Greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar
Madagascar: Greenhouse gas emissions was 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2024)
61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
Change on year
up 1.4%
World rank
80th
of 199 countries
All-time high
182.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1998
All-time low
5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents
in 1909
Years of data
175
1850–2024
Greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar, 1850–2024
Source: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
Analysis
The most recent figure for greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar is 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, measured in 2024.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.4% on the previous year and down 1.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar peaked at 182.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1998 and was at its lowest, 5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, in 1909.
Madagascar ranks 80th of 199 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar, year by year
| Year | tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 23.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | — |
| 1851 | 20.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.1% |
| 1852 | 18.51 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -10.1% |
| 1853 | 18.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1854 | 19.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.8% |
| 1855 | 20.47 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.7% |
| 1856 | 19.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.8% |
| 1857 | 18.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.7% |
| 1858 | 17.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.6% |
| 1859 | 18.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.7% |
| 1860 | 18.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.2% |
| 1861 | 18.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 1862 | 17.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.2% |
| 1863 | 17.42 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1864 | 16.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.5% |
| 1865 | 17.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.5% |
| 1866 | 19.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.9% |
| 1867 | 17.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.1% |
| 1868 | 17.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.8% |
| 1869 | 19.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.5% |
| 1870 | 19.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.4% |
| 1871 | 19.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1872 | 20.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.0% |
| 1873 | 21.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 1874 | 21.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.6% |
| 1875 | 20.95 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.3% |
| 1876 | 20.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.2% |
| 1877 | 22.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.5% |
| 1878 | 21.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.1% |
| 1879 | 20.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.1% |
| 1880 | 21.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.1% |
| 1881 | 22.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.5% |
| 1882 | 20.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -9.9% |
| 1883 | 22.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.1% |
| 1884 | 24.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.2% |
| 1885 | 22.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.2% |
| 1886 | 23.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
| 1887 | 22.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.3% |
| 1888 | 21.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.0% |
| 1889 | 21.58 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1890 | 16.78 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -22.2% |
| 1891 | 14.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -15.6% |
| 1892 | 12.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -10.7% |
| 1893 | 11.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -9.6% |
| 1894 | 10.59 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.4% |
| 1895 | 9.77 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.7% |
| 1896 | 9.01 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.8% |
| 1897 | 8.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.3% |
| 1898 | 7.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.8% |
| 1899 | 7.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.3% |
| 1900 | 6.78 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.0% |
| 1901 | 6.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.9% |
| 1902 | 6.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.0% |
| 1903 | 6.52 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.2% |
| 1904 | 6.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1905 | 6.56 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.7% |
| 1906 | 6.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1907 | 6.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.6% |
| 1908 | 5.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.1% |
| 1909 | 5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -15.9% |
| 1910 | 5.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.3% |
| 1911 | 5.53 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.1% |
| 1912 | 5.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 1913 | 6.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +11.3% |
| 1914 | 6.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.0% |
| 1915 | 6.54 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1916 | 7.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.9% |
| 1917 | 7.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1918 | 7.07 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.2% |
| 1919 | 7.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.6% |
| 1920 | 20.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +174.9% |
| 1921 | 28.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +35.3% |
| 1922 | 31.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.5% |
| 1923 | 34.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.3% |
| 1924 | 35.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.5% |
| 1925 | 38.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.2% |
| 1926 | 39.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.9% |
| 1927 | 41.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.1% |
| 1928 | 41.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.9% |
| 1929 | 44.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.0% |
| 1930 | 46.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.8% |
| 1931 | 48.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.9% |
| 1932 | 50.27 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.4% |
| 1933 | 50.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1934 | 52.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.1% |
| 1935 | 52.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 1936 | 52.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 1937 | 55.96 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.7% |
| 1938 | 61.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +9.7% |
| 1939 | 59.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.8% |
| 1940 | 66.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.4% |
| 1941 | 70.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1942 | 74.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +6.7% |
| 1943 | 83.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +10.8% |
| 1944 | 78.20 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.8% |
| 1945 | 80.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.5% |
| 1946 | 84.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.7% |
| 1947 | 91.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.3% |
| 1948 | 88.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.9% |
| 1949 | 89.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.7% |
| 1950 | 91.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.3% |
| 1951 | 95.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +4.0% |
| 1952 | 94.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.5% |
| 1953 | 93.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.1% |
| 1954 | 95.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1955 | 102.12 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.1% |
| 1956 | 107.98 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1957 | 114.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.7% |
| 1958 | 116.66 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.2% |
| 1959 | 124.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +7.0% |
| 1960 | 122.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.6% |
| 1961 | 93.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -23.7% |
| 1962 | 70.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -24.7% |
| 1963 | 66.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.5% |
| 1964 | 61.19 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -8.4% |
| 1965 | 61.32 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 1966 | 59.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.7% |
| 1967 | 59.92 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.5% |
| 1968 | 60.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.6% |
| 1969 | 57.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -5.6% |
| 1970 | 55.22 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.9% |
| 1971 | 54.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.9% |
| 1972 | 55.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.1% |
