Energy Use (Pre- and Post-Production) — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) by country
The FAOSTAT domain Emissions from Pre- and Post-Agricultural Production provides estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and related activity data associated with pre- and post-production stages of agrifood systems. The domain includes methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases...
Countries reporting
246
Highest
1.22 million kt
OECD
Lowest
0 kt
Pitcairn
Median
1,326 kt
Years covered
34
1990–2023
Data points
9,120
What the numbers show
Energy Use (Pre- and Post-Production) — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) is currently reported for 246 countries. The highest value is 1.22 million kt in OECD; the lowest is 0 kt in Pitcairn.
The median across all reporting countries is 1,326 kt, and the mean is 23,246 kt.
Over the past decade 192 countries rose and 53 fell. The largest increase was in Tajikistan (up 404.4%), and the largest decrease in Pitcairn (down 100.0%).
Energy Use (Pre- and Post-Production) — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | OECD | 1.22 million kt | 2023 | down 3.9% | rising |
| 2 | China | 1.04 million kt | 2023 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 3 | China, mainland | 997,122 kt | 2023 | up 17.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Russian Federation | 198,116 kt | 2023 | up 38.2% | rising |
| 5 | India | 197,064 kt | 2023 | up 20.6% | volatile |
| 6 | Brazil | 112,100 kt | 2023 | up 49.9% | rising |
| 7 | Japan | 100,389 kt | 2023 | down 14.8% | rising |
| 8 | Indonesia | 89,424 kt | 2023 | up 41.7% | volatile |
| 9 | Thailand | 82,018 kt | 2023 | up 97.2% | rising |
| 10 | Germany | 73,847 kt | 2023 | down 20.3% | flat |
| 11 | Canada | 65,726 kt | 2023 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 12 | Republic of Korea | 59,269 kt | 2023 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 13 | Australia and New Zealand | 55,747 kt | 2023 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 14 | Italy | 52,305 kt | 2023 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 15 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 51,362 kt | 2023 | up 22.6% | rising |
| 16 | Türkiye | 51,158 kt | 2023 | up 45.0% | rising |
| 17 | Poland | 50,197 kt | 2023 | up 9.8% | rising |
| 18 | Australia | 49,876 kt | 2023 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 19 | Saudi Arabia | 48,205 kt | 2023 | up 17.0% | rising |
| 20 | Viet Nam | 48,042 kt | 2023 | up 119.5% | volatile |
| 21 | France | 45,602 kt | 2023 | down 15.5% | rising |
| 22 | Mexico | 44,479 kt | 2023 | down 13.7% | rising |
| 23 | Algeria | 39,455 kt | 2023 | up 49.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Caribbean | 39,189 kt | 2023 | up 40.8% | rising |
| 25 | Egypt | 38,539 kt | 2023 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 26 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 36,435 kt | 2023 | down 34.5% | falling |
| 27 | Malaysia | 35,902 kt | 2023 | up 20.7% | volatile |
| 28 | China, Taiwan Province of | 31,175 kt | 2023 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 29 | South Africa | 30,109 kt | 2023 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 30 | Philippines | 29,082 kt | 2023 | up 84.0% | rising |
| 31 | Colombia | 26,347 kt | 2023 | up 54.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Spain | 25,009 kt | 2023 | down 27.0% | rising |
| 33 | Ukraine | 24,400 kt | 2023 | down 40.9% | rising |
| 34 | Argentina | 23,115 kt | 2023 | down 8.7% | rising |
| 35 | Pakistan | 22,045 kt | 2023 | up 39.1% | rising |
| 36 | Kazakhstan | 21,640 kt | 2023 | up 83.8% | volatile |
| 37 | Morocco | 19,865 kt | 2023 | up 54.8% | volatile |
| 38 | Trinidad and Tobago | 19,860 kt | 2023 | up 38.0% | rising |
| 39 | Uzbekistan | 19,328 kt | 2023 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 40 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 19,246 kt | 2023 | down 17.7% | falling |
| 41 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 15,255 kt | 2023 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 42 | Nigeria | 14,367 kt | 2023 | up 53.7% | volatile |
