Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change, per unit of GDP by country
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
186
Highest
0.417 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Liberia
Lowest
-0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Georgia
Median
0.0131 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Years covered
65
1960–2024
Data points
10,813
What the numbers show
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 186 countries. The highest value is 0.417 tonnes per US$ of GDP in Liberia; the lowest is -0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP in Georgia.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0131 tonnes per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0.0476 tonnes per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 38.
Over the past decade 37 countries rose and 149 fell. The largest increase was in Palestine (up 987.7%), and the largest decrease in Guyana (down 82.6%).
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change, per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liberia | 0.417 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.6% | volatile |
| 2 | Madagascar | 0.3859 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.2% | volatile |
| 3 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.359 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.2% | volatile |
| 4 | Bhutan | 0.338 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.5% | volatile |
| 5 | Sierra Leone | 0.3369 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.6% | volatile |
| 6 | Central African Republic | 0.3259 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.8% | volatile |
| 7 | Zambia | 0.2535 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 8 | Guinea | 0.2297 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 60.9% | falling |
| 9 | Nicaragua | 0.2238 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.1% | volatile |
| 10 | Myanmar | 0.2223 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.4% | volatile |
| 11 | East Timor | 0.2057 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 12 | Laos | 0.2005 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Mozambique | 0.1938 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.6% | volatile |
| 14 | Congo | 0.1838 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Burundi | 0.1739 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.1706 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.4% | volatile |
| 17 | South Sudan | 0.1638 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2015 | up 45.6% | rising |
| 18 | Bolivia | 0.1528 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.1% | volatile |
| 19 | Belize | 0.144 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.2% | volatile |
| 20 | Togo | 0.1437 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 39.1% | volatile |
| 21 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.143 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 41.6% | falling |
| 22 | Solomon Islands | 0.136 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Vanuatu | 0.1313 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.8% | volatile |
| 24 | Cambodia | 0.1103 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 47.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Malawi | 0.1098 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 26 | Tanzania | 0.1032 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.1% | volatile |
| 27 | Mongolia | 0.1021 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 47.8% | volatile |
| 28 | Somalia | 0.0993 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.2% | volatile |
| 29 | Lesotho | 0.0977 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 50.1% | volatile |
| 30 | Niger | 0.095 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 39.6% | volatile |
| 31 | Honduras | 0.0918 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.2% | volatile |
| 32 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0902 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 33 | Paraguay | 0.0872 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.8% | volatile |
| 34 | Eritrea | 0.0841 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 48.7% | falling |
| 35 | Mali | 0.0752 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.6% | volatile |
| 36 | Benin | 0.0744 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.9% | volatile |
| 37 | Angola | 0.072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 64.1% | volatile |
| 38 | Ukraine | 0.0704 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.6% | volatile |
| 39 | Burkina Faso | 0.0661 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Belarus | 0.0651 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 41 | Cameroon | 0.0649 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.7% | volatile |
| 42 | Chad | 0.0616 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Eswatini | 0.0612 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.4% | volatile |
| 44 | Ethiopia | 0.0594 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 50.5% | volatile |
| 45 | Indonesia | 0.0563 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 46 | Brazil | 0.0556 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 26.9% | volatile |
| 47 | Uganda | 0.0548 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.3% | volatile |
| 48 | Venezuela | 0.0537 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 81.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Zimbabwe | 0.0524 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 52.7% | volatile |
| 50 | Gabon | 0.052 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Nepal | 0.0518 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.2% | volatile |
| 52 | Sudan | 0.0505 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Nigeria | 0.0497 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 134.6% | volatile |
| 54 | Colombia | 0.0493 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 55 | Russia | 0.0493 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.6% | volatile |
| 56 | Afghanistan | 0.0485 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 25.9% | volatile |
| 57 | Ghana | 0.046 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.5% | volatile |
| 58 | Thailand | 0.0411 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.5% | volatile |
| 59 | Ecuador | 0.0387 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.1% | volatile |
| 60 | Gambia | 0.0381 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.5% | volatile |
| 61 | Suriname | 0.0377 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 28.1% | volatile |
| 62 | Cuba | 0.0374 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 45.2% | volatile |
| 63 | Guatemala | 0.0368 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.8% | volatile |
| 64 | Rwanda | 0.0357 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 43.8% | volatile |
| 65 | Guyana | 0.0352 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 82.6% | volatile |
| 66 | Malaysia | 0.033 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.3% | volatile |
| 67 | Philippines | 0.0317 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.4% | volatile |
| 68 | Haiti | 0.0317 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.7% | volatile |
| 69 | North Macedonia | 0.0293 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.1% | falling |
| 70 | Sri Lanka | 0.0283 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 71 | Kenya | 0.0279 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.7% | volatile |
| 72 | Panama | 0.0269 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 39.7% | volatile |
| 73 | Namibia | 0.0263 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.8% | volatile |
| 74 | Senegal | 0.0252 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.4% | volatile |
| 75 | Montenegro | 0.0236 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 51.6% | volatile |
| 76 | Costa Rica | 0.0233 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.0% | volatile |
| 77 | Vietnam | 0.0222 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 43.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Argentina | 0.0218 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.1% | volatile |
| 79 | Syria | 0.0212 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 75.5% | volatile |
| 80 | Latvia | 0.021 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.5% | volatile |
| 81 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0205 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 59.1% | volatile |
| 82 | Peru | 0.0201 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 28.2% | volatile |
| 83 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.02 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.4% | volatile |
| 84 | El Salvador | 0.0189 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.1% | volatile |
| 85 | South Africa | 0.018 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 86 | Canada | 0.0178 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.7% | volatile |
| 87 | Jamaica | 0.0165 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.1% | volatile |
