Carbon stock change in forests — Net emissions/removals (CO2) (Forest land) by country
The FAOSTAT domain on Emissions from Forests consists of CO2 emissions and removals corresponding to forest carbon stock changes (aboveground and belowground living biomass). Estimates are computed following the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006).
Countries reporting
198
Highest
905,806 kt
Brazil
Lowest
-1.15 million kt
Russian Federation
Median
0 kt
Years covered
36
1990–2025
Data points
9,600
What the numbers show
Carbon stock change in forests — Net emissions/removals (CO2) (Forest land) is currently reported for 198 countries. The highest value is 905,806 kt in Brazil; the lowest is -1.15 million kt in Russian Federation.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 kt, and the mean is -9,355 kt.
Over the past decade 82 countries rose and 88 fell. The largest increase was in Sudan (up 31,330.0%), and the largest decrease in Jamaica (down 2,933.3%).
Carbon stock change in forests — Net emissions/removals (CO2): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 905,806 kt | 2025 | up 221.7% | falling |
| 2 | Peru | 127,923 kt | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 154,748 kt | 2025 | down 71.8% | falling |
| 3 | Canada | 103,437 kt | 2025 | up 332.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Cambodia | 70,026 kt | 2025 | down 11.4% | volatile |
| 5 | Cameroon | 60,845 kt | 2025 | up 108.8% | rising |
| 6 | Colombia | 56,313 kt | 2025 | up 42.4% | falling |
| 7 | Italy | 53,504 kt | 2025 | up 440.1% | volatile |
| 8 | Myanmar | 53,005 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | falling |
| 9 | Madagascar | 51,311 kt | 2025 | down 30.1% | falling |
| 10 | Sudan | 45,804 kt | 2025 | up 31,330.0% | volatile |
| 10 | Timor-Leste | 227.33 kt | 2025 | down 41.5% | falling |
| 11 | Thailand | 44,917 kt | 2025 | up 1,555.4% | volatile |
| 12 | Mozambique | 43,135 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 13 | Argentina | 40,810 kt | 2025 | down 42.9% | falling |
| 14 | Nigeria | 35,743 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 15 | Angola | 32,311 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 16 | Malaysia | 30,030 kt | 2025 | up 119.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Cabo Verde | -7.33 kt | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 17 | Paraguay | 27,661 kt | 2025 | down 54.4% | falling |
| 18 | Central African Republic | 24,963 kt | 2025 | up 33.0% | rising |
| 19 | Liberia | 22,829 kt | 2025 | down 65.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Viet Nam | -5,412 kt | 2025 | up 80.5% | volatile |
| 20 | Mali | 22,675 kt | 2025 | down 21.2% | rising |
| 20 | Türkiye | -6,908 kt | 2025 | up 88.4% | volatile |
| 21 | Chad | 20,709 kt | 2025 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 22 | Guinea | 18,825 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 23 | Burkina Faso | 18,619 kt | 2025 | up 1.2% | falling |
| 24 | Zimbabwe | 17,549 kt | 2025 | down 11.2% | falling |
| 25 | Mexico | 14,417 kt | 2025 | up 173.3% | volatile |
| 26 | Benin | 12,753 kt | 2025 | down 67.3% | volatile |
| 27 | Ecuador | 12,210 kt | 2025 | down 28.0% | falling |
| 28 | Suriname | 11,770 kt | 2025 | up 290.5% | volatile |
| 29 | Zambia | 9,834 kt | 2025 | down 48.4% | volatile |
| 30 | Guyana | 8,074 kt | 2025 | down 34.8% | rising |
| 31 | Malawi | 7,069 kt | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 32 | Cuba | 5,485 kt | 2025 | up 251.1% | volatile |
| 33 | Uganda | 5,463 kt | 2025 | down 55.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Guatemala | 5,390 kt | 2025 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 35 | Morocco | 5,331 kt | 2025 | up 335.3% | volatile |
| 36 | Kazakhstan | 5,295 kt | 2025 | up 153.7% | volatile |
| 37 | Belize | 4,385 kt | 2025 | down 18.4% | rising |
| 38 | Gabon | 4,319 kt | 2025 | down 44.5% | volatile |
| 39 | Nicaragua | 4,297 kt | 2023 | down 0.2% | volatile |
| 40 | Estonia | 3,850 kt | 2025 | up 143.9% | volatile |