| 43 | Chile | 14,140 kt | 2023 | up 29.1% | volatile |
| 44 | Belarus | 14,027 kt | 2023 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 45 | United Arab Emirates | 13,310 kt | 2023 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 46 | Israel | 12,486 kt | 2023 | up 35.9% | rising |
| 47 | Romania | 11,745 kt | 2023 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 48 | Iraq | 11,274 kt | 2023 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 49 | Qatar | 10,476 kt | 2023 | down 1.5% | volatile |
| 50 | Belgium | 10,132 kt | 2023 | down 7.7% | flat |
| 51 | United Republic of Tanzania | 9,587 kt | 2023 | up 106.3% | volatile |
| 52 | Czechia | 9,587 kt | 2023 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 53 | Uganda | 9,411 kt | 2023 | up 152.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Oman | 9,167 kt | 2023 | up 32.5% | volatile |
| 55 | Kuwait | 9,032 kt | 2023 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 56 | Bangladesh | 8,686 kt | 2023 | up 91.2% | volatile |
| 57 | Hungary | 8,294 kt | 2023 | up 30.0% | flat |
| 58 | Libya | 7,854 kt | 2023 | up 22.4% | rising |
| 59 | Greece | 7,552 kt | 2023 | down 39.3% | falling |
| 60 | Tunisia | 7,551 kt | 2023 | up 34.4% | rising |
| 61 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 7,526 kt | 2023 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 62 | Portugal | 7,408 kt | 2023 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 63 | Serbia | 6,933 kt | 2023 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 64 | Peru | 6,913 kt | 2023 | up 30.4% | volatile |
| 65 | Dominican Republic | 6,740 kt | 2023 | up 60.9% | volatile |
| 66 | Switzerland | 6,680 kt | 2023 | down 9.2% | rising |
| 67 | Austria | 6,450 kt | 2023 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 68 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 6,190 kt | 2023 | up 44.7% | volatile |
| 69 | Syrian Arab Republic | 6,128 kt | 2023 | up 56.9% | rising |
| 70 | Yemen | 6,091 kt | 2023 | up 39.3% | rising |
| 71 | Lithuania | 5,913 kt | 2023 | up 8.2% | volatile |
| 72 | Myanmar | 5,911 kt | 2023 | up 120.0% | volatile |
| 73 | New Zealand | 5,871 kt | 2023 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 74 | Côte d'Ivoire | 5,166 kt | 2023 | up 85.7% | volatile |
| 75 | Azerbaijan | 5,111 kt | 2023 | up 46.6% | rising |
| 76 | Ecuador | 5,098 kt | 2023 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 77 | Singapore | 5,008 kt | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 78 | Sudan | 5,006 kt | 2023 | up 83.7% | rising |
| 79 | Turkmenistan | 4,963 kt | 2023 | up 52.1% | rising |
| 80 | Haiti | 4,465 kt | 2023 | up 111.1% | volatile |
| 81 | Zimbabwe | 4,385 kt | 2023 | up 199.6% | volatile |
| 82 | Finland | 4,335 kt | 2023 | down 18.5% | rising |
| 83 | Ireland | 4,177 kt | 2023 | down 15.9% | rising |
| 84 | Palestine | 4,060 kt | 2023 | up 116.1% | volatile |
| 85 | Jordan | 4,009 kt | 2023 | up 28.9% | rising |
| 86 | Lebanon | 3,942 kt | 2023 | up 52.5% | rising |
| 87 | Bulgaria | 3,805 kt | 2023 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 88 | Guatemala | 3,714 kt | 2023 | up 74.0% | rising |
| 89 | Croatia | 3,595 kt | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 90 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 3,392 kt | 2023 | up 207.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Bahrain | 3,385 kt | 2023 | up 24.2% | rising |
| 92 | Denmark | 3,175 kt | 2023 | down 37.1% | falling |
| 93 | Cambodia | 3,111 kt | 2023 | up 232.9% | volatile |
| 94 | Puerto Rico | 3,037 kt | 2023 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 95 | Panama | 2,995 kt | 2023 | up 111.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Sweden | 2,982 kt | 2023 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 97 | Slovakia | 2,928 kt | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 98 | Sudan (former) | 2,884 kt | 2011 | up 289.9% | volatile |
| 99 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 2,872 kt | 2023 | up 138.7% | volatile |
| 100 | Angola | 2,815 kt | 2023 | up 20.7% | volatile |