| 1973 | 57.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 1974 | 93.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +61.9% |
| 1975 | 105.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +12.7% |
| 1976 | 93.45 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -11.6% |
| 1977 | 101.08 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +8.2% |
| 1978 | 85.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -15.3% |
| 1979 | 73.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -14.0% |
| 1980 | 69.03 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.3% |
| 1981 | 68.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.4% |
| 1982 | 69.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 1983 | 64.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.1% |
| 1984 | 64.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.1% |
| 1985 | 64.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.2% |
| 1986 | 61.67 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.7% |
| 1987 | 61.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 1988 | 59.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.4% |
| 1989 | 61.93 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.3% |
| 1990 | 59.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -3.3% |
| 1991 | 60.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.3% |
| 1992 | 74.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +22.7% |
| 1993 | 75.83 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.8% |
| 1994 | 90.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +19.5% |
| 1995 | 86.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.8% |
| 1996 | 116.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +35.1% |
| 1997 | 139.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +19.2% |
| 1998 | 182.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +31.4% |
| 1999 | 174.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.4% |
| 2000 | 152.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -12.7% |
| 2001 | 115.86 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -24.0% |
| 2002 | 98.71 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -14.8% |
| 2003 | 92.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.4% |
| 2004 | 85.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.6% |
| 2005 | 79.75 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.6% |
| 2006 | 77.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.8% |
| 2007 | 80.30 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +3.6% |
| 2008 | 75.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.1% |
| 2009 | 71.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.9% |
| 2010 | 70.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.8% |
| 2011 | 67.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -4.1% |
| 2012 | 65.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.8% |
| 2013 | 66.82 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.9% |
| 2014 | 62.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -6.7% |
| 2015 | 65.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +5.1% |
| 2016 | 65.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.0% |
| 2017 | 64.87 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -1.0% |
| 2018 | 60.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -7.2% |
| 2019 | 60.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.6% |
| 2020 | 59.23 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -2.2% |
| 2021 | 59.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | -0.4% |
| 2022 | 60.50 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +2.5% |
| 2023 | 60.64 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +0.2% |
| 2024 | 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | +1.4% |
Madagascar compared with similar countries
- Madagascar's 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for low income countries, which is 52.13 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 1.2× the median. (25 countries reporting)
- Madagascar's 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents is above the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 41.41 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents, 1.5× the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | +174.9% | 7.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 20.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
| 1974 | +61.9% | 57.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 93.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 19.55 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 17.33 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 23.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1860s | 18.09 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 16.99 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 19.34 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1870s | 20.81 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 19.06 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 22.05 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1880s | 22.37 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 20.70 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 24.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1890s | 10.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 7.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 16.78 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1900s | 6.31 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 6.78 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1910s | 6.44 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 7.60 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1920s | 35.61 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 20.89 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 44.24 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1930s | 53.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 46.80 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 61.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1940s | 80.79 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 66.38 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 91.73 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1950s | 103.72 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 91.74 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 124.88 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1960s | 71.40 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 57.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 122.91 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1970s | 77.63 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 54.16 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 105.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1980s | 64.62 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 59.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 69.76 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 1990s | 106.10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 59.90 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 182.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2000s | 92.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 71.65 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 152.46 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2010s | 64.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 60.21 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 70.35 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 10 |
| 2020s | 60.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 59.02 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents | 5 |
Countries ranked near Madagascar
- 77 Uganda 63.94 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 78 Ecuador 63.14 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 79 Bahrain 62.97 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 81 Laos 61.39 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 82 Singapore 61.18 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
- 83 Mozambique 60.43 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents compare
More climate change data for Madagascar
- Nutrient nitrogen N (total) — Synthetic fertilizers (Agricultural) 36.84 million kg (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) 23,568 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 7,815 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 15,753 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 29.49 kt (2050)
- Emissions from livestock — Emissions 562.62 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) 9,018 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O 880.86 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 8,138 kt (2050)
- Emissions from crops — Emissions 3.32 kt (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar?
- Greenhouse gas emissions in Madagascar was 61.49 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 2024, according to Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in Madagascar?
- The highest recorded value was 182.69 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1998.
- What is the lowest greenhouse gas emissions recorded in Madagascar?
- The lowest recorded value was 5.00 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalents in 1909.
- How does Madagascar rank for greenhouse gas emissions?
- Madagascar ranks 80th out of 199 countries with data for 2024.
- Is greenhouse gas emissions rising or falling in Madagascar?
- Over the last ten years it is down 1.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Madagascar data come from?
- The figures come from Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Greenhouse gas emissions. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 175 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.