| 88 | Lithuania | 0.0162 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.3% | volatile |
| 89 | Botswana | 0.0148 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.8% | volatile |
| 90 | Albania | 0.0145 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 50.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Kazakhstan | 0.0143 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.8% | volatile |
| 92 | Chile | 0.0136 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 16.4% | volatile |
| 93 | Dominican Republic | 0.0131 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.6% | volatile |
| 94 | Fiji | 0.0131 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 95 | Serbia | 0.0129 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 53.4% | volatile |
| 96 | Samoa | 0.0121 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.3% | volatile |
| 97 | Finland | 0.0121 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 98 | New Zealand | 0.0119 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.4% | volatile |
| 99 | Morocco | 0.0118 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 100 | India | 0.0112 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Tunisia | 0.0108 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.8% | volatile |
| 102 | Croatia | 0.0102 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.6% | volatile |
| 103 | Bulgaria | 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 52.4% | volatile |
| 104 | Tajikistan | 0.0087 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Romania | 0.0083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 49.4% | volatile |
| 106 | Azerbaijan | 0.0082 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 9.0% | volatile |
| 107 | Comoros | 0.0082 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.3% | falling |
| 108 | Bangladesh | 0.0081 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 60.1% | volatile |
| 109 | Australia | 0.008 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.3% | volatile |
| 110 | Mexico | 0.0077 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.0% | volatile |
| 111 | Pakistan | 0.0076 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 112 | Brunei | 0.0069 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 22.6% | volatile |
| 113 | Uruguay | 0.0069 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.8% | volatile |
| 114 | Iceland | 0.0061 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.7% | volatile |
| 115 | Tonga | 0.0057 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Moldova | 0.0054 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 62.1% | volatile |
| 117 | Slovenia | 0.0054 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.1% | falling |
| 118 | Greece | 0.0053 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.1% | volatile |
| 119 | Mauritania | 0.0053 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.0% | volatile |
| 120 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0052 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.9% | volatile |
| 121 | Iran | 0.0051 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 122 | Turkey | 0.005 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.5% | volatile |
| 123 | Estonia | 0.005 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 39.8% | volatile |
| 124 | Algeria | 0.0049 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.3% | volatile |
| 125 | China | 0.0044 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.5% | volatile |
| 126 | Armenia | 0.0043 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 54.2% | volatile |
| 127 | United States | 0.0043 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 39.4% | volatile |
| 128 | Turkmenistan | 0.0042 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 129 | Sweden | 0.004 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Slovakia | 0.0039 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.9% | volatile |
| 131 | Dominica | 0.0034 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.1% | volatile |
| 132 | Uzbekistan | 0.0033 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.2% | volatile |
| 133 | Denmark | 0.0032 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 134 | Cape Verde | 0.0027 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.6% | volatile |
| 135 | Hungary | 0.0027 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.8% | volatile |
| 136 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0025 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.7% | volatile |
| 137 | Libya | 0.0024 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 138 | Iraq | 0.0023 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Norway | 0.0021 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Djibouti | 0.0018 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.7% | falling |
| 141 | Cyprus | 0.0016 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0016 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 49.8% | volatile |
| 143 | Portugal | 0.0016 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.6% | volatile |
| 144 | Jordan | 0.0014 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.7% | volatile |
| 145 | Japan | 0.0013 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 19.2% | volatile |
| 146 | Spain | 0.0012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Egypt | 0.001 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 16.1% | volatile |
| 148 | United Kingdom | 0.0009 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.1% | volatile |
| 149 | Netherlands | 0.0009 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.8% | volatile |
| 150 | Lebanon | 0.0007 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 91.4% | volatile |
| 151 | Belgium | 0.0006 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.1% | volatile |
| 152 | Poland | 0.0005 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 66.0% | volatile |
| 153 | Austria | 0.0005 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.0% | volatile |
| 154 | Barbados | 0.0004 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.5% | volatile |
| 155 | Bahamas | 0.0004 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.9% | volatile |
| 156 | Ireland | 0.0004 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 49.2% | volatile |
| 157 | Switzerland | 0.0003 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.0% | volatile |
| 158 | Saint Lucia | 0.0003 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 73.5% | volatile |
| 159 | Andorra | 0.0002 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.8% | volatile |
| 160 | South Korea | 0.0002 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.6% | volatile |
| 161 | Italy | 0.0002 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.3% | volatile |
| 162 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0001 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.1% | volatile |
| 163 | Palestine | 0.0001 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 987.7% | volatile |
| 164 | Israel | 0.0001 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.7% | volatile |
| 165 | San Marino | 0.0001 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 49.3% | volatile |
| 166 | Luxembourg | 0.0001 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.5% | volatile |
| 167 | Singapore | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.4% | volatile |
| 168 | Mauritius | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 160.3% | volatile |
| 169 | Qatar | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 16.3% | volatile |
| 170 | Germany | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 81.1% | volatile |
| 171 | United Arab Emirates | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Maldives | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.4% | volatile |
| 173 | Monaco | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 174 | Bahrain | 0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.5% | volatile |
| 182 | Kuwait | -0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 6.2% | volatile |
| 183 | Oman | -0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 60.5% | volatile |
| 184 | Liechtenstein | -0 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.1% | volatile |
| 185 | Malta | -0.0002 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 47.9% | volatile |
| 186 | Czechia | -0.0006 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 20.0% | volatile |
| 187 | Yemen | -0.0008 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2018 | down 24.4% | volatile |
| 188 | France | -0.0012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 189 | Grenada | -0.0014 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 63.5% | volatile |
| 190 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -0.0017 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.6% | volatile |
| 191 | Antigua and Barbuda | -0.0053 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 34.4% | volatile |
| 192 | Equatorial Guinea | -0.0073 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.0% | volatile |
| 193 | Georgia | -0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 31.8% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.