| 101 | Georgia | 2,781 kt | 2023 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 102 | Senegal | 2,718 kt | 2023 | up 126.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Sri Lanka | 2,715 kt | 2023 | up 64.9% | volatile |
| 104 | Afghanistan | 2,630 kt | 2023 | up 71.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Nepal | 2,562 kt | 2023 | up 91.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Norway | 2,446 kt | 2023 | down 11.5% | rising |
| 107 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2,334 kt | 2023 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 108 | Ghana | 2,309 kt | 2023 | up 51.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Honduras | 2,305 kt | 2023 | up 66.6% | volatile |
| 110 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2,281 kt | 2023 | up 109.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Cuba | 2,168 kt | 2023 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 112 | Mongolia | 2,024 kt | 2023 | up 58.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Cameroon | 1,872 kt | 2023 | up 32.9% | rising |
| 114 | Burkina Faso | 1,850 kt | 2023 | up 160.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Benin | 1,757 kt | 2023 | up 66.4% | volatile |
| 116 | Kenya | 1,657 kt | 2023 | up 79.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Costa Rica | 1,560 kt | 2023 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 118 | South Sudan | 1,553 kt | 2023 | up 109.5% | rising |
| 119 | El Salvador | 1,492 kt | 2023 | up 35.5% | rising |
| 120 | Republic of Moldova | 1,484 kt | 2023 | up 14.0% | flat |
| 121 | Mauritius | 1,435 kt | 2023 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 122 | Madagascar | 1,410 kt | 2023 | up 91.7% | volatile |
| 123 | Slovenia | 1,360 kt | 2023 | down 7.6% | rising |
| 124 | Botswana | 1,291 kt | 2023 | down 4.2% | volatile |
| 125 | Melanesia | 1,278 kt | 2023 | up 47.7% | rising |
| 126 | North Macedonia | 1,203 kt | 2023 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 127 | Niger | 1,173 kt | 2023 | up 101.7% | volatile |
| 128 | Ethiopia | 1,166 kt | 2023 | up 64.6% | volatile |
| 129 | Nicaragua | 1,143 kt | 2023 | up 38.4% | rising |
| 130 | Mali | 1,135 kt | 2023 | up 129.5% | volatile |
| 131 | Armenia | 1,132 kt | 2023 | up 17.4% | volatile |
| 132 | Jamaica | 1,128 kt | 2023 | up 75.3% | rising |
| 133 | Estonia | 1,126 kt | 2023 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 134 | Malawi | 1,057 kt | 2023 | up 82.7% | volatile |
| 135 | Uruguay | 1,009 kt | 2023 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 136 | Paraguay | 993.78 kt | 2023 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 137 | Guinea | 982.29 kt | 2023 | up 131.4% | volatile |
| 138 | Togo | 977.74 kt | 2023 | up 87.1% | volatile |
| 139 | Mozambique | 927.24 kt | 2023 | up 152.8% | volatile |
| 140 | Brunei Darussalam | 905.31 kt | 2023 | up 23.1% | rising |
| 141 | Kyrgyzstan | 861.6 kt | 2023 | up 19.4% | volatile |
| 142 | Tajikistan | 770.02 kt | 2023 | up 404.4% | volatile |
| 143 | Chad | 732.62 kt | 2023 | up 72.1% | volatile |
| 144 | Cyprus | 729.1 kt | 2023 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 145 | Latvia | 721.71 kt | 2023 | down 15.0% | falling |
| 146 | Eswatini | 686.79 kt | 2023 | up 57.6% | rising |
| 147 | Albania | 653.87 kt | 2023 | up 4.6% | volatile |
| 148 | Zambia | 625.9 kt | 2023 | up 137.2% | volatile |
| 149 | Luxembourg | 607.95 kt | 2023 | down 30.9% | falling |
| 150 | Gabon | 560.5 kt | 2023 | up 61.5% | volatile |
| 151 | Mauritania | 551.96 kt | 2023 | up 77.2% | volatile |
| 152 | Papua New Guinea | 518.8 kt | 2023 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 153 | Namibia | 516.89 kt | 2023 | up 59.4% | volatile |
| 154 | Montenegro | 497.04 kt | 2023 | up 59.3% | rising |
| 155 | Serbia and Montenegro | 477.14 kt | 2005 | up 77.6% | volatile |
| 156 | Congo | 473.49 kt | 2023 | up 31.1% | volatile |
| 157 | Bahamas | 469.07 kt | 2023 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 158 | Lesotho | 453.93 kt | 2023 | up 65.4% | volatile |
| 159 | Timor-Leste | 399.71 kt | 2023 | up 173.3% | volatile |
