01 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 8 Japan 1.01 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 9 Saudi Arabia 821.84 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
More climate change data for Indonesia
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 3.73 billion kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 60,521 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 23,775 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 36,746 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 89.72 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 1,312 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 101,360 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 26,015 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 75,346 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 98.17 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia?
- Greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia was 1.90 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024, according to Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in Indonesia?
- The highest recorded value was 3.03 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1997.
- What is the lowest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in Indonesia?
- The lowest recorded value was 111.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1850.
- How does Indonesia rank for greenhouse gas emissions?
- Indonesia ranks 6th out of 199 countries with data for 2024.
- Is greenhouse gas emissions rising or falling in Indonesia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 11.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Indonesia data come from?
- The figures come from Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Greenhouse gas emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.