Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change, per square kilometre by country
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
192
Highest
74,526 tonnes per square kilometre
Singapore
Lowest
-46.16 tonnes per square kilometre
Haiti
Median
226.1 tonnes per square kilometre
Years covered
64
1961–2024
Data points
10,987
What the numbers show
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change, per square kilometre is currently reported for 192 countries. The highest value is 74,526 tonnes per square kilometre in Singapore; the lowest is -46.16 tonnes per square kilometre in Haiti.
The median across all reporting countries is 226.1 tonnes per square kilometre, and the mean is 1,314 tonnes per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 1,615.
Over the past decade 90 countries rose and 102 fell. The largest increase was in Georgia (up 1,397.1%), and the largest decrease in Haiti (down 113.5%).
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change, per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 74,526 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 2 | Bahrain | 48,754 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Qatar | 10,952 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Maldives | 7,739 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 76.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Kuwait | 7,269 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 72.7% | volatile |
| 6 | Trinidad and Tobago | 6,711 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 25.8% | volatile |
| 7 | South Korea | 5,943 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Malta | 5,267 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 29.3% | volatile |
| 9 | Netherlands | 3,562 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.8% | rising |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 3,126 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 11 | Barbados | 3,005 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 12 | Belgium | 2,928 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 13 | Nauru | 2,923 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.0% | falling |
| 14 | Luxembourg | 2,788 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.1% | falling |
| 15 | Japan | 2,654 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 22.9% | rising |
| 16 | Brunei | 2,447 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 17 | Israel | 2,431 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 12.9% | volatile |
| 18 | Mauritius | 2,319 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 19 | Germany | 1,624 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.4% | falling |
| 20 | Vietnam | 1,545 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.6% | volatile |
| 21 | Lebanon | 1,537 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 34.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1,451 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 23 | Seychelles | 1,428 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 43.4% | volatile |
| 24 | China | 1,275 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.6% | volatile |
| 25 | United Kingdom | 1,275 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 31.8% | falling |
| 26 | India | 1,077 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 40.6% | volatile |
| 27 | Malaysia | 1,072 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.6% | rising |
| 28 | Italy | 979.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.3% | rising |
| 29 | Bangladesh | 945.84 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 57.5% | volatile |
| 30 | Czechia | 906.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 31 | Andorra | 894.64 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 32 | Marshall Islands | 853.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 33 | Grenada | 851.3 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 193.9% | volatile |
| 34 | Switzerland | 808.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.4% | rising |
| 35 | Palestine | 799.62 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 66.5% | volatile |
| 36 | Poland | 797.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 37 | Cote d'Ivoire | 793.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 43.5% | volatile |
| 38 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 772.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 29.5% | volatile |
| 39 | Denmark | 758.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 22.8% | falling |
| 40 | Slovenia | 744.77 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 15.4% | rising |
| 41 | Thailand | 743.8 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 42 | Jamaica | 739.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.8% | volatile |
| 43 | Indonesia | 733.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 25.0% | rising |
| 44 | Liechtenstein | 732.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.8% | rising |
| 45 | Philippines | 730.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.1% | rising |
| 46 | Saint Lucia | 722.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 47 | Cyprus | 692.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 15.5% | volatile |
| 48 | Dominican Republic | 689.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 17.8% | rising |
| 49 | Austria | 674.98 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.1% | rising |
| 50 | Turkey | 654.23 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 51 | Slovakia | 633.07 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 23.0% | falling |
| 52 | North Korea | 602.45 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 38.7% | falling |
| 53 | United States | 548.37 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.5% | rising |
| 54 | Iraq | 543.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 58.0% | volatile |
| 55 | Azerbaijan | 514.03 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 56 | Sri Lanka | 504.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 5.8% | volatile |
| 57 | Iran | 503.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 32.6% | volatile |