| 160 | Central African Republic | 398.17 kt | 2023 | up 166.4% | volatile |
| 161 | Guyana | 384.47 kt | 2023 | up 80.0% | rising |
| 162 | Malta | 369.74 kt | 2023 | down 4.1% | rising |
| 163 | Fiji | 339.17 kt | 2023 | up 81.2% | rising |
| 164 | Rwanda | 332.62 kt | 2023 | up 71.2% | volatile |
| 165 | Equatorial Guinea | 311.74 kt | 2023 | up 74.3% | volatile |
| 166 | Suriname | 288.71 kt | 2023 | up 25.9% | volatile |
| 167 | Iceland | 281.85 kt | 2023 | up 5.8% | flat |
| 168 | Netherlands Antilles (former) | 279.68 kt | 2010 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 169 | Burundi | 276.83 kt | 2023 | up 79.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Barbados | 266.93 kt | 2023 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 171 | Maldives | 238.28 kt | 2023 | up 134.8% | volatile |
| 172 | Polynesia | 217.49 kt | 2023 | up 12.1% | rising |
| 173 | Curaçao | 199.32 kt | 2023 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 174 | Djibouti | 192.32 kt | 2023 | up 83.6% | volatile |
| 175 | New Caledonia | 190.12 kt | 2023 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 176 | Belize | 189.81 kt | 2023 | up 80.7% | rising |
| 177 | Aruba | 186.16 kt | 2023 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 178 | Réunion | 157.72 kt | 2010 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 179 | Gambia | 147.13 kt | 2023 | up 147.4% | volatile |
| 180 | Solomon Islands | 144.42 kt | 2023 | up 87.3% | volatile |
| 181 | Sierra Leone | 143.21 kt | 2023 | up 75.7% | volatile |
| 182 | Saint Lucia | 135.37 kt | 2023 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 183 | China, Macao SAR | 129.65 kt | 2023 | up 23.9% | rising |
| 184 | Guinea-Bissau | 124.46 kt | 2023 | up 113.1% | volatile |
| 185 | Liberia | 119.43 kt | 2023 | up 22.7% | volatile |
| 186 | Guadeloupe | 111.29 kt | 2010 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 187 | Bhutan | 108.9 kt | 2023 | up 125.0% | volatile |
| 188 | Cabo Verde | 101.78 kt | 2023 | up 65.3% | rising |
| 189 | Belgium-Luxembourg | 99.03 kt | 1999 | up 30.0% | volatile |
| 190 | American Samoa | 94.47 kt | 2023 | down 6.5% | falling |
| 191 | Antigua and Barbuda | 91.95 kt | 2023 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 192 | Martinique | 90.33 kt | 2010 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 193 | Somalia | 87.68 kt | 2023 | up 49.2% | rising |
| 194 | Vanuatu | 85.44 kt | 2023 | up 165.4% | volatile |
| 195 | Gibraltar | 76.47 kt | 2023 | up 63.8% | rising |
| 196 | Eritrea | 73.86 kt | 2023 | up 30.0% | volatile |
| 197 | Cayman Islands | 65.28 kt | 2023 | up 49.1% | rising |
| 198 | Micronesia | 60.94 kt | 2023 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 199 | Seychelles | 57.24 kt | 2023 | up 33.5% | volatile |
| 200 | French Polynesia | 57.21 kt | 2023 | up 16.5% | rising |
| 201 | Grenada | 53.16 kt | 2023 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 202 | Andorra | 51.3 kt | 2023 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 203 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 47.04 kt | 2023 | down 6.0% | rising |
| 204 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 46.87 kt | 2023 | up 18.3% | rising |
| 205 | Samoa | 41.88 kt | 2023 | up 67.6% | rising |
| 206 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 39.62 kt | 2023 | up 50.5% | volatile |
| 207 | French Guiana | 39.16 kt | 2010 | up 15.8% | rising |
| 208 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 38.38 kt | 2023 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 209 | Greenland | 38.16 kt | 2023 | up 7.8% | falling |
| 210 | Comoros | 37.85 kt | 2023 | up 162.2% | volatile |
| 211 | United States Virgin Islands | 37.68 kt | 2023 | up 101.5% | volatile |
| 212 | Sao Tome and Principe | 32.28 kt | 2023 | up 82.3% | volatile |
| 213 | Saint Martin (French Part) | 31.14 kt | 2023 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 214 | Anguilla | 30.09 kt | 2023 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 215 | Dominica | 23.63 kt | 2023 | down 2.7% | rising |