| 41 | Equatorial Guinea | 3,828 kt | 2025 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 42 | Somalia | 3,733 kt | 2025 | down 89.2% | volatile |
| 43 | Bhutan | 3,645 kt | 2025 | up 528.4% | volatile |
| 44 | Sierra Leone | 3,351 kt | 2025 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 45 | French Guiana | 3,293 kt | 2025 | up 26.5% | falling |
| 46 | Chile | 2,361 kt | 2025 | up 116.0% | volatile |
| 47 | Senegal | 1,789 kt | 2025 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 48 | Papua New Guinea | 1,525 kt | 2025 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 49 | Latvia | 1,364 kt | 2025 | up 116.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Spain | 1,320 kt | 2025 | up 115.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Ethiopia | 1,283 kt | 2025 | down 93.3% | volatile |
| 52 | Eritrea | 946 kt | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 53 | Panama | 938.67 kt | 2025 | down 52.6% | volatile |
| 54 | Germany | 711.33 kt | 2025 | up 101.3% | volatile |
| 55 | Sri Lanka | 674.67 kt | 2025 | down 59.3% | volatile |
| 56 | Western Sahara | 630.67 kt | 2025 | up 304.8% | volatile |
| 57 | Vanuatu | 623.33 kt | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 58 | Gambia | 601.33 kt | 2025 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 59 | Guinea-Bissau | 586.67 kt | 2025 | up 2.6% | falling |
| 60 | Solomon Islands | 484 kt | 2025 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 61 | Puerto Rico | 462 kt | 2025 | up 210.5% | volatile |
| 62 | Niger | 440 kt | 2025 | down 60.5% | volatile |
| 63 | Eswatini | 286 kt | 2025 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 64 | Bangladesh | 183.33 kt | 2025 | up 13.6% | volatile |
| 65 | Seychelles | 154 kt | 2025 | up 200.0% | volatile |
| 66 | Trinidad and Tobago | 124.67 kt | 2025 | down 5.6% | flat |
| 67 | Namibia | 95.33 kt | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 68 | Switzerland | 80.67 kt | 2025 | up 105.4% | volatile |
| 68 | Tunisia | 80.67 kt | 2025 | down 98.7% | volatile |
| 70 | Samoa | 73.33 kt | 2025 | down 16.7% | flat |
| 71 | Algeria | 66 kt | 2025 | down 10.0% | flat |
| 72 | Libya | 29.33 kt | 2025 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 73 | Antigua and Barbuda | 22 kt | 2025 | up 50.0% | falling |
| 73 | Dominica | 22 kt | 2025 | down 57.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Mayotte | 22 kt | 2025 | down 40.0% | volatile |
| 76 | San Marino | 7.33 kt | 2025 | up 200.0% | volatile |
| 77 | Cayman Islands | 7.25 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 78 | Barbados | 3.59 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 79 | Palestine, State of | 2.99 kt | 2025 | up 110.7% | volatile |
| 80 | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 2.4 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 81 | Montserrat | 1.38 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 82 | Bermuda | 0.4447 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 83 | Aruba | 0.2794 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 84 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 0.171 kt | 2025 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 85 | Albania | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | American Samoa | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Burundi | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Belgium | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Botswana | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Djibouti | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Finland | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Greece | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Guam | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Israel | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Kuwait | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Luxembourg | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Marshall Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | North Macedonia | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Montenegro | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Mongolia | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Northern Mariana Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Mauritius | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | New Caledonia | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Norway | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | French Polynesia | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Singapore | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Sweden | 0 kt | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Turkmenistan | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | British Virgin Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Cook Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Niue | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Brunei Darussalam | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 146 | Malta | -0.3438 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Jersey | -1.15 kt | 2025 | down 49.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Isle of Man | -4.01 kt | 2025 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 149 | Lebanon | -7.33 kt | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 149 | Sao Tome and Principe | -7.33 kt | 2025 | down 103.6% | volatile |
| 149 | Réunion | -7.33 kt | 2025 | up 92.9% | rising |
| 152 | Comoros | -14.67 kt | 2025 | down 120.0% | volatile |
| 152 | Liechtenstein | -14.67 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 154 | Tajikistan | -33.81 kt | 2025 | down 111.6% | volatile |
| 155 | Palau | -44 kt | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 156 | Martinique | -51.33 kt | 2025 | up 63.2% | falling |
| 157 | Bahrain | -58.67 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 158 | United Arab Emirates | -66 kt | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 159 | United States Virgin Islands | -117.33 kt | 2025 | down 23.1% | volatile |
| 160 | Iceland | -161.33 kt | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 161 | Saudi Arabia | -183.33 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 162 | El Salvador | -198 kt | 2025 | down 800.0% | volatile |
| 162 | Guadeloupe | -198 kt | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 164 | Ireland | -212.67 kt | 2025 | up 96.1% | rising |
| 165 | Andorra | -220 kt | 2025 | down 2,900.0% | volatile |
| 166 | Cyprus | -256.67 kt | 2025 | up 20.5% | falling |
| 167 | Saint Lucia | -271.33 kt | 2025 | up 22.9% | flat |
| 168 | Haiti | -293.33 kt | 2025 | down 142.6% | volatile |
| 168 | South Sudan | -293.33 kt | 2025 | up 63.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Iraq | -308 kt | 2025 | down 180.0% | volatile |
| 171 | Mauritania | -330 kt | 2025 | down 80.0% | rising |
| 172 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | -352 kt | 2025 | up 72.6% | volatile |
| 173 | Togo | -425.33 kt | 2025 | down 201.8% | volatile |
| 174 | Slovenia | -454.67 kt | 2025 | down 113.6% | volatile |
| 175 | Armenia | -491.33 kt | 2025 | down 179.2% | volatile |
| 176 | Portugal | -858 kt | 2025 | down 1.7% | volatile |
| 177 | Sudan (former) | -953.33 kt | 2011 | down 111.4% | volatile |
| 178 | Dominican Republic | -1,269 kt | 2025 | down 15.3% | falling |
| 179 | Jamaica | -1,335 kt | 2025 | down 2,933.3% | volatile |
| 180 | Costa Rica | -1,474 kt | 2025 | up 76.1% | volatile |
| 181 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | -1,613 kt | 2025 | up 86.5% | rising |
| 182 | Slovakia | -1,819 kt | 2025 | up 76.2% | rising |
| 183 | Fiji | -2,002 kt | 2025 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 184 | Uzbekistan | -2,119 kt | 2025 | down 280.3% | volatile |
| 185 | Uruguay | -2,244 kt | 2025 | up 78.2% | volatile |
| 186 | Denmark | -2,435 kt | 2025 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 187 | Czechia | -2,501 kt | 2025 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 188 | Azerbaijan | -2,934 kt | 2025 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 189 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -3,036 kt | 2025 | up 23.3% | volatile |