| 58 | Palau | 491.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 59 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 481.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 35.5% | volatile |
| 60 | Ireland | 478.66 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 61 | France | 467.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.9% | falling |
| 62 | Guatemala | 461.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 16.4% | rising |
| 63 | Benin | 444.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 55.7% | volatile |
| 64 | El Salvador | 442.58 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 41.3% | rising |
| 65 | Tuvalu | 440 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 80.1% | rising |
| 66 | Portugal | 432.92 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 9.5% | rising |
| 67 | Spain | 420.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 11.7% | rising |
| 68 | Cambodia | 369.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.9% | volatile |
| 69 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 367.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.2% | volatile |
| 70 | South Africa | 365.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.7% | rising |
| 71 | Saudi Arabia | 322.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 18.5% | volatile |
| 72 | Hungary | 320.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 73 | Uzbekistan | 315.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.6% | falling |
| 74 | Belize | 314.47 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 2.4% | volatile |
| 75 | Comoros | 309.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 197.2% | volatile |
| 76 | Lesotho | 306 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 271.0% | volatile |
| 77 | Bahamas | 304.74 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 49.1% | volatile |
| 78 | Equatorial Guinea | 298.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.1% | volatile |
| 79 | East Timor | 297.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 80 | Serbia | 292.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 123.9% | rising |
| 81 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 288.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 23.1% | volatile |
| 82 | Croatia | 283.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 83 | Jordan | 276.32 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.2% | volatile |
| 84 | Sao Tome and Principe | 276.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 48.1% | volatile |
| 85 | Oman | 267.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 24.6% | volatile |
| 86 | Armenia | 264.37 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 87 | Egypt | 262.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.9% | volatile |
| 88 | Liberia | 260.76 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 22.8% | volatile |
| 89 | Belarus | 257.65 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 21.1% | falling |
| 90 | Greece | 256 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 45.0% | rising |
| 91 | Ukraine | 255.58 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 44.1% | falling |
| 92 | Brazil | 249.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 93 | North Macedonia | 243.11 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 35.7% | falling |
| 94 | Cuba | 234.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 37.8% | volatile |
| 95 | Tonga | 233.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 16.7% | volatile |
| 96 | Honduras | 233.06 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 41.6% | falling |
| 97 | Bulgaria | 219.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 41.0% | falling |
| 98 | Guinea | 219.07 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 38.3% | volatile |
| 99 | Mexico | 217.98 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 18.7% | rising |
| 100 | Micronesia (country) | 214.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.0% | falling |
| 101 | Bhutan | 214.84 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 102 | Pakistan | 210.99 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 103 | Finland | 207.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 104 | Ethiopia | 206.64 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 68.1% | volatile |
| 105 | Romania | 205.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 37.0% | falling |
| 106 | Burundi | 202.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1.5% | falling |
| 107 | Tunisia | 201.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 108 | Solomon Islands | 198.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 21.2% | volatile |
| 109 | Panama | 197.76 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.4% | falling |
| 110 | Nigeria | 196.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 111 | Laos | 189.99 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 47.2% | volatile |
| 112 | Estonia | 189.54 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 54.7% | falling |
| 113 | Lithuania | 189.42 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 2.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Guinea-Bissau | 187.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 257.5% | volatile |
| 115 | Rwanda | 181.85 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 8.6% | falling |
| 116 | Nepal | 178.06 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 80.8% | falling |
| 117 | New Zealand | 175.53 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.7% | rising |
| 118 | Turkmenistan | 171.69 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 119 | Myanmar | 162.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 22.2% | volatile |
| 120 | Costa Rica | 153.76 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 20.1% | volatile |
| 121 | Ghana | 151.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 122 | Latvia | 151.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.5% | volatile |
| 123 | Cape Verde | 148.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 13.4% | volatile |
| 124 | Albania | 146.88 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 125 | Venezuela | 142.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 32.8% | rising |
| 126 | Syria | 138.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.2% | volatile |