| 216 | Bermuda | 22.99 kt | 2023 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 217 | Palau | 19.66 kt | 2023 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 218 | Faroe Islands | 19.51 kt | 2023 | down 5.0% | rising |
| 219 | Tonga | 17.05 kt | 2023 | up 39.3% | rising |
| 220 | Marshall Islands | 15.5 kt | 2023 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 221 | British Virgin Islands | 15.29 kt | 2023 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 222 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 13.16 kt | 2023 | up 8.8% | falling |
| 223 | Jersey | 12.91 kt | 2023 | down 19.8% | rising |
| 224 | Isle of Man | 12.57 kt | 2023 | down 22.9% | volatile |
| 225 | Kiribati | 6.51 kt | 2023 | up 35.0% | rising |
| 226 | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 6.23 kt | 2023 | up 4.1% | flat |
| 227 | San Marino | 5.78 kt | 2023 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 228 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 3.83 kt | 2023 | up 115.5% | rising |
| 229 | Cook Islands | 3.83 kt | 2023 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 230 | Nauru | 3.67 kt | 2023 | up 111.2% | volatile |
| 231 | Montserrat | 3.58 kt | 2023 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 232 | Saint Barthélemy | 3.55 kt | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 233 | Northern Mariana Islands | 2.28 kt | 2023 | down 17.3% | falling |
| 234 | Monaco | 2.2 kt | 2023 | down 23.1% | volatile |
| 235 | Liechtenstein | 2.13 kt | 2023 | down 25.6% | volatile |
| 236 | Tuvalu | 1.23 kt | 2023 | up 27.8% | rising |
| 237 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 1.08 kt | 2023 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 238 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.9502 kt | 2023 | down 9.9% | falling |
| 239 | Niue | 0.713 kt | 2023 | up 25.9% | falling |
| 240 | Mayotte | 0.679 kt | 2023 | up 1.2% | volatile |
| 241 | Ascension, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha | 0.5948 kt | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 242 | Holy See | 0.1607 kt | 2023 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 243 | Guam | 0.1586 kt | 2023 | up 51.7% | volatile |
| 244 | Tokelau | 0.0208 kt | 2023 | down 78.3% | volatile |
| 244 | Norfolk Island | 0.0208 kt | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 246 | Pitcairn | 0 kt | 2004 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 3.85 million kt
- Non-Annex I countries 2.43 million kt
- Asia 2.04 million kt
- Annex I countries 1.36 million kt
- Eastern Asia 1.20 million kt
- Americas 810,236 kt
- Europe 658,145 kt
- Northern America 501,329 kt
- United States of America 435,541 kt
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 363,864 kt
- European Union (27) 363,200 kt
- Eastern Europe 324,583 kt
- South-eastern Asia 302,675 kt
- Southern Asia 287,412 kt
- Latin America and the Caribbean 279,102 kt
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 252,036 kt
- Africa 228,700 kt
- South America 211,839 kt
- Western Asia 202,476 kt
- Western Europe 162,571 kt
- Northern Africa 118,271 kt
- Southern Europe 109,355 kt
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 100,402 kt
- Sub-Saharan Africa 100,021 kt
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 87,211 kt
- Northern Europe 61,637 kt
- Central America 57,879 kt
- Oceania 57,303 kt
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 52,408 kt
- Central Asia 47,562 kt
- Eastern Africa 34,273 kt
- Western Africa 33,622 kt
- Southern Africa 33,058 kt
- Middle Africa 9,477 kt
About this data
The FAOSTAT domain Emissions from Pre- and Post-Agricultural Production provides estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and related activity data associated with pre- and post-production stages of agrifood systems. The domain includes methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases (F-gases) and their aggregates expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq). Estimates are computed following Tier 1 methods of the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 1996; 1997; 2000; 2002; 2006; 2014) and are disseminated annually.