| 190 | Pakistan | -3,498 kt | 2025 | down 182.7% | volatile |
| 191 | Croatia | -4,063 kt | 2025 | down 166.3% | volatile |
| 192 | Nepal | -4,143 kt | 2025 | down 370.8% | rising |
| 193 | Georgia | -4,363 kt | 2025 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 194 | Belgium-Luxembourg | -4,734 kt | 1999 | unchanged | flat |
| 195 | Hungary | -4,745 kt | 2025 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 196 | Lithuania | -4,928 kt | 2025 | up 54.6% | falling |
| 197 | Austria | -5,097 kt | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 198 | Congo | -7,084 kt | 2025 | down 168.9% | volatile |
| 199 | Romania | -7,883 kt | 2025 | up 81.2% | volatile |
| 200 | Poland | -8,257 kt | 2025 | up 80.9% | volatile |
| 201 | New Zealand | -8,492 kt | 2025 | up 60.0% | rising |
| 202 | Ukraine | -11,829 kt | 2025 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 203 | Rwanda | -12,738 kt | 2025 | down 325.7% | volatile |
| 204 | Australia | -14,491 kt | 2025 | up 41.3% | volatile |
| 205 | Kenya | -15,869 kt | 2025 | down 264.6% | volatile |
| 206 | Bulgaria | -16,478 kt | 2025 | down 23.9% | rising |
| 207 | Australia and New Zealand | -22,983 kt | 2025 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 208 | Serbia | -25,263 kt | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 209 | Philippines | -26,943 kt | 2025 | down 30.1% | volatile |
| 210 | Honduras | -28,534 kt | 2025 | up 27.6% | volatile |
| 211 | Japan | -29,304 kt | 2025 | up 62.0% | rising |
| 212 | Serbia and Montenegro | -31,611 kt | 2005 | down 166.8% | volatile |
| 213 | France | -31,988 kt | 2025 | up 51.8% | falling |
| 214 | Indonesia | -34,709 kt | 2025 | down 132.6% | volatile |
| 215 | Republic of Korea | -45,855 kt | 2025 | up 9.1% | falling |
| 216 | Ghana | -55,227 kt | 2025 | down 437.0% | volatile |
| 217 | South Africa | -74,851 kt | 2025 | down 439.5% | volatile |
| 218 | Belarus | -146,469 kt | 2025 | down 277.3% | volatile |
| 219 | India | -154,418 kt | 2025 | down 117.2% | volatile |
| 220 | OECD | -373,047 kt | 2025 | up 74.0% | rising |
| 221 | China | -838,933 kt | 2025 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 221 | China, mainland | -838,933 kt | 2025 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 223 | Russian Federation | -1.15 million kt | 2025 | down 24.0% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- South America 1.28 million kt
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 678,495 kt
- Americas 996,689 kt
- Middle Africa 294,631 kt
- Non-Annex I countries 893,367 kt
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 828,964 kt
- Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 61,541 kt
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 556,251 kt
- United Republic of Tanzania 59,158 kt
- Africa 553,953 kt
- Small island developing states (SIDS) 28,408 kt
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 214,157 kt
- Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 24,464 kt
- Eastern Africa 170,735 kt
- Lao People's Democratic Republic 9,878 kt
- South-Eastern Asia 141,020 kt
- Melanesia 630.67 kt
- Western Africa 111,115 kt
- Northern Africa 51,942 kt
- Polynesia 36.67 kt
- Côte d'Ivoire 28,893 kt
- Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0 kt
- Republic of Moldova 0 kt
- Southern Europe 20,936 kt
- Central Asia 3,142 kt
- Micronesia (Federated States of) -14.67 kt
- Caribbean 2,596 kt
- Wallis and Futuna Islands -36.67 kt
- Micronesia -58.67 kt
- Central America -777.33 kt
- Syrian Arab Republic -1,885 kt
- Democratic People's Republic of Korea -1,995 kt
- Northern Europe -4,141 kt
- Western Asia -17,459 kt
- Oceania -22,374 kt
- European Union (27) -31,578 kt
- Asia -946,941 kt
- Western Europe -36,659 kt
- Southern Africa -74,470 kt
- Southern Asia -157,557 kt
About this data
The FAOSTAT domain on Emissions from Forests consists of CO2 emissions and removals corresponding to forest carbon stock changes (aboveground and belowground living biomass). Estimates are computed following the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006).