| 127 | Ecuador | 136.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 70.2% | rising |
| 128 | Sierra Leone | 132.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 46.7% | volatile |
| 129 | Russia | 132.28 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 130 | Bolivia | 128.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 56.2% | volatile |
| 131 | Burkina Faso | 127.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 0.0% | volatile |
| 132 | Morocco | 126.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 133 | Norway | 123.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 9.7% | rising |
| 134 | Nicaragua | 121.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.8% | volatile |
| 135 | Chile | 119.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 23.3% | rising |
| 136 | Malawi | 118.14 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 22.5% | falling |
| 137 | Argentina | 115.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.9% | rising |
| 138 | Sweden | 113.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 139 | Tanzania | 112.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 24.6% | rising |
| 140 | Gambia | 110.3 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 36.7% | volatile |
| 141 | Dominica | 104.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 245.9% | volatile |
| 142 | Senegal | 103.77 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 26.3% | volatile |
| 143 | Kazakhstan | 103.42 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 5.5% | rising |
| 144 | Zambia | 100.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 17.5% | rising |
| 145 | Colombia | 96.61 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 42.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Kiribati | 89.34 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 31.7% | rising |
| 147 | Togo | 88.14 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 13.5% | rising |
| 148 | Algeria | 84.28 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 29.3% | volatile |
| 149 | Central African Republic | 81.32 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1,000.4% | volatile |
| 150 | Papua New Guinea | 80.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 19.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Tajikistan | 77.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 49.7% | volatile |
| 152 | Congo | 76.62 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 25.1% | volatile |
| 153 | Georgia | 73.98 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 1,397.1% | volatile |
| 154 | Canada | 73.42 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 155 | Eswatini | 73 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 11.3% | falling |
| 156 | Cameroon | 69.99 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 6.4% | flat |
| 157 | Peru | 67.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 29.0% | flat |
| 158 | Eritrea | 67.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 159 | Madagascar | 61.14 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 1.4% | falling |
| 160 | Kyrgyzstan | 59.64 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 161 | Kenya | 59.32 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 34.7% | rising |
| 162 | Moldova | 58.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 156.1% | volatile |
| 163 | Paraguay | 58.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 50.2% | rising |
| 164 | Angola | 58.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 43.8% | volatile |
| 165 | Australia | 55.72 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.1% | rising |
| 166 | Uganda | 54.37 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 24.2% | volatile |
| 167 | Mozambique | 49.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 8.8% | rising |
| 168 | Gabon | 49.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 4.9% | flat |
| 169 | Uruguay | 48.61 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 54.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Somalia | 48.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 39.8% | rising |
| 171 | Afghanistan | 44.58 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 231.3% | volatile |
| 172 | Iceland | 41.25 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 173 | Guyana | 37.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 7.4% | volatile |
| 174 | Libya | 36.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 4.1% | rising |
| 175 | Mali | 31.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 6.4% | volatile |
| 176 | Zimbabwe | 30.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 23.6% | volatile |
| 177 | Mongolia | 29.68 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 178 | Djibouti | 28.71 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 179 | South Sudan | 26.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 25.7% | falling |
| 180 | Fiji | 19.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 42.4% | volatile |
| 181 | Suriname | 19.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 44.4% | rising |
| 182 | Yemen | 19.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 59.2% | volatile |
| 183 | Sudan | 14.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 54.2% | falling |
| 184 | Botswana | 12.82 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 10.6% | rising |
| 185 | Namibia | 9.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 186 | Niger | 7.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 69.9% | volatile |
| 187 | Chad | 7.45 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 65.8% | volatile |
| 188 | Mauritania | 5.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 92.5% | volatile |
| 189 | Samoa | 4.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 98.4% | volatile |
| 190 | Montenegro | -6.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 94.3% | volatile |
| 191 | Vanuatu | -9.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | up 89.9% | volatile |
| 192 | Haiti | -46.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2024 | down 113.5% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Annual co2 including land use Our World in Data
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.